fix: preserve folder upload mode across refresh (#551 ) (thanks @MunemHashmi)

fix(ui): persist folder upload input across hydration and re-renders (#58 )
Replace the useEffect + useRef approach for setting webkitdirectory/ directory attributes with a ref callback that sets the attributes every time the input element is mounted. This ensures folder selection mode persists after page refresh, where React hydration could strip the non-standard attributes. Also removes the @ts-expect-error JSX props since the attributes are now set imperatively via the ref callback.
2026-08-14 08:52:21 +00:00 · 2026-03-07 18:32:58 +00:00 · 2026-03-07 18:31:42 +00:00 · 2026-03-07 18:29:01 +00:00 · 2026-03-07 15:38:01 +00:00 · 2026-03-07 15:38:01 +00:00
260 changed files with 30078 additions and 3866 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+name: "Security Gate: Secret Scanning"
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [main, master]
+
+jobs:
+  trufflehog:
+    name: Scan for Verified Secrets
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read # Required to scan the code in the PR
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0 # necessary to support the scoping requirements below
+
+      - name: TruffleHog OSS
+        id: trufflehog
+        # Use a concrete released ref that resolves in upstream action registry.
+        # v3 (major tag) is not published by trufflesecurity/trufflehog.
+        uses: trufflesecurity/trufflehog@v3.93.6
+        with:
+          path: ./
+          base: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }} # scope it to the committed files
+          head: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
+          extra_args: --only-verified --debug
+
+      - name: Notify on Failure
+        if: steps.trufflehog.outcome == 'failure'
+        run: |
+          echo "::error::Verified secrets found! This PR contains live credentials that must be rotated immediately."
+          echo "::notice::If these secrets are already in the commit history, they cannot be removed via a simple removal commit/push. A repository owner can contact GitHub Support to purge the cached data: https://support.github.com/contact/private-information"
+          exit 1
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "./node_modules/oxfmt/configuration_schema.json",
+  "experimentalSortImports": {
+    "newlinesBetween": false,
+  },
+  "experimentalSortPackageJson": {
+    "sortScripts": true,
+  },
+  "ignorePatterns": [
+    ".output/",
+    ".tanstack/",
+    "convex/_generated/",
+    "coverage/",
+    "dist/",
+    "node_modules/",
+    "public/",
+    "src/routeTree.gen.ts",
+    "test-results/",
+  ],
+}
@@ -1,3 +1,37 @@
 {
-  "ignorePatterns": ["node_modules", "dist", "coverage", "convex/_generated", ".tanstack", "public"]
+  "$schema": "./node_modules/oxlint/configuration_schema.json",
+  "plugins": ["unicorn", "typescript", "oxc"],
+  "categories": {
+    "correctness": "error",
+    "perf": "error",
+    "suspicious": "error"
+  },
+  "rules": {
+    "curly": "off",
+    "eslint-plugin-unicorn/prefer-array-find": "off",
+    "eslint-plugin-unicorn/no-array-sort": "off",
+    "eslint/no-await-in-loop": "off",
+    "eslint/no-new": "off",
+    "oxc/no-accumulating-spread": "off",
+    "oxc/no-async-endpoint-handlers": "off",
+    "oxc/no-map-spread": "off",
+    "typescript/no-explicit-any": "error",
+    "typescript/no-extraneous-class": "off",
+    "typescript/no-unnecessary-boolean-literal-compare": "off",
+    "typescript/no-unnecessary-type-assertion": "off",
+    "typescript/no-unsafe-type-assertion": "off",
+    "unicorn/consistent-function-scoping": "off",
+    "unicorn/require-post-message-target-origin": "off"
+  },
+  "ignorePatterns": [
+    ".output/",
+    ".tanstack/",
+    "convex/_generated/",
+    "coverage/",
+    "dist/",
+    "node_modules/",
+    "public/",
+    "src/routeTree.gen.ts",
+    "test-results/"
+  ]
 }
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@
 - Commit messages: Conventional Commits (`feat:`, `fix:`, `chore:`, `docs:`…).
 - Keep changes scoped; avoid repo-wide search/replace.
 - PRs: include summary + test commands run. Add screenshots for UI changes.
+- Reject PRs that add skills into source code/repo content directly (for example under `skills/` or seed-only additions intended as published skills). Skills must be uploaded/published via CLI.
+
+## Git Notes
+- If `git branch -d/-D <branch>` is policy-blocked, delete the local ref directly: `git update-ref -d refs/heads/<branch>`.

 ## Configuration & Security
 - Local env: `.env.local` (never commit secrets).
@@ -3,20 +3,129 @@
 ## Unreleased

 ### Added
+- Moderation: add comment reporting with per-user active report caps, unique reporter/target enforcement, and auto-hide on the 4th unique report.
+- Moderation: add AI-driven comment scam backfill (`commentModeration:*`) with persisted verdict/confidence/explainer metadata and strict auto-ban for `certain_scam` + `high` confidence.
+- Admin: add manual unban for banned users (clears `deletedAt` + `banReason`, audit log entry). Revoked API tokens stay revoked.
+- Admin: bulk restore skills from GitHub backup; reclaim squatted slugs via v1 endpoints + internal tooling (#298) (thanks @autogame-17).
+- Users: add `trustedPublisher` flag and admin mutations to bypass pending-scan auto-hide for trusted publishers (#298) (thanks @autogame-17).
+- Skills/Web: show skill owner avatar + handle on skill cards, lists, and detail pages (#312) (thanks @ianalloway).
+- Skills/Web: add file viewer for skill version files on detail page (#44) (thanks @regenrek).
+- CLI: add `uninstall` command for skills (#241) (thanks @superlowburn).
+- CI/Security: add TruffleHog pull-request scanning for verified leaked credentials (#505) (thanks @akses0).

 ### Changed
+- Security/docs: document comment reporting/auto-hide behavior alongside existing skill reporting rules.
+- Security/moderation: add bounded explainable auto-ban reasons for scam comments and protect moderator/admin accounts from automated bans.
+- Moderation: banning users now also soft-deletes their authored comments (skill + soul), including legacy cleanup on re-ban.
+- Skill metadata: support env vars, dependency declarations, author, and links in parsed manifest metadata + install UI (#360) (thanks @mahsumaktas).
+- Quality gate: language-aware word counting (`Intl.Segmenter`) and new `cjkChars` signal to reduce false rejects for non-Latin docs.
+- Jobs: run skill stat event processing every 5 minutes (was 15).
+- API performance: batch resolve skill/soul tags in v1 list/get endpoints (fewer action->query round-trips) (#112) (thanks @mkrokosz).
+- Skills: reserve deleted slugs for prior owners (90-day cooldown) to prevent squatting; add admin reclaim flow (#298) (thanks @autogame-17).
+- Moderation: ban flow soft-deletes owned skills (reversible) and removes them from vector search (#298) (thanks @autogame-17).
+- LLM helpers: centralize OpenAI Responses text extraction for changelog/summary/eval flows (#502) (thanks @ianalloway).
+- Rate limiting: apply authenticated quotas by user bucket (vs shared IP), emit delay-based reset headers, and improve CLI 429 guidance/retries (#412) (thanks @lc0rp).
+- Search/listing performance: cut embedding hydration and badge read bandwidth via `embeddingSkillMap` + denormalized skill badges; shift stat-doc sync to low-frequency cron (#441) (thanks @sethconvex).

 ### Fixed
+- Upload: keep folder-picking enabled after page refresh by reapplying `webkitdirectory`/`directory` on the file input ref (#551) (thanks @MunemHashmi).
+- Skills hard-delete: delete `commentReports` rows during moderation cleanup to avoid orphaned report records.
+- Comments: hide entries authored by deleted/deactivated users in `comments:listBySkill`.
+- Admin API: `POST /api/v1/users/reclaim` now performs non-destructive root-slug owner transfer
+  (preserves existing skill versions/stats/metadata) and clears active slug reservations.
+- VirusTotal: use shared AV-engine fallback verdict mapping for pending/backfill flows and keep undetected-only results pending (#591) (thanks @Shuai-DaiDai).
+- CLI publish: use a longer multipart upload timeout and normalize abort rejections into proper Errors (#550) (thanks @MunemHashmi).
+- CLI: forward optional auth tokens for `search` and `explore` against authenticated registries (#608) (thanks @artdaal).
+- Skill metadata: parse top-level `requires.*`, `primaryEnv`, and homepage fallbacks for security review accuracy (#548) (thanks @MunemHashmi).
+- Users: sync handle on ensure when GitHub login changes (#293) (thanks @christianhpoe).
+- Users/Auth: throttle GitHub profile sync on login; also sync avatar when it changes (#312) (thanks @ianalloway).
+- Upload gate: fetch GitHub account age by immutable account ID (prevents username swaps) (#116) (thanks @mkrokosz).
+- VT fallback: activate only VT-pending hidden skills when scans are unavailable/stale; keep quality/scanner-blocked skills hidden (#300) (thanks @superlowburn).
+- API: return proper status codes for delete/undelete errors (#35) (thanks @sergical).
+- API: for owners, return clearer status/messages for hidden/soft-deleted skills instead of a generic 404.
+- Web: allow copying OpenClaw scan summary text (thanks @borisolver, #322).
+- HTTP/CORS: add preflight handler + include CORS headers on API/download errors; CLI: include auth token for owner-visible installs/updates (#146) (thanks @Grenghis-Khan).
+- CLI: clarify `logout` only removes the local token; token remains valid until revoked in the web UI (#166) (thanks @aronchick).
+- CLI: validate skill slugs used for filesystem operations (prevents path traversal) (#241) (thanks @superlowburn).
+- Skills: keep global sorting across pagination on `/skills` (thanks @CodeBBakGoSu, #98).
+- Skills: allow updating skill description/summary from frontmatter on subsequent publishes (#312) (thanks @ianalloway).
+- Skills/Web: prevent filtered pagination dead-ends and loading-state flicker on `/skills`; move highlighted browse filtering into server list query (#339) (thanks @Marvae).
+- Web: align `/skills` total count with public visibility and format header count (thanks @rknoche6, #76).
+- Skills/Web: centralize public visibility checks and keep `globalStats` skill counts in sync incrementally; remove duplicate `/skills` default-sort fallback and share browse test mocks (thanks @rknoche6, #76).
+- Moderation: clear stale `flagged.suspicious` flags when VirusTotal rescans improve to clean verdicts (#418) (thanks @Phineas1500).
+- CLI: respect `HTTPS_PROXY`/`HTTP_PROXY`/`NO_PROXY` env vars for outbound registry requests, with troubleshooting docs (#363) (thanks @kerrypotter).
+- CLI: preserve registry base paths when composing API URLs for search/inspect/moderation commands (#486) (thanks @Liknox).
+- API tests: lock `Retry-After` behavior to relative-delay semantics for v1 search 429s (#421) (thanks @apoorvdarshan).
+- CLI tests: assert 5xx HTTP responses still perform retry attempts before surfacing final error (#457) (thanks @YonghaoZhao722).
+- GitHub import: improve storage/publish failure errors with actionable context; add regression tests for error formatting (#512) (thanks @vassiliylakhonin).
+- CLI: show manual URL guidance when automatic browser opening is unavailable; add regression tests for opener errors (#163) (thanks @aronchick).
+- API/CLI: expose skill security status in version inspect output, with schema wiring and CLI regression coverage (#362) (thanks @abutbul).
+
+## 0.6.1 - 2026-02-13
+
+### Added
+- Security: add LLM-based security evaluation during skill publish.
+- Parsing: recognize `metadata.openclaw` frontmatter and evaluate all skill files for requirements.
+
+### Changed
+- Performance: lazy-load Monaco diff viewer on demand (thanks @alexjcm, #212).
+- Search: improve recall/ranking with lexical fallback and relevance prioritization.
+- Moderation UX: collapse OpenClaw analysis by default; update spacing and default reasoning model.
+
+### Fixed
+- Skills: fix initial `/skills` sort wiring so first page respects selected sort/direction (thanks @bpk9, #92).
+- Search/UI: add embedding request timeout and align `/skills` toolbar + list width (thanks @GhadiSaab, #53).
+- Upload gate: handle GitHub API rate limits and optional authenticated lookup token (thanks @superlowburn, #246).
+- HTTP: remove `allowH2` from Undici agent to prevent `fetch failed` on Node.js 22+ (#245).
+- Tests: add root `undici` dev dependency for Node E2E imports (thanks @tanujbhaud, #255).
+- Downloads: add download rate limiting + per-IP/day dedupe + scheduled dedupe pruning; preserve moderation gating and deterministic zips (thanks @regenrek, #43).
+- VirusTotal: fix scan sync race conditions and retry behavior in scan/backfill paths.
+- Metadata: tolerate trailing commas in JSON metadata.
+- Auth: allow soft-deleted users to re-authenticate on fresh login, while keeping banned users blocked (thanks @tanujbhaud, #177).
+- Web: prevent horizontal overflow from long code blocks in skill pages (thanks @bewithgaurav, #183).
+
+## 0.6.0 - 2026-02-10
+### Added
+- CLI/API: add `set-role` to change user roles (admin only).
+- Security: quarantine skill publishes with VirusTotal scans + UI (thanks @aleph8, #130).
+- Testing: add tests for badges, skillZip, uploadFiles expandDroppedItems, and ark schema error truncation.
+- Moderation: add ban reasons to API/CLI and show in management UI.
+
+### Changed
+- Coverage: track `convex/lib/skillZip.ts` in coverage reports.
+
+### Fixed
+- Web: show pending-scan skills to owners without 404 (thanks @orlyjamie, #136).
+- Users: backfill empty handles from name/email in ensure (thanks @adlai88, #158).
+- Web: update footer branding to OpenClaw (thanks @jontsai, #122).
+- Auth: restore soft-deleted users on reauth, block banned users (thanks @mkrokosz, #106).
+
+## 0.5.0 - 2026-02-02
+
+### Added
+- Admin: ban users and delete owned skills from management console.
+- Moderation: auto-hide skills after 4 unique reports; per-user report cap; moderators can ban users.
+- Uploads: require GitHub accounts to be at least 7 days old for skill + soul publish/import.
+- CLI: add `inspect` to fetch skill metadata/files without installing.
+- CLI: add moderation commands for hide/unhide/delete and ban users.
+- Management: add filters for reported skills and users.
+
+### Changed
+- Deps: update dependencies to latest available versions.
+- Reporting: require reasons, show them in management console, warn about abuse bans.
+
+### Fixed
+- Bans: batch hard-delete cleanup to avoid Convex read limits on large skills.

 ## 0.4.0 - 2026-01-30

 ### Added
 - Web: show published skills on user profiles (thanks @njoylab, #20).
- CLI: include OpenClaw + Moltbot fallback skill roots for sync scans.
+- CLI: include ClawHub + Moltbot fallback skill roots for sync scans.
 - CLI: support OpenClaw configuration files (`OPENCLAW_CONFIG_PATH` / `OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR`).

 ### Changed
- Brand: rebrand to OpenClaw and publish CLI as `clawhub` (legacy `clawdhub` supported).
+- Brand: rebrand to ClawHub and publish CLI as `clawhub` (legacy `clawdhub` supported).
 - Domain: default site/registry now `https://clawhub.ai`; `.well-known/clawhub.json` preferred.
 - Theme: persist theme under `clawhub-theme` (legacy key still read).

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+# Contributing to ClawHub
+
+Welcome! ClawHub is the public skill registry for [OpenClaw](https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw). We appreciate bug fixes, documentation improvements, and feature contributions.
+
+- **Questions?** Ask in [#clawhub on Discord](https://discord.gg/clawd).
+- **Bug fixes** — PRs are welcome.
+- **New features or architectural changes** — please start with a Discord conversation in #clawhub first so we can align on scope.
+
+## Local Development Setup
+
+### Prerequisites
+
+- [Bun](https://bun.sh/) (Convex CLI runs via `bunx`, no global install needed)
+
+### Install and configure
+
+```bash
+bun install
+cp .env.local.example .env.local
+```
+
+Edit `.env.local` with the following values for **local Convex**:
+
+```bash
+# Frontend
+VITE_CONVEX_URL=http://127.0.0.1:3210
+VITE_CONVEX_SITE_URL=http://127.0.0.1:3210
+SITE_URL=http://localhost:3000
+CONVEX_SITE_URL=http://127.0.0.1:3210
+
+# Deployment used by `bunx convex dev`
+CONVEX_DEPLOYMENT=anonymous:anonymous-clawhub
+```
+
+### GitHub OAuth App (for login)
+
+1. Go to [github.com/settings/developers](https://github.com/settings/developers) and create a new OAuth App.
+2. Set **Homepage URL** to `http://localhost:3000`.
+3. Set **Authorization callback URL** to `http://127.0.0.1:3210/api/auth/callback/github`.
+4. Copy the Client ID and generate a Client Secret, then add them to `.env.local`:
+
+```bash
+AUTH_GITHUB_ID=<your-client-id>
+AUTH_GITHUB_SECRET=<your-client-secret>
+```
+
+### JWT keys (for Convex Auth)
+
+Generate the signing keys:
+
+```bash
+bunx @convex-dev/auth
+```
+
+This outputs `JWT_PRIVATE_KEY` and `JWKS` values — paste them into `.env.local`.
+
+### Run the app
+
+```bash
+# Terminal A: local Convex backend
+bunx convex dev
+
+# Terminal B: frontend (port 3000)
+bun run dev
+```
+
+### Seed the database
+
+Populate sample data so the UI isn't empty:
+
+```bash
+# 3 sample skills (padel, gohome, xuezh)
+bunx convex run --no-push devSeed:seedNixSkills
+
+# 50 extra skills for pagination testing (optional)
+bunx convex run --no-push devSeedExtra:seedExtraSkillsInternal
+```
+
+To reset and re-seed:
+
+```bash
+bunx convex run --no-push devSeed:seedNixSkills '{"reset": true}'
+```
+
+### Optional environment variables
+
+These features degrade gracefully without their keys:
+
+| Variable | Purpose |
+|----------|---------|
+| `OPENAI_API_KEY` | Embeddings and vector search (falls back to zero vectors) |
+| `VT_API_KEY` | VirusTotal malware scanning |
+| `DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL` | Discord notifications |
+| `GITHUB_APP_ID` / `GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY` / `GITHUB_APP_INSTALLATION_ID` | GitHub backup sync |
+
+## CLI Development
+
+The CLI source lives in [`packages/clawdhub/`](packages/clawdhub/). Both `clawhub` and `clawdhub` are registered as bin aliases.
+
+To test the CLI against your local instance:
+
+```bash
+CLAWHUB_REGISTRY=http://127.0.0.1:3210 CLAWHUB_SITE=http://localhost:3000 clawhub search "padel"
+```
+
+Manual smoke tests are documented in [`docs/manual-testing.md`](docs/manual-testing.md).
+
+## Skill & Soul Publishing
+
+- Skill format reference: [`docs/skill-format.md`](docs/skill-format.md)
+- Soul format reference: [`docs/soul-format.md`](docs/soul-format.md)
+- End-to-end walkthrough (search, install, publish, sync): [`docs/quickstart.md`](docs/quickstart.md)
+
+Quick publish:
+
+```bash
+clawhub publish <path-to-skill-directory>
+```
+
+## Before Submitting a PR
+
+```bash
+bun run lint       # oxlint
+bun run test       # Vitest (80% coverage threshold)
+bun run build      # Vite + Nitro
+```
+
+These are the same checks that run in CI (`.github/workflows/ci.yml`).
+
+**PR guidelines:**
+
+- Keep PRs focused — one concern per PR.
+- Use [Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/): `feat:`, `fix:`, `chore:`, `docs:`, etc.
+- Include test commands and screenshots for UI changes.
+- Write a clear description of what changed and why.
+
+## AI-Generated Code
+
+AI-assisted contributions are welcome. When submitting AI-generated or AI-assisted code:
+
+- Note it in the PR description.
+- Describe the level of testing you applied.
+- Include prompts if useful for reviewers.
+- Confirm that you understand and can maintain the code.
+
+## Security Reporting
+
+Report vulnerabilities to **security@openclaw.ai** with:
+
+- Severity assessment
+- Technical reproduction steps
+- Suggested remediation
+
+See [`docs/security.md`](docs/security.md) for moderation and upload gating details.
+
+## Reading Order for New Contributors
+
+1. This file (local setup)
+2. [`docs/quickstart.md`](docs/quickstart.md) — end-to-end workflows
+3. [`docs/architecture.md`](docs/architecture.md) — system design
+4. [`docs/skill-format.md`](docs/skill-format.md) — skill structure
+5. [`docs/cli.md`](docs/cli.md) — CLI reference
+6. [`docs/http-api.md`](docs/http-api.md) — HTTP endpoints
+7. [`docs/auth.md`](docs/auth.md) — authentication
+8. [`docs/deploy.md`](docs/deploy.md) — deployment
+9. [`docs/troubleshooting.md`](docs/troubleshooting.md) — common issues
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-# OpenClaw
+<p align="center">
+  <img src="public/clawd-logo.png" alt="ClawHub" width="120">
+</p>
+
+<h1 align="center">ClawHub</h1>

 <p align="center">
  <a href="https://github.com/openclaw/clawhub/actions/workflows/ci.yml?branch=main"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/openclaw/clawhub/ci.yml?branch=main&style=for-the-badge" alt="CI status"></a>
@@ -6,15 +10,21 @@
  <a href="LICENSE"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-blue.svg?style=for-the-badge" alt="MIT License"></a>
 </p>

-OpenClaw is the **public skill registry for Clawdbot**: publish, version, and search text-based agent skills (a `SKILL.md` plus supporting files).
-It’s designed for fast browsing + a CLI-friendly API, with moderation hooks and vector search.
+ClawHub is the **public skill registry for Clawdbot**: publish, version, and search text-based agent skills (a `SKILL.md` plus supporting files).
+It's designed for fast browsing + a CLI-friendly API, with moderation hooks and vector search.

 onlycrabs.ai is the **SOUL.md registry**: publish and share system lore the same way you publish skills.

-Live: `https://clawhub.ai`
-onlycrabs.ai: `https://onlycrabs.ai`
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://clawhub.ai">ClawHub</a> ·
+  <a href="https://onlycrabs.ai">onlycrabs.ai</a> ·
+  <a href="VISION.md">Vision</a> ·
+  <a href="docs/README.md">Docs</a> ·
+  <a href="CONTRIBUTING.md">Contributing</a> ·
+  <a href="https://discord.gg/clawd">Discord</a>
+</p>

-## What you can do
+## What you can do with it

 - Browse skills + render their `SKILL.md`.
 - Publish new skill versions with changelogs + tags (including `latest`).
@@ -27,7 +37,7 @@ onlycrabs.ai: `https://onlycrabs.ai`

 - Entry point is host-based: `onlycrabs.ai`.
 - On the onlycrabs.ai host, the home page and nav default to souls.
- On OpenClaw, souls live under `/souls`.
+- On ClawHub, souls live under `/souls`.
 - Soul bundles only accept `SOUL.md` for now (no extra files).

 ## How it works (high level)
@@ -37,48 +47,65 @@ onlycrabs.ai: `https://onlycrabs.ai`
 - Search: OpenAI embeddings (`text-embedding-3-small`) + Convex vector search.
 - API schema + routes: `packages/schema` (`clawhub-schema`).

+## CLI
+
+Common CLI flows:
+
+- Auth: `clawhub login`, `clawhub whoami`
+- Discover: `clawhub search ...`, `clawhub explore`
+- Manage local installs: `clawhub install <slug>`, `clawhub uninstall <slug>`, `clawhub list`, `clawhub update --all`
+- Inspect without installing: `clawhub inspect <slug>`
+- Publish/sync: `clawhub publish <path>`, `clawhub sync`
+
+Docs: [`docs/quickstart.md`](docs/quickstart.md), [`docs/cli.md`](docs/cli.md).
+
+### Removal permissions
+
+- `clawhub uninstall <slug>` only removes a local install on your machine.
+- Uploaded registry skills use soft-delete/restore (`clawhub delete <slug>` / `clawhub undelete <slug>` or API equivalents).
+- Soft-delete/restore is allowed for the skill owner, moderators, and admins.
+- Hard delete is admin-only (management tools / ban flows).
+
+
 ## Telemetry

-OpenClaw tracks minimal **install telemetry** (to compute install counts) when you run `clawhub sync` while logged in.
+ClawHub tracks minimal **install telemetry** (to compute install counts) when you run `clawhub sync` while logged in.
 Disable via:

 ```bash
 export CLAWHUB_DISABLE_TELEMETRY=1
 ```

-Details: `docs/telemetry.md`.
+Details: [`docs/telemetry.md`](docs/telemetry.md).

 ## Repo layout

 - `src/` — TanStack Start app (routes, components, styles).
 - `convex/` — schema + queries/mutations/actions + HTTP API routes.
 - `packages/schema/` — shared API types/routes for the CLI and app.
- `docs/spec.md` — product + implementation spec (good first read).
+- [`docs/`](docs/README.md) — project documentation (architecture, CLI, auth, deployment, and more).
+- [`docs/spec.md`](docs/spec.md) — product + implementation spec (good first read).

 ## Local dev

-Prereqs: Bun + Convex CLI.
+Prereqs: [Bun](https://bun.sh/) (Convex runs via `bunx`, no global install needed).

 ```bash
 bun install
 cp .env.local.example .env.local
+# edit .env.local — see CONTRIBUTING.md for local Convex values

-# terminal A: web app
+# terminal A: local Convex backend
+bunx convex dev
+
+# terminal B: web app (port 3000)
 bun run dev

-# terminal B: Convex dev deployment
-bunx convex dev
+# seed sample data
+bunx convex run --no-push devSeed:seedNixSkills
 ```

-## Auth (GitHub OAuth) setup
-
-Create a GitHub OAuth App, set `AUTH_GITHUB_ID` / `AUTH_GITHUB_SECRET`, then:
-
-```bash
-bunx auth --deployment-name <deployment> --web-server-url http://localhost:3000
-```
-
-This writes `JWT_PRIVATE_KEY` + `JWKS` to the deployment and prints values for your local `.env.local`.
+For full setup instructions (env vars, GitHub OAuth, JWT keys, database seeding), see [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md).

 ## Environment

@@ -95,7 +122,7 @@ This writes `JWT_PRIVATE_KEY` + `JWKS` to the deployment and prints values for y

 ## Nix plugins (nixmode skills)

-OpenClaw can store a nix-clawdbot plugin pointer in SKILL frontmatter so the registry knows which
+ClawHub can store a nix-clawdbot plugin pointer in SKILL frontmatter so the registry knows which
 Nix package bundle to install. A nix plugin is different from a regular skill pack: it bundles the
 skill pack, the CLI binary, and its config flags/requirements together.

@@ -137,7 +164,30 @@ metadata: {"clawdbot":{"cliHelp":"padel --help\\nUsage: padel [command]\\n"}}
 ---
 ```

-`metadata.clawdbot` is preferred, but `metadata.clawdis` is accepted as an alias for compatibility.
+`metadata.clawdbot` is preferred, but `metadata.clawdis` and `metadata.openclaw` are accepted as aliases.
+
+## Skill metadata
+
+Skills declare their runtime requirements (env vars, binaries, install specs) in the `SKILL.md` frontmatter. ClawHub's security analysis checks these declarations against actual skill behavior.
+
+Full reference: [`docs/skill-format.md`](docs/skill-format.md#frontmatter-metadata)
+
+Quick example:
+
+```yaml
+---
+name: my-skill
+description: Does a thing with an API.
+metadata:
+  openclaw:
+    requires:
+      env:
+        - MY_API_KEY
+      bins:
+        - curl
+    primaryEnv: MY_API_KEY
+---
+```

 ## Scripts

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+## OpenClaw Vision
+
+OpenClaw is the AI that actually does things.
+It runs on your devices, in your channels, with your rules.
+
+This document explains the current state and direction of the project.
+We are still early, so iteration is fast.
+Project overview and developer docs: [`README.md`](README.md)
+
+OpenClaw started as my personal playground to learn AI and build something genuinely useful:
+an assistant that can run real tasks on my computer.
+It evolved through several names and shells: Warelay -> Clawdbot -> Moltbot -> OpenClaw.
+
+The goal? A personal assistant that's easy to use, supports a wide range of platforms, and respects your privacy and security.
+
+The current focus is:
+
+Priority:
+- Security and safe defaults
+- Bug fixes and stability
+- Setup reliability and first-run UX
+
+Next priorities:
+- Supporting all major model providers
+- Improving support for major messaging channels (and adding a few high-demand ones)
+- Performance and test infrastructure
+- Better computer-use and agent harness capabilities
+- Ergonomics across CLI and web frontend
+- Companion apps on macOS, iOS, Android, Windows, and Linux
+
+## Security
+
+Security in OpenClaw is a deliberate tradeoff: strong defaults without killing capability.
+The goal is to stay powerful for real work while making risky paths explicit and operator-controlled.
+
+Canonical security policy and reporting:
+- https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/blob/main/SECURITY.md
+
+We prioritize secure defaults, but we also expose clear knobs for trusted high-power workflows.
+
+## Plugins & Memory
+
+OpenClaw has an extensive plugin API.
+Core stays lean; optional capability should usually ship as plugins.
+
+Preferred plugin path is npm package distribution plus local extension loading for development.
+If you build a plugin, please host and maintain it in your own repository.
+The bar for adding optional plugins to core is intentionally high.
+
+Memory is a special plugin slot where only one memory plugin can be active at a time.
+Today we ship multiple memory options; over time we plan to converge on one recommended default path.
+
+### Skills
+
+We still ship some bundled skills for baseline UX.
+New skills should be published to ClawHub first (`clawhub.ai`), not added to core by default.
+Core skill additions should be rare and require a strong product or security reason.
+
+### MCP Support
+
+OpenClaw supports MCP through `mcporter`: https://github.com/steipete/mcporter
+
+This keeps MCP integration flexible and decoupled from core runtime:
+- add or change MCP servers without restarting the gateway
+- keep core tool/context surface lean
+- reduce MCP churn impact on core stability and security
+
+For now, we prefer this bridge model over building first-class MCP runtime into core.
+If there is an MCP server or feature `mcporter` does not support yet, please open an issue there.
+
+### Setup
+
+OpenClaw is currently terminal-first by design.
+This keeps setup explicit: users see docs, auth, permissions, and security posture up front.
+
+Long term, we want easier onboarding flows as hardening matures.
+We do not want convenience wrappers that hide critical security decisions from users.
+
+### Why TypeScript?
+
+OpenClaw is primarily an orchestration system: prompts, tools, protocols, and integrations.
+TypeScript was chosen to keep OpenClaw hackable by default.
+It is widely known, fast to iterate in, and easy to read, modify, and extend.
+
+## What We Will Not Merge (For Now)
+
+- New core skills when they can live on ClawHub
+- Commercial service integrations that do not clearly fit the model-provider category
+- Wrapper channels around already supported channels without a clear capability or security gap
+- First-class MCP runtime in core when `mcporter` already provides the integration path
+- Heavy orchestration layers that duplicate existing agent and tool infrastructure
+
+This list is a roadmap guardrail, not a law of physics.
+Strong user demand and strong technical rationale can change it.
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "$schema": "https://biomejs.dev/schemas/2.3.13/schema.json",
-  "files": {
-    "includes": [
-      "**",
-      "!**/.cta.json",
-      "!**/.vscode",
-      "!**/node_modules",
-      "!**/dist",
-      "!**/.output",
-      "!**/coverage",
-      "!**/convex/_generated",
-      "!**/test-results",
-      "!**/src/routeTree.gen.ts",
-      "!**/.tanstack",
-      "!**/public",
-      "!**/.devenv",
-      "!**/.devenv"
-    ]
-  },
-  "assist": { "actions": { "source": { "organizeImports": "on" } } },
-  "formatter": {
-    "enabled": true,
-    "indentStyle": "space",
-    "indentWidth": 2,
-    "lineWidth": 100
-  },
-  "linter": {
-    "enabled": true,
-    "rules": {
-      "recommended": true
-    }
-  },
-  "javascript": {
-    "formatter": {
-      "quoteStyle": "single",
-      "semicolons": "asNeeded",
-      "trailingCommas": "all"
-    }
-  }
-}
@@ -15,55 +15,55 @@
        "@radix-ui/react-toggle-group": "^1.1.11",
        "@resvg/resvg-wasm": "^2.6.2",
        "@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.1.18",
-        "@tanstack/react-devtools": "^0.9.2",
-        "@tanstack/react-router": "^1.151.6",
-        "@tanstack/react-router-devtools": "^1.151.6",
-        "@tanstack/react-start": "^1.152.0",
-        "@tanstack/router-plugin": "^1.151.6",
+        "@tanstack/react-devtools": "^0.9.4",
+        "@tanstack/react-router": "^1.157.18",
+        "@tanstack/react-router-devtools": "^1.157.18",
+        "@tanstack/react-start": "^1.157.18",
+        "@tanstack/router-plugin": "^1.157.18",
        "@vercel/analytics": "^1.6.1",
        "clawhub-schema": "workspace:*",
        "clsx": "^2.1.1",
-        "convex": "^1.31.6",
-        "convex-helpers": "^0.1.111",
+        "convex": "^1.31.7",
        "fflate": "^0.8.2",
-        "h3": "2.0.1-rc.8",
-        "lucide-react": "^0.562.0",
+        "h3": "2.0.1-rc.11",
+        "lucide-react": "^0.563.0",
        "monaco-editor": "^0.55.1",
-        "nitro": "^3.0.1-alpha.1",
-        "react": "^19.2.3",
-        "react-dom": "^19.2.3",
+        "nitro": "^3.0.1-alpha.2",
+        "react": "^19.2.4",
+        "react-dom": "^19.2.4",
        "react-markdown": "^10.1.0",
        "remark-gfm": "^4.0.1",
        "semver": "^7.7.3",
        "tailwind-merge": "^3.4.0",
        "tailwindcss": "^4.1.18",
-        "vite-tsconfig-paths": "^6.0.4",
+        "vite-tsconfig-paths": "^6.0.5",
        "yaml": "^2.8.2",
      },
      "devDependencies": {
-        "@biomejs/biome": "^2.3.11",
-        "@playwright/test": "^1.57.0",
-        "@tanstack/devtools-vite": "^0.4.1",
+        "@playwright/test": "^1.58.1",
+        "@tanstack/devtools-vite": "^0.5.0",
        "@testing-library/dom": "^10.4.1",
-        "@testing-library/react": "^16.3.1",
-        "@types/node": "^25.0.9",
-        "@types/react": "^19.2.8",
+        "@testing-library/react": "^16.3.2",
+        "@types/node": "^25.2.0",
+        "@types/react": "^19.2.10",
        "@types/react-dom": "^19.2.3",
        "@types/semver": "^7.7.1",
        "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^5.1.2",
-        "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^4.0.17",
-        "jsdom": "^27.4.0",
-        "only-allow": "^1.2.1",
-        "oxlint": "^1.39.0",
-        "oxlint-tsgolint": "^0.11.1",
+        "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^4.0.18",
+        "jsdom": "^28.0.0",
+        "only-allow": "^1.2.2",
+        "oxfmt": "0.32.0",
+        "oxlint": "^1.42.0",
+        "oxlint-tsgolint": "^0.11.4",
        "typescript": "^5.9.3",
+        "undici": "^7.19.2",
        "vite": "^7.3.1",
-        "vitest": "^4.0.17",
+        "vitest": "^4.0.18",
      },
    },
    "packages/clawdhub": {
      "name": "clawhub",
-      "version": "0.4.0",
+      "version": "0.7.0",
      "bin": {
        "clawhub": "bin/clawdhub.js",
        "clawdhub": "bin/clawdhub.js",
@@ -158,24 +158,6 @@

    "@bcoe/v8-coverage": ["@bcoe/v8-coverage@1.0.2", "", {}, "sha512-6zABk/ECA/QYSCQ1NGiVwwbQerUCZ+TQbp64Q3AgmfNvurHH0j8TtXa1qbShXA6qqkpAj4V5W8pP6mLe1mcMqA=="],

-    "@biomejs/biome": ["@biomejs/biome@2.3.13", "", { "optionalDependencies": { "@biomejs/cli-darwin-arm64": "2.3.13", "@biomejs/cli-darwin-x64": "2.3.13", "@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64": "2.3.13", "@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64-musl": "2.3.13", "@biomejs/cli-linux-x64": "2.3.13", "@biomejs/cli-linux-x64-musl": "2.3.13", "@biomejs/cli-win32-arm64": "2.3.13", "@biomejs/cli-win32-x64": "2.3.13" }, "bin": { "biome": "bin/biome" } }, "sha512-Fw7UsV0UAtWIBIm0M7g5CRerpu1eKyKAXIazzxhbXYUyMkwNrkX/KLkGI7b+uVDQ5cLUMfOC9vR60q9IDYDstA=="],
-
-    "@biomejs/cli-darwin-arm64": ["@biomejs/cli-darwin-arm64@2.3.13", "", { "os": "darwin", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-0OCwP0/BoKzyJHnFdaTk/i7hIP9JHH9oJJq6hrSCPmJPo8JWcJhprK4gQlhFzrwdTBAW4Bjt/RmCf3ZZe59gwQ=="],
-
-    "@biomejs/cli-darwin-x64": ["@biomejs/cli-darwin-x64@2.3.13", "", { "os": "darwin", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-AGr8OoemT/ejynbIu56qeil2+F2WLkIjn2d8jGK1JkchxnMUhYOfnqc9sVzcRxpG9Ycvw4weQ5sprRvtb7Yhcw=="],
-
-    "@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64": ["@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64@2.3.13", "", { "os": "linux", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-xvOiFkrDNu607MPMBUQ6huHmBG1PZLOrqhtK6pXJW3GjfVqJg0Z/qpTdhXfcqWdSZHcT+Nct2fOgewZvytESkw=="],
-
-    "@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64-musl": ["@biomejs/cli-linux-arm64-musl@2.3.13", "", { "os": "linux", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-TUdDCSY+Eo/EHjhJz7P2GnWwfqet+lFxBZzGHldrvULr59AgahamLs/N85SC4+bdF86EhqDuuw9rYLvLFWWlXA=="],
-
-    "@biomejs/cli-linux-x64": ["@biomejs/cli-linux-x64@2.3.13", "", { "os": "linux", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-s+YsZlgiXNq8XkgHs6xdvKDFOj/bwTEevqEY6rC2I3cBHbxXYU1LOZstH3Ffw9hE5tE1sqT7U23C00MzkXztMw=="],
-
-    "@biomejs/cli-linux-x64-musl": ["@biomejs/cli-linux-x64-musl@2.3.13", "", { "os": "linux", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-0bdwFVSbbM//Sds6OjtnmQGp4eUjOTt6kHvR/1P0ieR9GcTUAlPNvPC3DiavTqq302W34Ae2T6u5VVNGuQtGlQ=="],
-
-    "@biomejs/cli-win32-arm64": ["@biomejs/cli-win32-arm64@2.3.13", "", { "os": "win32", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-QweDxY89fq0VvrxME+wS/BXKmqMrOTZlN9SqQ79kQSIc3FrEwvW/PvUegQF6XIVaekncDykB5dzPqjbwSKs9DA=="],
-
-    "@biomejs/cli-win32-x64": ["@biomejs/cli-win32-x64@2.3.13", "", { "os": "win32", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-trDw2ogdM2lyav9WFQsdsfdVy1dvZALymRpgmWsvSez0BJzBjulhOT/t+wyKeh3pZWvwP3VMs1SoOKwO3wecMQ=="],
-
    "@clack/core": ["@clack/core@0.5.0", "", { "dependencies": { "picocolors": "^1.0.0", "sisteransi": "^1.0.5" } }, "sha512-p3y0FIOwaYRUPRcMO7+dlmLh8PSRcrjuTndsiA0WAFbWES0mLZlrjVoBRZ9DzkPFJZG6KGkJmoEAY0ZcVWTkow=="],

    "@clack/prompts": ["@clack/prompts@0.11.0", "", { "dependencies": { "@clack/core": "0.5.0", "picocolors": "^1.0.0", "sisteransi": "^1.0.5" } }, "sha512-pMN5FcrEw9hUkZA4f+zLlzivQSeQf5dRGJjSUbvVYDLvpKCdQx5OaknvKzgbtXOizhP+SJJJjqEbOe55uKKfAw=="],
@@ -252,7 +234,7 @@

    "@esbuild/win32-x64": ["@esbuild/win32-x64@0.27.2", "", { "os": "win32", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-sRdU18mcKf7F+YgheI/zGf5alZatMUTKj/jNS6l744f9u3WFu4v7twcUI9vu4mknF4Y9aDlblIie0IM+5xxaqQ=="],

-    "@exodus/bytes": ["@exodus/bytes@1.10.0", "", { "peerDependencies": { "@noble/hashes": "^1.8.0 || ^2.0.0" }, "optionalPeers": ["@noble/hashes"] }, "sha512-tf8YdcbirXdPnJ+Nd4UN1EXnz+IP2DI45YVEr3vvzcVTOyrApkmIB4zvOQVd3XPr7RXnfBtAx+PXImXOIU0Ajg=="],
+    "@exodus/bytes": ["@exodus/bytes@1.11.0", "", { "peerDependencies": { "@noble/hashes": "^1.8.0 || ^2.0.0" }, "optionalPeers": ["@noble/hashes"] }, "sha512-wO3vd8nsEHdumsXrjGO/v4p6irbg7hy9kvIeR6i2AwylZSk4HJdWgL0FNaVquW1+AweJcdvU1IEpuIWk/WaPnA=="],

    "@floating-ui/core": ["@floating-ui/core@1.7.4", "", { "dependencies": { "@floating-ui/utils": "^0.2.10" } }, "sha512-C3HlIdsBxszvm5McXlB8PeOEWfBhcGBTZGkGlWc2U0KFY5IwG5OQEuQ8rq52DZmcHDlPLd+YFBK+cZcytwIFWg=="],

@@ -380,17 +362,55 @@

    "@oxc-transform/binding-win32-x64-msvc": ["@oxc-transform/binding-win32-x64-msvc@0.110.0", "", { "os": "win32", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-QROrowwlrApI1fEScMknGWKM6GTM/Z2xwMnDqvSaEmzNazBsDUlE08Jasw610hFEsYAVU2K5sp/YaCa9ORdP4A=="],

-    "@oxlint-tsgolint/darwin-arm64": ["@oxlint-tsgolint/darwin-arm64@0.11.3", "", { "os": "darwin", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-FU4e+w09D+2rkCVdL7I7zMuQOJ2tuapVhBGPGY66VAct2FUwFDVmgU+rNJ2hHIdc9uHg24v+FD8PcfFYpask8Q=="],
+    "@oxfmt/binding-android-arm-eabi": ["@oxfmt/binding-android-arm-eabi@0.32.0", "", { "os": "android", "cpu": "arm" }, "sha512-DpVyuVzgLH6/MvuB/YD3vXO9CN/o9EdRpA0zXwe/tagP6yfVSFkFWkPqTROdqp0mlzLH5Yl+/m+hOrcM601EbA=="],

-    "@oxlint-tsgolint/darwin-x64": ["@oxlint-tsgolint/darwin-x64@0.11.3", "", { "os": "darwin", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-7sm1d920HfFsC3hIP7SJVm11WhYufA8qnLQQVk7odTpSzVUAT1jtG8LdfFigzgb38zHszQbsqJ7OjAgIW/OgmA=="],
+    "@oxfmt/binding-android-arm64": ["@oxfmt/binding-android-arm64@0.32.0", "", { "os": "android", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-w1cmNXf9zs0vKLuNgyUF3hZ9VUAS1hBmQGndYJv1OmcVqStBtRTRNxSWkWM0TMkrA9UbvIvM9gfN+ib4Wy6lkQ=="],

-    "@oxlint-tsgolint/linux-arm64": ["@oxlint-tsgolint/linux-arm64@0.11.3", "", { "os": "linux", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-eoJfdmHcpG9k8fufb8yL3rC3HC6QELoTEfs56lmGaRIHHmd1aj4MWDbGCqdRqPEp7oC5fVvFxi7wDkA1MDf99Q=="],
+    "@oxfmt/binding-darwin-arm64": ["@oxfmt/binding-darwin-arm64@0.32.0", "", { "os": "darwin", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-m6wQojz/hn94XdZugFPtdFbOvXbOSYEqPsR2gyLyID3BvcrC2QsJyT1o3gb4BZEGtZrG1NiKVGwDRLM0dHd2mg=="],

-    "@oxlint-tsgolint/linux-x64": ["@oxlint-tsgolint/linux-x64@0.11.3", "", { "os": "linux", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-t7jGK0vBApuAGvOnCPTxsdX+1e9nMdvqU3zHCJWQ7yUDaJxki0bCy4zbKfUgVo8ePeVRgIKWwqLFBOVTXQ5AMQ=="],
+    "@oxfmt/binding-darwin-x64": ["@oxfmt/binding-darwin-x64@0.32.0", "", { "os": "darwin", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-hN966Uh6r3Erkg2MvRcrJWaB6QpBzP15rxWK/QtkUyD47eItJLsAQ2Hrm88zMIpFZ3COXZLuN3hqgSlUtvB0Xw=="],

-    "@oxlint-tsgolint/win32-arm64": ["@oxlint-tsgolint/win32-arm64@0.11.3", "", { "os": "win32", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-6ellG0zcWnj2b6Mr7fl19x+nlFIWGWoKCBlYnqNZ4CaziRYGpYx7PLwHhPJq331w7zzRRSnYqhyTrVluYjZADQ=="],
+    "@oxfmt/binding-freebsd-x64": ["@oxfmt/binding-freebsd-x64@0.32.0", "", { "os": "freebsd", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-g5UZPGt8tJj263OfSiDGdS54HPa0KgFfspLVAUivVSdoOgsk6DkwVS9nO16xQTDztzBPGxTvrby8WuufF0g86Q=="],

-    "@oxlint-tsgolint/win32-x64": ["@oxlint-tsgolint/win32-x64@0.11.3", "", { "os": "win32", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-rzvfaRJPK9eRYVWMXCt8JtvOsVFAsqScgsFhnXzsipU6W1Te0g+b4q068o7hZ3NRTjJxNgFJj8ayOkZ6NbX0tA=="],
+    "@oxfmt/binding-linux-arm-gnueabihf": ["@oxfmt/binding-linux-arm-gnueabihf@0.32.0", "", { "os": "linux", "cpu": "arm" }, "sha512-F4ZY83/PVQo9ZJhtzoMqbmjqEyTVEZjbaw4x1RhzdfUhddB41ZB2Vrt4eZi7b4a4TP85gjPRHgQBeO0c1jbtaw=="],
+
+    "@oxfmt/binding-linux-arm-musleabihf": ["@oxfmt/binding-linux-arm-musleabihf@0.32.0", "", { "os": "linux", "cpu": "arm" }, "sha512-olR37eG16Lzdj9OBSvuoT5RxzgM5xfQEHm1OEjB3M7Wm4KWa5TDWIT13Aiy74GvAN77Hq1+kUKcGVJ/0ynf75g=="],
+
+    "@oxfmt/binding-linux-arm64-gnu": ["@oxfmt/binding-linux-arm64-gnu@0.32.0", "", { "os": "linux", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-eZhk6AIjRCDeLoXYBhMW7qq/R1YyVi+tGnGfc3kp7AZQrMsFaWtP/bgdCJCTNXMpbMwymtVz0qhSQvR5w2sKcg=="],
+
+    "@oxfmt/binding-linux-arm64-musl": ["@oxfmt/binding-linux-arm64-musl@0.32.0", "", { "os": "linux", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-UYiqO9MlipntFbdbUKOIo84vuyzrK4TVIs7Etat91WNMFSW54F6OnHq08xa5ZM+K9+cyYMgQPXvYCopuP+LyKw=="],
+
+    "@oxfmt/binding-linux-ppc64-gnu": ["@oxfmt/binding-linux-ppc64-gnu@0.32.0", "", { "os": "linux", "cpu": "ppc64" }, "sha512-IDH/fxMv+HmKsMtsjEbXqhScCKDIYp38sgGEcn0QKeXMxrda67PPZA7HMfoUwEtFUG+jsO1XJxTrQsL+kQ90xQ=="],
+
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+    "oxfmt": ["oxfmt@0.32.0", "", { "dependencies": { "tinypool": "2.1.0" }, "optionalDependencies": { "@oxfmt/binding-android-arm-eabi": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-android-arm64": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-darwin-arm64": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-darwin-x64": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-freebsd-x64": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-linux-arm-gnueabihf": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-linux-arm-musleabihf": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-linux-arm64-gnu": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-linux-arm64-musl": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-linux-ppc64-gnu": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-linux-riscv64-gnu": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-linux-riscv64-musl": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-linux-s390x-gnu": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-linux-x64-gnu": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-linux-x64-musl": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-openharmony-arm64": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-win32-arm64-msvc": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-win32-ia32-msvc": "0.32.0", "@oxfmt/binding-win32-x64-msvc": "0.32.0" }, "bin": { "oxfmt": "bin/oxfmt" } }, "sha512-KArQhGzt/Y8M1eSAX98Y8DLtGYYDQhkR55THUPY5VNcpFQ+9nRZkL3ULXhagHMD2hIvjy8JSeEQEP5/yYJSrLA=="],
+
    "oxlint": ["oxlint@1.42.0", "", { "optionalDependencies": { "@oxlint/darwin-arm64": "1.42.0", "@oxlint/darwin-x64": "1.42.0", "@oxlint/linux-arm64-gnu": "1.42.0", "@oxlint/linux-arm64-musl": "1.42.0", "@oxlint/linux-x64-gnu": "1.42.0", "@oxlint/linux-x64-musl": "1.42.0", "@oxlint/win32-arm64": "1.42.0", "@oxlint/win32-x64": "1.42.0" }, "peerDependencies": { "oxlint-tsgolint": ">=0.11.2" }, "optionalPeers": ["oxlint-tsgolint"], "bin": { "oxlint": "bin/oxlint" } }, "sha512-qnspC/lrp8FgKNaONLLn14dm+W5t0SSlus6V5NJpgI2YNT1tkFYZt4fBf14ESxf9AAh98WBASnW5f0gtw462Lg=="],

-    "oxlint-tsgolint": ["oxlint-tsgolint@0.11.3", "", { "optionalDependencies": { "@oxlint-tsgolint/darwin-arm64": "0.11.3", "@oxlint-tsgolint/darwin-x64": "0.11.3", "@oxlint-tsgolint/linux-arm64": "0.11.3", "@oxlint-tsgolint/linux-x64": "0.11.3", "@oxlint-tsgolint/win32-arm64": "0.11.3", "@oxlint-tsgolint/win32-x64": "0.11.3" }, "bin": { "tsgolint": "bin/tsgolint.js" } }, "sha512-zkuGXJzE5WIoGQ6CHG3GbxncPNrvUG9giTKdXMqKrlieCRxa9hGMvMJM+7DFxKSaryVAEFrTQJNrGJHpeMmFPg=="],
+    "oxlint-tsgolint": ["oxlint-tsgolint@0.11.4", "", { "optionalDependencies": { "@oxlint-tsgolint/darwin-arm64": "0.11.4", "@oxlint-tsgolint/darwin-x64": "0.11.4", "@oxlint-tsgolint/linux-arm64": "0.11.4", "@oxlint-tsgolint/linux-x64": "0.11.4", "@oxlint-tsgolint/win32-arm64": "0.11.4", "@oxlint-tsgolint/win32-x64": "0.11.4" }, "bin": { "tsgolint": "bin/tsgolint.js" } }, "sha512-VyQc+69TxQwUdsEPiVFN7vNZdDVO/FHaEcHltnWs3O6rvwxv67uADlknQQO714sbRdEahOjgO5dFf+K9ili0gg=="],

    "p-retry": ["p-retry@7.1.1", "", { "dependencies": { "is-network-error": "^1.1.0" } }, "sha512-J5ApzjyRkkf601HpEeykoiCvzHQjWxPAHhyjFcEUP2SWq0+35NKh8TLhpLw+Dkq5TZBFvUM6UigdE9hIVYTl5w=="],

@@ -1146,9 +1166,9 @@

    "picomatch": ["picomatch@4.0.3", "", {}, "sha512-5gTmgEY/sqK6gFXLIsQNH19lWb4ebPDLA4SdLP7dsWkIXHWlG66oPuVvXSGFPppYZz8ZDZq0dYYrbHfBCVUb1Q=="],

-    "playwright": ["playwright@1.58.0", "", { "dependencies": { "playwright-core": "1.58.0" }, "optionalDependencies": { "fsevents": "2.3.2" }, "bin": { "playwright": "cli.js" } }, "sha512-2SVA0sbPktiIY/MCOPX8e86ehA/e+tDNq+e5Y8qjKYti2Z/JG7xnronT/TXTIkKbYGWlCbuucZ6dziEgkoEjQQ=="],
+    "playwright": ["playwright@1.58.1", "", { "dependencies": { "playwright-core": "1.58.1" }, "optionalDependencies": { "fsevents": "2.3.2" }, "bin": { "playwright": "cli.js" } }, "sha512-+2uTZHxSCcxjvGc5C891LrS1/NlxglGxzrC4seZiVjcYVQfUa87wBL6rTDqzGjuoWNjnBzRqKmF6zRYGMvQUaQ=="],

-    "playwright-core": ["playwright-core@1.58.0", "", { "bin": { "playwright-core": "cli.js" } }, "sha512-aaoB1RWrdNi3//rOeKuMiS65UCcgOVljU46At6eFcOFPFHWtd2weHRRow6z/n+Lec0Lvu0k9ZPKJSjPugikirw=="],
+    "playwright-core": ["playwright-core@1.58.1", "", { "bin": { "playwright-core": "cli.js" } }, "sha512-bcWzOaTxcW+VOOGBCQgnaKToLJ65d6AqfLVKEWvexyS3AS6rbXl+xdpYRMGSRBClPvyj44njOWoxjNdL/H9UNg=="],

    "postcss": ["postcss@8.5.6", "", { "dependencies": { "nanoid": "^3.3.11", "picocolors": "^1.1.1", "source-map-js": "^1.2.1" } }, "sha512-3Ybi1tAuwAP9s0r1UQ2J4n5Y0G05bJkpUIO0/bI9MhwmD70S5aTWbXGBwxHrelT+XM1k6dM0pk+SwNkpTRN7Pg=="],

@@ -1272,6 +1292,8 @@

    "tinyglobby": ["tinyglobby@0.2.15", "", { "dependencies": { "fdir": "^6.5.0", "picomatch": "^4.0.3" } }, "sha512-j2Zq4NyQYG5XMST4cbs02Ak8iJUdxRM0XI5QyxXuZOzKOINmWurp3smXu3y5wDcJrptwpSjgXHzIQxR0omXljQ=="],

+    "tinypool": ["tinypool@2.1.0", "", {}, "sha512-Pugqs6M0m7Lv1I7FtxN4aoyToKg1C4tu+/381vH35y8oENM/Ai7f7C4StcoK4/+BSw9ebcS8jRiVrORFKCALLw=="],
+
    "tinyrainbow": ["tinyrainbow@3.0.3", "", {}, "sha512-PSkbLUoxOFRzJYjjxHJt9xro7D+iilgMX/C9lawzVuYiIdcihh9DXmVibBe8lmcFrRi/VzlPjBxbN7rH24q8/Q=="],

    "tldts": ["tldts@7.0.19", "", { "dependencies": { "tldts-core": "^7.0.19" }, "bin": { "tldts": "bin/cli.js" } }, "sha512-8PWx8tvC4jDB39BQw1m4x8y5MH1BcQ5xHeL2n7UVFulMPH/3Q0uiamahFJ3lXA0zO2SUyRXuVVbWSDmstlt9YA=="],
@@ -1298,7 +1320,7 @@

    "ufo": ["ufo@1.6.3", "", {}, "sha512-yDJTmhydvl5lJzBmy/hyOAA0d+aqCBuwl818haVdYCRrWV84o7YyeVm4QlVHStqNrrJSTb6jKuFAVqAFsr+K3Q=="],

-    "undici": ["undici@7.19.2", "", {}, "sha512-4VQSpGEGsWzk0VYxyB/wVX/Q7qf9t5znLRgs0dzszr9w9Fej/8RVNQ+S20vdXSAyra/bJ7ZQfGv6ZMj7UEbzSg=="],
+    "undici": ["undici@7.20.0", "", {}, "sha512-MJZrkjyd7DeC+uPZh+5/YaMDxFiiEEaDgbUSVMXayofAkDWF1088CDo+2RPg7B1BuS1qf1vgNE7xqwPxE0DuSQ=="],

    "undici-types": ["undici-types@7.16.0", "", {}, "sha512-Zz+aZWSj8LE6zoxD+xrjh4VfkIG8Ya6LvYkZqtUQGJPZjYl53ypCaUwWqo7eI0x66KBGeRo+mlBEkMSeSZ38Nw=="],

@@ -1348,9 +1370,9 @@

    "whatwg-encoding": ["whatwg-encoding@3.1.1", "", { "dependencies": { "iconv-lite": "0.6.3" } }, "sha512-6qN4hJdMwfYBtE3YBTTHhoeuUrDBPZmbQaxWAqSALV/MeEnR5z1xd8UKud2RAkFoPkmB+hli1TZSnyi84xz1vQ=="],

-    "whatwg-mimetype": ["whatwg-mimetype@4.0.0", "", {}, "sha512-QaKxh0eNIi2mE9p2vEdzfagOKHCcj1pJ56EEHGQOVxp8r9/iszLUUV7v89x9O1p/T+NlTM5W7jW6+cz4Fq1YVg=="],
+    "whatwg-mimetype": ["whatwg-mimetype@5.0.0", "", {}, "sha512-sXcNcHOC51uPGF0P/D4NVtrkjSU2fNsm9iog4ZvZJsL3rjoDAzXZhkm2MWt1y+PUdggKAYVoMAIYcs78wJ51Cw=="],

-    "whatwg-url": ["whatwg-url@15.1.0", "", { "dependencies": { "tr46": "^6.0.0", "webidl-conversions": "^8.0.0" } }, "sha512-2ytDk0kiEj/yu90JOAp44PVPUkO9+jVhyf+SybKlRHSDlvOOZhdPIrr7xTH64l4WixO2cP+wQIcgujkGBPPz6g=="],
+    "whatwg-url": ["whatwg-url@16.0.0", "", { "dependencies": { "@exodus/bytes": "^1.11.0", "tr46": "^6.0.0", "webidl-conversions": "^8.0.1" } }, "sha512-9CcxtEKsf53UFwkSUZjG+9vydAsFO4lFHBpJUtjBcoJOCJpKnSJNwCw813zrYJHpCJ7sgfbtOe0V5Ku7Pa1XMQ=="],

    "which-pm-runs": ["which-pm-runs@1.1.0", "", {}, "sha512-n1brCuqClxfFfq/Rb0ICg9giSZqCS+pLtccdag6C2HyufBrh3fBOiy9nb6ggRMvWOVH5GrdJskj5iGTZNxd7SA=="],

@@ -1402,15 +1424,21 @@

    "cheerio/parse5": ["parse5@7.3.0", "", { "dependencies": { "entities": "^6.0.0" } }, "sha512-IInvU7fabl34qmi9gY8XOVxhYyMyuH2xUNpb2q8/Y+7552KlejkRvqvD19nMoUW/uQGGbqNpA6Tufu5FL5BZgw=="],

-    "convex/esbuild": ["esbuild@0.27.0", "", { "optionalDependencies": { "@esbuild/aix-ppc64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/android-arm": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/android-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/android-x64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/darwin-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/darwin-x64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/freebsd-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/freebsd-x64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-arm": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-ia32": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-loong64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-mips64el": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-ppc64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-riscv64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-s390x": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-x64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/netbsd-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/netbsd-x64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/openbsd-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/openbsd-x64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/openharmony-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/sunos-x64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/win32-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/win32-ia32": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/win32-x64": "0.27.0" }, "bin": { "esbuild": "bin/esbuild" } }, "sha512-jd0f4NHbD6cALCyGElNpGAOtWxSq46l9X/sWB0Nzd5er4Kz2YTm+Vl0qKFT9KUJvD8+fiO8AvoHhFvEatfVixA=="],
+    "cheerio/undici": ["undici@7.19.2", "", {}, "sha512-4VQSpGEGsWzk0VYxyB/wVX/Q7qf9t5znLRgs0dzszr9w9Fej/8RVNQ+S20vdXSAyra/bJ7ZQfGv6ZMj7UEbzSg=="],

-    "data-urls/whatwg-mimetype": ["whatwg-mimetype@5.0.0", "", {}, "sha512-sXcNcHOC51uPGF0P/D4NVtrkjSU2fNsm9iog4ZvZJsL3rjoDAzXZhkm2MWt1y+PUdggKAYVoMAIYcs78wJ51Cw=="],
+    "cheerio/whatwg-mimetype": ["whatwg-mimetype@4.0.0", "", {}, "sha512-QaKxh0eNIi2mE9p2vEdzfagOKHCcj1pJ56EEHGQOVxp8r9/iszLUUV7v89x9O1p/T+NlTM5W7jW6+cz4Fq1YVg=="],
+
+    "clawhub/undici": ["undici@7.19.2", "", {}, "sha512-4VQSpGEGsWzk0VYxyB/wVX/Q7qf9t5znLRgs0dzszr9w9Fej/8RVNQ+S20vdXSAyra/bJ7ZQfGv6ZMj7UEbzSg=="],
+
+    "convex/esbuild": ["esbuild@0.27.0", "", { "optionalDependencies": { "@esbuild/aix-ppc64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/android-arm": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/android-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/android-x64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/darwin-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/darwin-x64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/freebsd-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/freebsd-x64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-arm": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-ia32": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-loong64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-mips64el": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-ppc64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-riscv64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-s390x": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/linux-x64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/netbsd-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/netbsd-x64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/openbsd-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/openbsd-x64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/openharmony-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/sunos-x64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/win32-arm64": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/win32-ia32": "0.27.0", "@esbuild/win32-x64": "0.27.0" }, "bin": { "esbuild": "bin/esbuild" } }, "sha512-jd0f4NHbD6cALCyGElNpGAOtWxSq46l9X/sWB0Nzd5er4Kz2YTm+Vl0qKFT9KUJvD8+fiO8AvoHhFvEatfVixA=="],

    "dom-serializer/entities": ["entities@4.5.0", "", {}, "sha512-V0hjH4dGPh9Ao5p0MoRY6BVqtwCjhz6vI5LT8AJ55H+4g9/4vbHx1I54fS0XuclLhDHArPQCiMjDxjaL8fPxhw=="],

+    "html-encoding-sniffer/@exodus/bytes": ["@exodus/bytes@1.10.0", "", { "peerDependencies": { "@noble/hashes": "^1.8.0 || ^2.0.0" }, "optionalPeers": ["@noble/hashes"] }, "sha512-tf8YdcbirXdPnJ+Nd4UN1EXnz+IP2DI45YVEr3vvzcVTOyrApkmIB4zvOQVd3XPr7RXnfBtAx+PXImXOIU0Ajg=="],
+
    "htmlparser2/entities": ["entities@7.0.1", "", {}, "sha512-TWrgLOFUQTH994YUyl1yT4uyavY5nNB5muff+RtWaqNVCAK408b5ZnnbNAUEWLTCpum9w6arT70i1XdQ4UeOPA=="],

-    "nitro/h3": ["h3@2.0.1-rc.11", "", { "dependencies": { "rou3": "^0.7.12", "srvx": "^0.10.1" }, "peerDependencies": { "crossws": "^0.4.1" }, "optionalPeers": ["crossws"] }, "sha512-2myzjCqy32c1As9TjZW9fNZXtLqNedjFSrdFy2AjFBQQ3LzrnGoDdFDYfC0tV2e4vcyfJ2Sfo/F6NQhO2Ly/Mw=="],
+    "nitro/undici": ["undici@7.19.2", "", {}, "sha512-4VQSpGEGsWzk0VYxyB/wVX/Q7qf9t5znLRgs0dzszr9w9Fej/8RVNQ+S20vdXSAyra/bJ7ZQfGv6ZMj7UEbzSg=="],

    "parse-entities/@types/unist": ["@types/unist@2.0.11", "", {}, "sha512-CmBKiL6NNo/OqgmMn95Fk9Whlp2mtvIv+KNpQKN2F4SjvrEesubTRWGYSg+BnWZOnlCaSTU1sMpsBOzgbYhnsA=="],

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 */

 import type * as auth from "../auth.js";
+import type * as commentModeration from "../commentModeration.js";
 import type * as comments from "../comments.js";
 import type * as crons from "../crons.js";
 import type * as devSeed from "../devSeed.js";
@@ -16,33 +17,64 @@ import type * as devSeedExtra from "../devSeedExtra.js";
 import type * as downloads from "../downloads.js";
 import type * as githubBackups from "../githubBackups.js";
 import type * as githubBackupsNode from "../githubBackupsNode.js";
+import type * as githubIdentity from "../githubIdentity.js";
 import type * as githubImport from "../githubImport.js";
+import type * as githubRestore from "../githubRestore.js";
+import type * as githubRestoreMutations from "../githubRestoreMutations.js";
 import type * as githubSoulBackups from "../githubSoulBackups.js";
 import type * as githubSoulBackupsNode from "../githubSoulBackupsNode.js";
 import type * as http from "../http.js";
 import type * as httpApi from "../httpApi.js";
 import type * as httpApiV1 from "../httpApiV1.js";
+import type * as httpApiV1_shared from "../httpApiV1/shared.js";
+import type * as httpApiV1_skillsV1 from "../httpApiV1/skillsV1.js";
+import type * as httpApiV1_soulsV1 from "../httpApiV1/soulsV1.js";
+import type * as httpApiV1_starsV1 from "../httpApiV1/starsV1.js";
+import type * as httpApiV1_usersV1 from "../httpApiV1/usersV1.js";
+import type * as httpApiV1_whoamiV1 from "../httpApiV1/whoamiV1.js";
+import type * as httpPreflight from "../httpPreflight.js";
 import type * as leaderboards from "../leaderboards.js";
 import type * as lib_access from "../lib/access.js";
 import type * as lib_apiTokenAuth from "../lib/apiTokenAuth.js";
 import type * as lib_badges from "../lib/badges.js";
+import type * as lib_batching from "../lib/batching.js";
 import type * as lib_changelog from "../lib/changelog.js";
+import type * as lib_commentScamPrompt from "../lib/commentScamPrompt.js";
+import type * as lib_contentTypes from "../lib/contentTypes.js";
+import type * as lib_embeddingVisibility from "../lib/embeddingVisibility.js";
 import type * as lib_embeddings from "../lib/embeddings.js";
+import type * as lib_githubAccount from "../lib/githubAccount.js";
 import type * as lib_githubBackup from "../lib/githubBackup.js";
+import type * as lib_githubIdentity from "../lib/githubIdentity.js";
 import type * as lib_githubImport from "../lib/githubImport.js";
+import type * as lib_githubProfileSync from "../lib/githubProfileSync.js";
+import type * as lib_githubRestoreHelpers from "../lib/githubRestoreHelpers.js";
 import type * as lib_githubSoulBackup from "../lib/githubSoulBackup.js";
+import type * as lib_globalStats from "../lib/globalStats.js";
+import type * as lib_httpHeaders from "../lib/httpHeaders.js";
+import type * as lib_httpRateLimit from "../lib/httpRateLimit.js";
 import type * as lib_leaderboards from "../lib/leaderboards.js";
 import type * as lib_moderation from "../lib/moderation.js";
+import type * as lib_openaiResponse from "../lib/openaiResponse.js";
 import type * as lib_public from "../lib/public.js";
+import type * as lib_reporting from "../lib/reporting.js";
+import type * as lib_reservedSlugs from "../lib/reservedSlugs.js";
 import type * as lib_searchText from "../lib/searchText.js";
+import type * as lib_securityPrompt from "../lib/securityPrompt.js";
 import type * as lib_skillBackfill from "../lib/skillBackfill.js";
 import type * as lib_skillPublish from "../lib/skillPublish.js";
+import type * as lib_skillQuality from "../lib/skillQuality.js";
+import type * as lib_skillSafety from "../lib/skillSafety.js";
 import type * as lib_skillStats from "../lib/skillStats.js";
+import type * as lib_skillSummary from "../lib/skillSummary.js";
+import type * as lib_skillZip from "../lib/skillZip.js";
 import type * as lib_skills from "../lib/skills.js";
 import type * as lib_soulChangelog from "../lib/soulChangelog.js";
 import type * as lib_soulPublish from "../lib/soulPublish.js";
 import type * as lib_tokens from "../lib/tokens.js";
+import type * as lib_userSearch from "../lib/userSearch.js";
 import type * as lib_webhooks from "../lib/webhooks.js";
+import type * as llmEval from "../llmEval.js";
 import type * as maintenance from "../maintenance.js";
 import type * as rateLimits from "../rateLimits.js";
 import type * as search from "../search.js";
@@ -60,6 +92,7 @@ import type * as telemetry from "../telemetry.js";
 import type * as tokens from "../tokens.js";
 import type * as uploads from "../uploads.js";
 import type * as users from "../users.js";
+import type * as vt from "../vt.js";
 import type * as webhooks from "../webhooks.js";

 import type {
@@ -70,6 +103,7 @@ import type {

 declare const fullApi: ApiFromModules<{
  auth: typeof auth;
+  commentModeration: typeof commentModeration;
  comments: typeof comments;
  crons: typeof crons;
  devSeed: typeof devSeed;
@@ -77,33 +111,64 @@ declare const fullApi: ApiFromModules<{
  downloads: typeof downloads;
  githubBackups: typeof githubBackups;
  githubBackupsNode: typeof githubBackupsNode;
+  githubIdentity: typeof githubIdentity;
  githubImport: typeof githubImport;
+  githubRestore: typeof githubRestore;
+  githubRestoreMutations: typeof githubRestoreMutations;
  githubSoulBackups: typeof githubSoulBackups;
  githubSoulBackupsNode: typeof githubSoulBackupsNode;
  http: typeof http;
  httpApi: typeof httpApi;
  httpApiV1: typeof httpApiV1;
+  "httpApiV1/shared": typeof httpApiV1_shared;
+  "httpApiV1/skillsV1": typeof httpApiV1_skillsV1;
+  "httpApiV1/soulsV1": typeof httpApiV1_soulsV1;
+  "httpApiV1/starsV1": typeof httpApiV1_starsV1;
+  "httpApiV1/usersV1": typeof httpApiV1_usersV1;
+  "httpApiV1/whoamiV1": typeof httpApiV1_whoamiV1;
+  httpPreflight: typeof httpPreflight;
  leaderboards: typeof leaderboards;
  "lib/access": typeof lib_access;
  "lib/apiTokenAuth": typeof lib_apiTokenAuth;
  "lib/badges": typeof lib_badges;
+  "lib/batching": typeof lib_batching;
  "lib/changelog": typeof lib_changelog;
+  "lib/commentScamPrompt": typeof lib_commentScamPrompt;
+  "lib/contentTypes": typeof lib_contentTypes;
+  "lib/embeddingVisibility": typeof lib_embeddingVisibility;
  "lib/embeddings": typeof lib_embeddings;
+  "lib/githubAccount": typeof lib_githubAccount;
  "lib/githubBackup": typeof lib_githubBackup;
+  "lib/githubIdentity": typeof lib_githubIdentity;
  "lib/githubImport": typeof lib_githubImport;
+  "lib/githubProfileSync": typeof lib_githubProfileSync;
+  "lib/githubRestoreHelpers": typeof lib_githubRestoreHelpers;
  "lib/githubSoulBackup": typeof lib_githubSoulBackup;
+  "lib/globalStats": typeof lib_globalStats;
+  "lib/httpHeaders": typeof lib_httpHeaders;
+  "lib/httpRateLimit": typeof lib_httpRateLimit;
  "lib/leaderboards": typeof lib_leaderboards;
  "lib/moderation": typeof lib_moderation;
+  "lib/openaiResponse": typeof lib_openaiResponse;
  "lib/public": typeof lib_public;
+  "lib/reporting": typeof lib_reporting;
+  "lib/reservedSlugs": typeof lib_reservedSlugs;
  "lib/searchText": typeof lib_searchText;
+  "lib/securityPrompt": typeof lib_securityPrompt;
  "lib/skillBackfill": typeof lib_skillBackfill;
  "lib/skillPublish": typeof lib_skillPublish;
+  "lib/skillQuality": typeof lib_skillQuality;
+  "lib/skillSafety": typeof lib_skillSafety;
  "lib/skillStats": typeof lib_skillStats;
+  "lib/skillSummary": typeof lib_skillSummary;
+  "lib/skillZip": typeof lib_skillZip;
  "lib/skills": typeof lib_skills;
  "lib/soulChangelog": typeof lib_soulChangelog;
  "lib/soulPublish": typeof lib_soulPublish;
  "lib/tokens": typeof lib_tokens;
+  "lib/userSearch": typeof lib_userSearch;
  "lib/webhooks": typeof lib_webhooks;
+  llmEval: typeof llmEval;
  maintenance: typeof maintenance;
  rateLimits: typeof rateLimits;
  search: typeof search;
@@ -121,6 +186,7 @@ declare const fullApi: ApiFromModules<{
  tokens: typeof tokens;
  uploads: typeof uploads;
  users: typeof users;
+  vt: typeof vt;
  webhooks: typeof webhooks;
 }>;

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import type { Id } from './_generated/dataModel'
+import {
+  BANNED_REAUTH_MESSAGE,
+  DELETED_ACCOUNT_REAUTH_MESSAGE,
+  handleDeletedUserSignIn,
+} from './auth'
+
+function makeCtx({
+  user,
+  banRecords,
+}: {
+  user: { deletedAt?: number; deactivatedAt?: number; purgedAt?: number } | null
+  banRecords?: Array<Record<string, unknown>>
+}) {
+  const query = {
+    withIndex: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
+      collect: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(banRecords ?? []),
+    }),
+  }
+  const ctx = {
+    db: {
+      get: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(user),
+      patch: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
+      query: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(query),
+    },
+  }
+  return { ctx, query }
+}
+
+describe('handleDeletedUserSignIn', () => {
+  const userId = 'users:1' as Id<'users'>
+
+  it('skips when user not found', async () => {
+    const { ctx } = makeCtx({ user: null })
+
+    await handleDeletedUserSignIn(ctx as never, { userId, existingUserId: userId })
+
+    expect(ctx.db.get).toHaveBeenCalledWith(userId)
+    expect(ctx.db.query).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('skips active users', async () => {
+    const { ctx } = makeCtx({ user: { deletedAt: undefined, deactivatedAt: undefined } })
+
+    await handleDeletedUserSignIn(ctx as never, { userId, existingUserId: userId })
+
+    expect(ctx.db.query).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(ctx.db.patch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('blocks sign-in for deactivated users', async () => {
+    const { ctx } = makeCtx({ user: { deactivatedAt: 123, purgedAt: 123 } })
+
+    await expect(
+      handleDeletedUserSignIn(ctx as never, { userId, existingUserId: userId }),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(DELETED_ACCOUNT_REAUTH_MESSAGE)
+
+    expect(ctx.db.query).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(ctx.db.patch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('migrates legacy self-deleted users and blocks sign-in', async () => {
+    const { ctx } = makeCtx({ user: { deletedAt: 123 }, banRecords: [] })
+
+    await expect(
+      handleDeletedUserSignIn(ctx as never, { userId, existingUserId: userId }),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(DELETED_ACCOUNT_REAUTH_MESSAGE)
+
+    expect(ctx.db.patch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(userId, {
+      deletedAt: undefined,
+      deactivatedAt: 123,
+      purgedAt: 123,
+      updatedAt: expect.any(Number),
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('migrates legacy users on fresh login (existingUserId is null)', async () => {
+    const { ctx } = makeCtx({ user: { deletedAt: 123 }, banRecords: [] })
+
+    await expect(
+      handleDeletedUserSignIn(ctx as never, { userId, existingUserId: null }),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(DELETED_ACCOUNT_REAUTH_MESSAGE)
+
+    expect(ctx.db.patch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(userId, {
+      deletedAt: undefined,
+      deactivatedAt: 123,
+      purgedAt: 123,
+      updatedAt: expect.any(Number),
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('skips mutation when existingUserId does not match userId', async () => {
+    const otherUserId = 'users:999' as Id<'users'>
+    const { ctx } = makeCtx({ user: { deletedAt: 123 } })
+
+    await handleDeletedUserSignIn(ctx as never, { userId, existingUserId: otherUserId })
+
+    expect(ctx.db.query).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(ctx.db.patch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('blocks banned users with a custom message', async () => {
+    const { ctx } = makeCtx({ user: { deletedAt: 123 }, banRecords: [{ action: 'user.ban' }] })
+
+    await expect(
+      handleDeletedUserSignIn(ctx as never, { userId, existingUserId: userId }),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(BANNED_REAUTH_MESSAGE)
+
+    expect(ctx.db.patch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('blocks users auto-banned for malware', async () => {
+    const { ctx } = makeCtx({
+      user: { deletedAt: 123 },
+      banRecords: [{ action: 'user.autoban.malware' }],
+    })
+
+    await expect(
+      handleDeletedUserSignIn(ctx as never, { userId, existingUserId: userId }),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(BANNED_REAUTH_MESSAGE)
+
+    expect(ctx.db.patch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+})
@@ -1,5 +1,59 @@
 import GitHub from '@auth/core/providers/github'
 import { convexAuth } from '@convex-dev/auth/server'
+import type { GenericMutationCtx } from 'convex/server'
+import { ConvexError } from 'convex/values'
+import { internal } from './_generated/api'
+import type { DataModel, Id } from './_generated/dataModel'
+import { shouldScheduleGitHubProfileSync } from './lib/githubProfileSync'
+
+export const BANNED_REAUTH_MESSAGE =
+  'Your account has been banned for uploading malicious skills. If you believe this is a mistake, please contact security@openclaw.ai and we will work with you to restore access.'
+export const DELETED_ACCOUNT_REAUTH_MESSAGE =
+  'This account has been permanently deleted and cannot be restored.'
+
+const REAUTH_BLOCKING_BAN_ACTIONS = new Set(['user.ban', 'user.autoban.malware'])
+
+export async function handleDeletedUserSignIn(
+  ctx: GenericMutationCtx<DataModel>,
+  args: { userId: Id<'users'>; existingUserId: Id<'users'> | null },
+  userOverride?: { deletedAt?: number; deactivatedAt?: number; purgedAt?: number } | null,
+) {
+  const user = userOverride !== undefined ? userOverride : await ctx.db.get(args.userId)
+  if (!user?.deletedAt && !user?.deactivatedAt) return
+
+  // Verify that the incoming identity matches the existing account to prevent bypass.
+  if (args.existingUserId && args.existingUserId !== args.userId) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  if (user.deactivatedAt) {
+    throw new ConvexError(DELETED_ACCOUNT_REAUTH_MESSAGE)
+  }
+
+  const userId = args.userId
+  const deletedAt = user.deletedAt ?? Date.now()
+  const banRecords = await ctx.db
+    .query('auditLogs')
+    .withIndex('by_target', (q) => q.eq('targetType', 'user').eq('targetId', userId.toString()))
+    .collect()
+
+  const hasBlockingBan = banRecords.some((record) => REAUTH_BLOCKING_BAN_ACTIONS.has(record.action))
+
+  if (hasBlockingBan) {
+    throw new ConvexError(BANNED_REAUTH_MESSAGE)
+  }
+
+  // Migrate legacy self-deleted accounts (stored in deletedAt) to the new
+  // irreversible state and reject sign-in.
+  await ctx.db.patch(userId, {
+    deletedAt: undefined,
+    deactivatedAt: deletedAt,
+    purgedAt: user.purgedAt ?? deletedAt,
+    updatedAt: Date.now(),
+  })
+
+  throw new ConvexError(DELETED_ACCOUNT_REAUTH_MESSAGE)
+}

 export const { auth, signIn, signOut, store, isAuthenticated } = convexAuth({
  providers: [
@@ -16,4 +70,29 @@ export const { auth, signIn, signOut, store, isAuthenticated } = convexAuth({
      },
    }),
  ],
+  callbacks: {
+    /**
+     * Block sign-in for deleted/deactivated users and sync GitHub profile.
+     *
+     * Performance note: This callback runs on every OAuth sign-in, but the
+     * audit log query ONLY executes when a legacy deleted user attempts to sign
+     * in (user.deletedAt is set). For active users, this is a single field check.
+     *
+     * The GitHub profile sync is scheduled as a background action to handle
+     * the case where a user renames their GitHub account (fixes #303).
+     */
+    async afterUserCreatedOrUpdated(ctx, args) {
+      const user = await ctx.db.get(args.userId)
+      await handleDeletedUserSignIn(ctx, args, user)
+
+      // Schedule GitHub profile sync to handle username renames (fixes #303)
+      // This runs as a background action so it doesn't block sign-in
+      const now = Date.now()
+      if (shouldScheduleGitHubProfileSync(user, now)) {
+        await ctx.scheduler.runAfter(0, internal.users.syncGitHubProfileAction, {
+          userId: args.userId,
+        })
+      }
+    },
+  },
 })
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+/* @vitest-environment node */
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+vi.mock('./_generated/api', () => ({
+  internal: {
+    commentModeration: {
+      getCommentScamBackfillPageInternal: Symbol('commentModeration.getCommentScamBackfillPageInternal'),
+      applyCommentScamResultInternal: Symbol('commentModeration.applyCommentScamResultInternal'),
+      backfillCommentScamModerationInternal: Symbol('commentModeration.backfillCommentScamModerationInternal'),
+      continueCommentScamModerationJobInternal: Symbol(
+        'commentModeration.continueCommentScamModerationJobInternal',
+      ),
+    },
+    llmEval: {
+      evaluateCommentForScam: Symbol('llmEval.evaluateCommentForScam'),
+    },
+    users: {
+      banUserInternal: Symbol('users.banUserInternal'),
+    },
+  },
+}))
+
+const {
+  applyCommentScamResultInternalHandler,
+  backfillCommentScamModerationInternalHandler,
+} = await import('./commentModeration')
+const { internal } = await import('./_generated/api')
+
+const previousOpenAiApiKey = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY = 'test-key'
+})
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  if (previousOpenAiApiKey === undefined) {
+    delete process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY
+    return
+  }
+  process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY = previousOpenAiApiKey
+})
+
+describe('commentModeration backfill', () => {
+  it('evaluates comments and bans on certain/high scams', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        items: [
+          {
+            commentId: 'comments:1',
+            skillId: 'skills:1',
+            userId: 'users:2',
+            body: 'echo "mal" | base64 -D | bash',
+            softDeletedAt: undefined,
+            scamScanCheckedAt: undefined,
+          },
+        ],
+        cursor: null,
+        isDone: true,
+      })
+    const runAction = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      model: 'gpt-5-mini',
+      verdict: 'certain_scam',
+      confidence: 'high',
+      explanation: 'Obfuscated shell execution payload.',
+      evidence: ['base64 decode piped to bash'],
+    })
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      shouldBan: true,
+      banned: true,
+      alreadyBanned: false,
+      protectedRole: false,
+      wouldBan: false,
+    })
+
+    const result = await backfillCommentScamModerationInternalHandler(
+      { runQuery, runAction, runMutation } as never,
+      {
+        actorUserId: 'users:admin',
+        dryRun: false,
+        batchSize: 10,
+        maxBatches: 1,
+      } as never,
+    )
+
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.stats.commentsScanned).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.stats.commentsEvaluated).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.stats.certainScams).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.stats.banCandidates).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.stats.usersBanned).toBe(1)
+    expect(runAction).toHaveBeenCalledWith(internal.llmEval.evaluateCommentForScam, {
+      commentId: 'comments:1',
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      userId: 'users:2',
+      body: 'echo "mal" | base64 -D | bash',
+    })
+    expect(runMutation).toHaveBeenCalledWith(internal.commentModeration.applyCommentScamResultInternal, {
+      actorUserId: 'users:admin',
+      commentId: 'comments:1',
+      verdict: 'certain_scam',
+      confidence: 'high',
+      explanation: 'Obfuscated shell execution payload.',
+      evidence: ['base64 decode piped to bash'],
+      model: 'gpt-5-mini',
+      checkedAt: expect.any(Number),
+      dryRun: false,
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('skips previously scanned comments unless rescan=true', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      items: [
+        {
+          commentId: 'comments:1',
+          skillId: 'skills:1',
+          userId: 'users:2',
+          body: 'something',
+          softDeletedAt: undefined,
+          scamScanCheckedAt: 123,
+        },
+      ],
+      cursor: null,
+      isDone: true,
+    })
+    const runAction = vi.fn()
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+
+    const result = await backfillCommentScamModerationInternalHandler(
+      { runQuery, runAction, runMutation } as never,
+      {
+        actorUserId: 'users:admin',
+        batchSize: 10,
+        maxBatches: 1,
+      } as never,
+    )
+
+    expect(result.stats.commentsScanned).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.stats.skippedAlreadyScanned).toBe(1)
+    expect(runAction).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(runMutation).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('tracks dry-run ban candidates without banning', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      items: [
+        {
+          commentId: 'comments:9',
+          skillId: 'skills:7',
+          userId: 'users:5',
+          body: 'run this update installer from random domain',
+          softDeletedAt: undefined,
+          scamScanCheckedAt: undefined,
+        },
+      ],
+      cursor: null,
+      isDone: true,
+    })
+    const runAction = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      model: 'gpt-5-mini',
+      verdict: 'certain_scam',
+      confidence: 'high',
+      explanation: 'Social-engineering install command.',
+      evidence: ['unknown update domain'],
+    })
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      shouldBan: true,
+      banned: false,
+      alreadyBanned: false,
+      protectedRole: false,
+      wouldBan: true,
+    })
+
+    const result = await backfillCommentScamModerationInternalHandler(
+      { runQuery, runAction, runMutation } as never,
+      {
+        actorUserId: 'users:admin',
+        dryRun: true,
+        batchSize: 10,
+        maxBatches: 1,
+      } as never,
+    )
+
+    expect(result.stats.usersBanned).toBe(0)
+    expect(result.stats.usersWouldBeBanned).toBe(1)
+  })
+})
+
+describe('applyCommentScamResultInternalHandler', () => {
+  it('persists scan metadata and triggers ban with bounded reason', async () => {
+    const get = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'comments:1',
+        skillId: 'skills:1',
+        userId: 'users:2',
+      })
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'users:2',
+        role: 'user',
+      })
+    const patch = vi.fn()
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ ok: true, alreadyBanned: false, deletedSkills: 0 })
+
+    const result = await applyCommentScamResultInternalHandler(
+      { db: { get, patch, insert }, runMutation } as never,
+      {
+        actorUserId: 'users:admin',
+        commentId: 'comments:1',
+        verdict: 'certain_scam',
+        confidence: 'high',
+        explanation: 'X'.repeat(700),
+        evidence: ['Y'.repeat(280), 'Z'.repeat(280)],
+        model: 'gpt-5-mini',
+        checkedAt: 123,
+      } as never,
+    )
+
+    expect(result.banned).toBe(true)
+    expect(insert).toHaveBeenCalledWith('auditLogs', {
+      actorUserId: 'users:admin',
+      action: 'comment.scam_scan',
+      targetType: 'comment',
+      targetId: 'comments:1',
+      metadata: {
+        skillId: 'skills:1',
+        commentAuthorId: 'users:2',
+        verdict: 'certain_scam',
+        confidence: 'high',
+        shouldBan: true,
+        model: 'gpt-5-mini',
+      },
+      createdAt: 123,
+    })
+
+    const banCall = runMutation.mock.calls.find(
+      (call) => call[0] === internal.users.banUserInternal,
+    )
+    expect(banCall).toBeTruthy()
+    if (!banCall) throw new Error('Expected ban mutation to be called')
+    expect((banCall[1] as { reason: string }).reason.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(500)
+    expect(patch).toHaveBeenCalledWith('comments:1', {
+      scamBanTriggeredAt: 123,
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('skips banning moderator/admin accounts', async () => {
+    const get = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'comments:2',
+        skillId: 'skills:2',
+        userId: 'users:staff',
+      })
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'users:staff',
+        role: 'moderator',
+      })
+    const patch = vi.fn()
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+
+    const result = await applyCommentScamResultInternalHandler(
+      { db: { get, patch, insert }, runMutation } as never,
+      {
+        actorUserId: 'users:admin',
+        commentId: 'comments:2',
+        verdict: 'certain_scam',
+        confidence: 'high',
+        explanation: 'Malicious command spam.',
+        evidence: ['base64|bash'],
+        model: 'gpt-5-mini',
+        checkedAt: 300,
+      } as never,
+    )
+
+    expect(result.protectedRole).toBe(true)
+    expect(runMutation).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+import { ConvexError, v } from 'convex/values'
+import { internal } from './_generated/api'
+import type { Id } from './_generated/dataModel'
+import type { ActionCtx, MutationCtx } from './_generated/server'
+import { action, internalAction, internalMutation, internalQuery } from './_generated/server'
+import { assertRole, requireUserFromAction } from './lib/access'
+import {
+  buildCommentScamBanReason,
+  isCertainScam,
+  type CommentScamConfidence,
+  type CommentScamVerdict,
+} from './lib/commentScamPrompt'
+
+const DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE = 25
+const MAX_BATCH_SIZE = 100
+const DEFAULT_MAX_BATCHES = 10
+const MAX_MAX_BATCHES = 200
+
+type CommentBackfillPageItem = {
+  commentId: Id<'comments'>
+  skillId: Id<'skills'>
+  userId: Id<'users'>
+  body: string
+  softDeletedAt?: number
+  scamScanCheckedAt?: number
+}
+
+type CommentBackfillPageResult = {
+  items: CommentBackfillPageItem[]
+  cursor: string | null
+  isDone: boolean
+}
+
+type ApplyCommentScamResult = {
+  ok: true
+  shouldBan: boolean
+  banned: boolean
+  alreadyBanned: boolean
+  protectedRole: boolean
+  wouldBan: boolean
+}
+
+export type CommentScamBackfillStats = {
+  commentsScanned: number
+  commentsEvaluated: number
+  certainScams: number
+  banCandidates: number
+  usersBanned: number
+  usersAlreadyBanned: number
+  usersWouldBeBanned: number
+  protectedRoleSkips: number
+  skippedSoftDeleted: number
+  skippedAlreadyScanned: number
+  skippedEmptyBody: number
+  evalErrors: number
+}
+
+export type CommentScamBackfillActionArgs = {
+  actorUserId: Id<'users'>
+  dryRun?: boolean
+  batchSize?: number
+  maxBatches?: number
+  cursor?: string
+  rescan?: boolean
+  includeSoftDeleted?: boolean
+}
+
+export type CommentScamBackfillActionResult = {
+  ok: true
+  stats: CommentScamBackfillStats
+  isDone: boolean
+  cursor: string | null
+}
+
+export const getCommentScamBackfillPageInternal = internalQuery({
+  args: {
+    cursor: v.optional(v.string()),
+    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args): Promise<CommentBackfillPageResult> => {
+    const batchSize = clampInt(args.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE, 1, MAX_BATCH_SIZE)
+    const { page, isDone, continueCursor } = await ctx.db
+      .query('comments')
+      .order('asc')
+      .paginate({ cursor: args.cursor ?? null, numItems: batchSize })
+
+    return {
+      items: page.map((comment) => ({
+        commentId: comment._id,
+        skillId: comment.skillId,
+        userId: comment.userId,
+        body: comment.body,
+        softDeletedAt: comment.softDeletedAt,
+        scamScanCheckedAt: comment.scamScanCheckedAt,
+      })),
+      cursor: continueCursor,
+      isDone,
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+export async function applyCommentScamResultInternalHandler(
+  ctx: MutationCtx,
+  args: {
+    actorUserId: Id<'users'>
+    commentId: Id<'comments'>
+    verdict: CommentScamVerdict
+    confidence: CommentScamConfidence
+    explanation: string
+    evidence: string[]
+    model: string
+    checkedAt: number
+    dryRun?: boolean
+  },
+): Promise<ApplyCommentScamResult> {
+  const comment = await ctx.db.get(args.commentId)
+  if (!comment) {
+    throw new ConvexError('Comment not found')
+  }
+
+  const user = await ctx.db.get(comment.userId)
+  if (!user) {
+    throw new ConvexError('Comment author not found')
+  }
+
+  const dryRun = Boolean(args.dryRun)
+  const shouldBan = isCertainScam({
+    verdict: args.verdict,
+    confidence: args.confidence,
+  })
+
+  const explanation = args.explanation.trim().slice(0, 1200)
+  const evidence = args.evidence
+    .map((item) => item.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .slice(0, 5)
+
+  if (!dryRun) {
+    await ctx.db.patch(comment._id, {
+      scamScanVerdict: args.verdict,
+      scamScanConfidence: args.confidence,
+      scamScanExplanation: explanation,
+      scamScanEvidence: evidence,
+      scamScanModel: args.model,
+      scamScanCheckedAt: args.checkedAt,
+    })
+
+    await ctx.db.insert('auditLogs', {
+      actorUserId: args.actorUserId,
+      action: 'comment.scam_scan',
+      targetType: 'comment',
+      targetId: comment._id,
+      metadata: {
+        skillId: comment.skillId,
+        commentAuthorId: comment.userId,
+        verdict: args.verdict,
+        confidence: args.confidence,
+        shouldBan,
+        model: args.model,
+      },
+      createdAt: args.checkedAt,
+    })
+  }
+
+  if (!shouldBan) {
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      shouldBan,
+      banned: false,
+      alreadyBanned: false,
+      protectedRole: false,
+      wouldBan: false,
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (user.role === 'admin' || user.role === 'moderator') {
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      shouldBan,
+      banned: false,
+      alreadyBanned: false,
+      protectedRole: true,
+      wouldBan: false,
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (user.deletedAt || user.deactivatedAt) {
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      shouldBan,
+      banned: false,
+      alreadyBanned: true,
+      protectedRole: false,
+      wouldBan: false,
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (dryRun) {
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      shouldBan,
+      banned: false,
+      alreadyBanned: false,
+      protectedRole: false,
+      wouldBan: true,
+    }
+  }
+
+  const reason = buildCommentScamBanReason({
+    commentId: String(comment._id),
+    skillId: String(comment.skillId),
+    explanation,
+    evidence,
+  })
+
+  const banResult = await ctx.runMutation(internal.users.banUserInternal, {
+    actorUserId: args.actorUserId,
+    targetUserId: comment.userId,
+    reason,
+  })
+
+  if (!banResult.alreadyBanned) {
+    await ctx.db.patch(comment._id, {
+      scamBanTriggeredAt: args.checkedAt,
+    })
+  }
+
+  return {
+    ok: true,
+    shouldBan,
+    banned: !banResult.alreadyBanned,
+    alreadyBanned: Boolean(banResult.alreadyBanned),
+    protectedRole: false,
+    wouldBan: false,
+  }
+}
+
+export const applyCommentScamResultInternal = internalMutation({
+  args: {
+    actorUserId: v.id('users'),
+    commentId: v.id('comments'),
+    verdict: v.union(v.literal('not_scam'), v.literal('likely_scam'), v.literal('certain_scam')),
+    confidence: v.union(v.literal('low'), v.literal('medium'), v.literal('high')),
+    explanation: v.string(),
+    evidence: v.array(v.string()),
+    model: v.string(),
+    checkedAt: v.number(),
+    dryRun: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+  },
+  handler: applyCommentScamResultInternalHandler,
+})
+
+export async function backfillCommentScamModerationInternalHandler(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+  args: CommentScamBackfillActionArgs,
+): Promise<CommentScamBackfillActionResult> {
+  if (!process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY) {
+    throw new ConvexError('OPENAI_API_KEY not configured')
+  }
+
+  const dryRun = Boolean(args.dryRun)
+  const rescan = Boolean(args.rescan)
+  const includeSoftDeleted = Boolean(args.includeSoftDeleted)
+  const batchSize = clampInt(args.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE, 1, MAX_BATCH_SIZE)
+  const maxBatches = clampInt(args.maxBatches ?? DEFAULT_MAX_BATCHES, 1, MAX_MAX_BATCHES)
+
+  let cursor: string | null = args.cursor ?? null
+  let isDone = false
+
+  const stats: CommentScamBackfillStats = {
+    commentsScanned: 0,
+    commentsEvaluated: 0,
+    certainScams: 0,
+    banCandidates: 0,
+    usersBanned: 0,
+    usersAlreadyBanned: 0,
+    usersWouldBeBanned: 0,
+    protectedRoleSkips: 0,
+    skippedSoftDeleted: 0,
+    skippedAlreadyScanned: 0,
+    skippedEmptyBody: 0,
+    evalErrors: 0,
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < maxBatches; i++) {
+    const page = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.commentModeration.getCommentScamBackfillPageInternal, {
+      cursor: cursor ?? undefined,
+      batchSize,
+    })) as CommentBackfillPageResult
+
+    cursor = page.cursor
+    isDone = page.isDone
+
+    for (const comment of page.items) {
+      stats.commentsScanned++
+
+      if (!includeSoftDeleted && comment.softDeletedAt) {
+        stats.skippedSoftDeleted++
+        continue
+      }
+      if (!rescan && comment.scamScanCheckedAt) {
+        stats.skippedAlreadyScanned++
+        continue
+      }
+
+      const body = comment.body.trim()
+      if (!body) {
+        stats.skippedEmptyBody++
+        continue
+      }
+
+      const evalResult = (await ctx.runAction(internal.llmEval.evaluateCommentForScam, {
+        commentId: comment.commentId,
+        skillId: comment.skillId,
+        userId: comment.userId,
+        body,
+      })) as
+        | {
+            ok: true
+            model: string
+            verdict: CommentScamVerdict
+            confidence: CommentScamConfidence
+            explanation: string
+            evidence: string[]
+          }
+        | { ok: false; error: string }
+
+      if (!evalResult.ok) {
+        stats.evalErrors++
+        continue
+      }
+
+      stats.commentsEvaluated++
+      const shouldBan = isCertainScam(evalResult)
+      if (evalResult.verdict === 'certain_scam') {
+        stats.certainScams++
+      }
+      if (shouldBan) {
+        stats.banCandidates++
+      }
+
+      const applyResult = (await ctx.runMutation(internal.commentModeration.applyCommentScamResultInternal, {
+        actorUserId: args.actorUserId,
+        commentId: comment.commentId,
+        verdict: evalResult.verdict,
+        confidence: evalResult.confidence,
+        explanation: evalResult.explanation,
+        evidence: evalResult.evidence,
+        model: evalResult.model,
+        checkedAt: Date.now(),
+        dryRun,
+      })) as ApplyCommentScamResult
+
+      if (applyResult.banned) stats.usersBanned++
+      if (applyResult.alreadyBanned) stats.usersAlreadyBanned++
+      if (applyResult.wouldBan) stats.usersWouldBeBanned++
+      if (applyResult.protectedRole) stats.protectedRoleSkips++
+    }
+
+    if (isDone) break
+  }
+
+  return {
+    ok: true,
+    stats,
+    isDone,
+    cursor,
+  }
+}
+
+export const backfillCommentScamModerationInternal = internalAction({
+  args: {
+    actorUserId: v.id('users'),
+    dryRun: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
+    maxBatches: v.optional(v.number()),
+    cursor: v.optional(v.string()),
+    rescan: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+    includeSoftDeleted: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+  },
+  handler: backfillCommentScamModerationInternalHandler,
+})
+
+export const backfillCommentScamModeration: ReturnType<typeof action> = action({
+  args: {
+    dryRun: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
+    maxBatches: v.optional(v.number()),
+    cursor: v.optional(v.string()),
+    rescan: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+    includeSoftDeleted: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args): Promise<CommentScamBackfillActionResult> => {
+    const { user } = await requireUserFromAction(ctx)
+    assertRole(user, ['admin', 'moderator'])
+
+    return ctx.runAction(internal.commentModeration.backfillCommentScamModerationInternal, {
+      actorUserId: user._id,
+      ...args,
+    }) as Promise<CommentScamBackfillActionResult>
+  },
+})
+
+export const continueCommentScamModerationJobInternal = internalAction({
+  args: {
+    actorUserId: v.id('users'),
+    dryRun: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
+    cursor: v.optional(v.string()),
+    rescan: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+    includeSoftDeleted: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const result = await backfillCommentScamModerationInternalHandler(ctx, {
+      actorUserId: args.actorUserId,
+      dryRun: args.dryRun,
+      batchSize: args.batchSize,
+      cursor: args.cursor,
+      maxBatches: 1,
+      rescan: args.rescan,
+      includeSoftDeleted: args.includeSoftDeleted,
+    })
+
+    if (!result.isDone && result.cursor) {
+      await ctx.scheduler.runAfter(2_000, internal.commentModeration.continueCommentScamModerationJobInternal, {
+        actorUserId: args.actorUserId,
+        dryRun: Boolean(args.dryRun),
+        batchSize: args.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,
+        cursor: result.cursor,
+        rescan: Boolean(args.rescan),
+        includeSoftDeleted: Boolean(args.includeSoftDeleted),
+      })
+    }
+
+    return result
+  },
+})
+
+export const scheduleCommentScamModeration: ReturnType<typeof action> = action({
+  args: {
+    dryRun: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
+    rescan: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+    includeSoftDeleted: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args): Promise<{ ok: true }> => {
+    const { user } = await requireUserFromAction(ctx)
+    assertRole(user, ['admin', 'moderator'])
+
+    await ctx.scheduler.runAfter(0, internal.commentModeration.continueCommentScamModerationJobInternal, {
+      actorUserId: user._id,
+      dryRun: Boolean(args.dryRun),
+      batchSize: clampInt(args.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE, 1, MAX_BATCH_SIZE),
+      cursor: undefined,
+      rescan: Boolean(args.rescan),
+      includeSoftDeleted: Boolean(args.includeSoftDeleted),
+    })
+
+    return { ok: true as const }
+  },
+})
+
+function clampInt(value: number, min: number, max: number) {
+  return Math.min(Math.max(Math.trunc(value), min), max)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import type { Id } from './_generated/dataModel'
+import type { MutationCtx } from './_generated/server'
+import { assertModerator, requireUser } from './lib/access'
+import { requireGitHubAccountAge } from './lib/githubAccount'
+import {
+  AUTO_HIDE_REPORT_THRESHOLD,
+  MAX_ACTIVE_REPORTS_PER_USER,
+  MAX_REPORT_REASON_LENGTH,
+} from './lib/reporting'
+import { insertStatEvent } from './skillStatEvents'
+
+export async function addHandler(ctx: MutationCtx, args: { skillId: Id<'skills'>; body: string }) {
+  const { userId } = await requireUser(ctx)
+  await requireGitHubAccountAge(ctx, userId)
+
+  const body = args.body.trim()
+  if (!body) throw new Error('Comment body required')
+
+  const skill = await ctx.db.get(args.skillId)
+  if (!skill) throw new Error('Skill not found')
+
+  await ctx.db.insert('comments', {
+    skillId: args.skillId,
+    userId,
+    body,
+    createdAt: Date.now(),
+    softDeletedAt: undefined,
+    deletedBy: undefined,
+  })
+
+  await insertStatEvent(ctx, { skillId: skill._id, kind: 'comment' })
+}
+
+export async function removeHandler(ctx: MutationCtx, args: { commentId: Id<'comments'> }) {
+  const { user } = await requireUser(ctx)
+  const comment = await ctx.db.get(args.commentId)
+  if (!comment) throw new Error('Comment not found')
+  if (comment.softDeletedAt) return
+
+  const isOwner = comment.userId === user._id
+  if (!isOwner) {
+    assertModerator(user)
+  }
+
+  await ctx.db.patch(comment._id, {
+    softDeletedAt: Date.now(),
+    deletedBy: user._id,
+  })
+
+  await insertStatEvent(ctx, { skillId: comment.skillId, kind: 'uncomment' })
+
+  await ctx.db.insert('auditLogs', {
+    actorUserId: user._id,
+    action: 'comment.delete',
+    targetType: 'comment',
+    targetId: comment._id,
+    metadata: { skillId: comment.skillId },
+    createdAt: Date.now(),
+  })
+}
+
+async function countActiveReportsForUser(ctx: MutationCtx, userId: Id<'users'>) {
+  const reports = await ctx.db
+    .query('commentReports')
+    .withIndex('by_user', (q) => q.eq('userId', userId))
+    .collect()
+
+  let count = 0
+  for (const report of reports) {
+    const comment = await ctx.db.get(report.commentId)
+    if (!comment || comment.softDeletedAt) continue
+    const skill = await ctx.db.get(comment.skillId)
+    if (!skill || skill.softDeletedAt || skill.moderationStatus === 'removed') continue
+    const owner = await ctx.db.get(comment.userId)
+    if (!owner || owner.deletedAt || owner.deactivatedAt) continue
+    count += 1
+    if (count >= MAX_ACTIVE_REPORTS_PER_USER) break
+  }
+
+  return count
+}
+
+export async function reportHandler(
+  ctx: MutationCtx,
+  args: { commentId: Id<'comments'>; reason: string },
+) {
+  const { userId } = await requireUser(ctx)
+  const comment = await ctx.db.get(args.commentId)
+  if (!comment || comment.softDeletedAt) {
+    throw new Error('Comment not found')
+  }
+  const skill = await ctx.db.get(comment.skillId)
+  if (!skill || skill.softDeletedAt || skill.moderationStatus === 'removed') {
+    throw new Error('Comment not found')
+  }
+
+  const reason = args.reason.trim()
+  if (!reason) {
+    throw new Error('Report reason required.')
+  }
+
+  const existing = await ctx.db
+    .query('commentReports')
+    .withIndex('by_comment_user', (q) => q.eq('commentId', args.commentId).eq('userId', userId))
+    .unique()
+  if (existing) return { ok: true as const, reported: false, alreadyReported: true }
+
+  const activeReports = await countActiveReportsForUser(ctx, userId)
+  if (activeReports >= MAX_ACTIVE_REPORTS_PER_USER) {
+    throw new Error('Report limit reached. Please wait for moderation before reporting more.')
+  }
+
+  const now = Date.now()
+  await ctx.db.insert('commentReports', {
+    commentId: args.commentId,
+    skillId: comment.skillId,
+    userId,
+    reason: reason.slice(0, MAX_REPORT_REASON_LENGTH),
+    createdAt: now,
+  })
+
+  const nextReportCount = (comment.reportCount ?? 0) + 1
+  const shouldAutoHide = nextReportCount > AUTO_HIDE_REPORT_THRESHOLD && !comment.softDeletedAt
+  const updates: {
+    reportCount: number
+    lastReportedAt: number
+    softDeletedAt?: number
+  } = {
+    reportCount: nextReportCount,
+    lastReportedAt: now,
+  }
+  if (shouldAutoHide) {
+    updates.softDeletedAt = now
+  }
+  await ctx.db.patch(comment._id, updates)
+
+  if (shouldAutoHide) {
+    await insertStatEvent(ctx, { skillId: comment.skillId, kind: 'uncomment' })
+
+    await ctx.db.insert('auditLogs', {
+      actorUserId: userId,
+      action: 'comment.auto_hide',
+      targetType: 'comment',
+      targetId: comment._id,
+      metadata: { skillId: comment.skillId, reportCount: nextReportCount },
+      createdAt: now,
+    })
+  }
+
+  return { ok: true as const, reported: true, alreadyReported: false }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/* @vitest-environment node */
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { listBySkill } from './comments'
+
+function makeCtx(args: {
+  comments: Array<Record<string, unknown>>
+  usersById: Record<string, Record<string, unknown> | null>
+}) {
+  const get = async (id: string) => args.usersById[id] ?? null
+  const take = async () => args.comments
+  const order = () => ({ take })
+  const withIndex = () => ({ order })
+  const query = () => ({ withIndex })
+  return { db: { get, query } } as never
+}
+
+describe('comments.listBySkill', () => {
+  it('skips soft-deleted comments', async () => {
+    const ctx = makeCtx({
+      comments: [
+        {
+          _id: 'comments:live',
+          skillId: 'skills:1',
+          userId: 'users:live',
+          body: 'hello',
+        },
+        {
+          _id: 'comments:deleted',
+          skillId: 'skills:1',
+          userId: 'users:live',
+          body: 'bye',
+          softDeletedAt: 123,
+        },
+      ],
+      usersById: {
+        'users:live': {
+          _id: 'users:live',
+          _creationTime: 1,
+          handle: 'live',
+          name: 'live',
+          displayName: 'Live',
+          image: null,
+          bio: null,
+        },
+      },
+    })
+
+    const result = await listBySkill._handler(ctx, {
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      limit: 50,
+    } as never)
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0]?.comment._id).toBe('comments:live')
+  })
+
+  it('skips comments whose author is deleted/deactivated/missing', async () => {
+    const ctx = makeCtx({
+      comments: [
+        {
+          _id: 'comments:ok',
+          skillId: 'skills:1',
+          userId: 'users:ok',
+          body: 'ok',
+        },
+        {
+          _id: 'comments:deleted-user',
+          skillId: 'skills:1',
+          userId: 'users:deleted',
+          body: 'hidden',
+        },
+        {
+          _id: 'comments:deactivated-user',
+          skillId: 'skills:1',
+          userId: 'users:deactivated',
+          body: 'hidden',
+        },
+        {
+          _id: 'comments:missing-user',
+          skillId: 'skills:1',
+          userId: 'users:missing',
+          body: 'hidden',
+        },
+      ],
+      usersById: {
+        'users:ok': {
+          _id: 'users:ok',
+          _creationTime: 1,
+          handle: 'ok',
+          name: 'ok',
+          displayName: 'Ok',
+          image: null,
+          bio: null,
+        },
+        'users:deleted': {
+          _id: 'users:deleted',
+          _creationTime: 1,
+          handle: 'deleted',
+          name: 'deleted',
+          displayName: 'Deleted',
+          image: null,
+          bio: null,
+          deletedAt: 123,
+        },
+        'users:deactivated': {
+          _id: 'users:deactivated',
+          _creationTime: 1,
+          handle: 'deactivated',
+          name: 'deactivated',
+          displayName: 'Deactivated',
+          image: null,
+          bio: null,
+          deactivatedAt: 456,
+        },
+      },
+    })
+
+    const result = await listBySkill._handler(ctx, {
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      limit: 50,
+    } as never)
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0]?.comment._id).toBe('comments:ok')
+    expect(result[0]?.user._id).toBe('users:ok')
+  })
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,586 @@
+/* @vitest-environment node */
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+vi.mock('./lib/access', () => ({
+  assertModerator: vi.fn(),
+  requireUser: vi.fn(),
+}))
+
+vi.mock('./skillStatEvents', () => ({
+  insertStatEvent: vi.fn(),
+}))
+
+vi.mock('./lib/githubAccount', () => ({
+  requireGitHubAccountAge: vi.fn(),
+}))
+
+const { requireUser, assertModerator } = await import('./lib/access')
+const { insertStatEvent } = await import('./skillStatEvents')
+const { requireGitHubAccountAge } = await import('./lib/githubAccount')
+const { addHandler, removeHandler, reportHandler } = await import('./comments.handlers')
+
+describe('comments mutations', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.mocked(assertModerator).mockReset()
+    vi.mocked(requireUser).mockReset()
+    vi.mocked(insertStatEvent).mockReset()
+    vi.mocked(requireGitHubAccountAge).mockReset()
+    vi.restoreAllMocks()
+  })
+
+  it('add avoids direct skill patch and records stat event', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      user: { _id: 'users:1', role: 'user' },
+    } as never)
+    vi.mocked(requireGitHubAccountAge).mockResolvedValue(undefined as never)
+
+    const get = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      _id: 'skills:1',
+    })
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const patch = vi.fn()
+    const ctx = { db: { get, insert, patch } } as never
+
+    await addHandler(ctx, { skillId: 'skills:1', body: ' hello ' } as never)
+
+    expect(requireGitHubAccountAge).toHaveBeenCalledWith(ctx, 'users:1')
+    expect(patch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(insertStatEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(ctx, {
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      kind: 'comment',
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('add blocks new comments when github account age gate fails', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:new',
+      user: { _id: 'users:new', role: 'user' },
+    } as never)
+    vi.mocked(requireGitHubAccountAge).mockRejectedValue(
+      new Error('GitHub account must be at least 14 days old to upload skills. Try again in 3 days.'),
+    )
+
+    const get = vi.fn()
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const patch = vi.fn()
+    const ctx = { db: { get, insert, patch } } as never
+
+    await expect(addHandler(ctx, { skillId: 'skills:1', body: 'hello' } as never)).rejects.toThrow(
+      /at least 14 days old/i,
+    )
+
+    expect(get).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(insert).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(patch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(insertStatEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('remove keeps comment soft-delete patch free of updatedAt', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:2',
+      user: { _id: 'users:2', role: 'moderator' },
+    } as never)
+
+    const comment = {
+      _id: 'comments:1',
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      userId: 'users:2',
+      softDeletedAt: undefined,
+    }
+    const get = vi.fn(async (id: string) => {
+      if (id === 'comments:1') return comment
+      if (id === 'skills:1') {
+        return { _id: 'skills:1', softDeletedAt: undefined, moderationStatus: 'active' }
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const patch = vi.fn()
+    const ctx = { db: { get, insert, patch } } as never
+
+    await removeHandler(ctx, { commentId: 'comments:1' } as never)
+
+    expect(patch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    const deletePatch = vi.mocked(patch).mock.calls[0]?.[1] as Record<string, unknown>
+    expect(deletePatch.updatedAt).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(insertStatEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(ctx, {
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      kind: 'uncomment',
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('remove rejects non-owner without moderator permission', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:3',
+      user: { _id: 'users:3', role: 'user' },
+    } as never)
+    vi.mocked(assertModerator).mockImplementation(() => {
+      throw new Error('Moderator role required')
+    })
+
+    const comment = {
+      _id: 'comments:2',
+      skillId: 'skills:2',
+      userId: 'users:9',
+      softDeletedAt: undefined,
+    }
+    const get = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(comment)
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const patch = vi.fn()
+    const ctx = { db: { get, insert, patch } } as never
+
+    await expect(removeHandler(ctx, { commentId: 'comments:2' } as never)).rejects.toThrow(
+      'Moderator role required',
+    )
+    expect(patch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(insertStatEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('remove no-ops for soft-deleted comment', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:4',
+      user: { _id: 'users:4', role: 'moderator' },
+    } as never)
+
+    const comment = {
+      _id: 'comments:3',
+      skillId: 'skills:3',
+      userId: 'users:4',
+      softDeletedAt: 123,
+    }
+    const get = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(comment)
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const patch = vi.fn()
+    const ctx = { db: { get, insert, patch } } as never
+
+    await removeHandler(ctx, { commentId: 'comments:3' } as never)
+
+    expect(patch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(insert).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(insertStatEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('report increments count and stores reason', async () => {
+    vi.spyOn(Date, 'now').mockReturnValue(1_700_000_000_000)
+    vi.mocked(requireUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      user: { _id: 'users:1', role: 'user' },
+    } as never)
+
+    const comment = {
+      _id: 'comments:1',
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      userId: 'users:2',
+      softDeletedAt: undefined,
+      reportCount: 1,
+    }
+    const get = vi.fn(async (id: string) => {
+      if (id === 'comments:1') return comment
+      if (id === 'skills:1') {
+        return { _id: 'skills:1', softDeletedAt: undefined, moderationStatus: 'active' }
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const patch = vi.fn()
+    const query = vi.fn((table: string) => {
+      if (table === 'commentReports') {
+        return {
+          withIndex: (index: string) => {
+            if (index === 'by_comment_user') {
+              return { unique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) }
+            }
+            if (index === 'by_user') {
+              return { collect: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([]) }
+            }
+            throw new Error(`Unexpected index ${index}`)
+          },
+        }
+      }
+      throw new Error(`Unexpected table ${table}`)
+    })
+    const ctx = { db: { get, insert, patch, query } } as never
+
+    const result = await reportHandler(ctx, { commentId: 'comments:1', reason: '  spam  ' } as never)
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({ ok: true, reported: true, alreadyReported: false })
+    expect(insert).toHaveBeenCalledWith('commentReports', {
+      commentId: 'comments:1',
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      reason: 'spam',
+      createdAt: 1_700_000_000_000,
+    })
+    expect(patch).toHaveBeenCalledWith('comments:1', {
+      reportCount: 2,
+      lastReportedAt: 1_700_000_000_000,
+    })
+    expect(insertStatEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('report returns alreadyReported for duplicate reporter/comment pair', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      user: { _id: 'users:1', role: 'user' },
+    } as never)
+
+    const comment = {
+      _id: 'comments:dup',
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      userId: 'users:2',
+      softDeletedAt: undefined,
+      reportCount: 0,
+    }
+    const get = vi.fn(async (id: string) => {
+      if (id === 'comments:dup') return comment
+      if (id === 'skills:1') {
+        return { _id: 'skills:1', softDeletedAt: undefined, moderationStatus: 'active' }
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const patch = vi.fn()
+    const query = vi.fn((table: string) => {
+      if (table !== 'commentReports') throw new Error(`Unexpected table ${table}`)
+      return {
+        withIndex: (index: string) => {
+          if (index === 'by_comment_user') {
+            return { unique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ _id: 'commentReports:existing' }) }
+          }
+          throw new Error(`Unexpected index ${index}`)
+        },
+      }
+    })
+    const ctx = { db: { get, insert, patch, query } } as never
+
+    const result = await reportHandler(ctx, { commentId: 'comments:dup', reason: 'spam' } as never)
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({ ok: true, reported: false, alreadyReported: true })
+    expect(insert).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(patch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('report rejects empty reason', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      user: { _id: 'users:1', role: 'user' },
+    } as never)
+
+    const comment = {
+      _id: 'comments:empty',
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      userId: 'users:2',
+      softDeletedAt: undefined,
+      reportCount: 0,
+    }
+    const get = vi.fn(async (id: string) => {
+      if (id === 'comments:empty') return comment
+      if (id === 'skills:1') {
+        return { _id: 'skills:1', softDeletedAt: undefined, moderationStatus: 'active' }
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const patch = vi.fn()
+    const query = vi.fn()
+    const ctx = { db: { get, insert, patch, query } } as never
+
+    await expect(
+      reportHandler(ctx, { commentId: 'comments:empty', reason: '   ' } as never),
+    ).rejects.toThrow('Report reason required.')
+
+    expect(query).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(insert).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(patch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('report rejects comment when parent skill is hidden/removed', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      user: { _id: 'users:1', role: 'user' },
+    } as never)
+
+    const comment = {
+      _id: 'comments:hidden-parent',
+      skillId: 'skills:hidden',
+      userId: 'users:2',
+      softDeletedAt: undefined,
+      reportCount: 0,
+    }
+    const get = vi.fn(async (id: string) => {
+      if (id === 'comments:hidden-parent') return comment
+      if (id === 'skills:hidden') {
+        return { _id: 'skills:hidden', softDeletedAt: 123, moderationStatus: 'removed' }
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const patch = vi.fn()
+    const query = vi.fn()
+    const ctx = { db: { get, insert, patch, query } } as never
+
+    await expect(
+      reportHandler(ctx, { commentId: 'comments:hidden-parent', reason: 'abuse' } as never),
+    ).rejects.toThrow('Comment not found')
+
+    expect(query).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(insert).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(patch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('report truncates long reason to 500 chars', async () => {
+    vi.spyOn(Date, 'now').mockReturnValue(1_700_000_000_050)
+    vi.mocked(requireUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      user: { _id: 'users:1', role: 'user' },
+    } as never)
+
+    const comment = {
+      _id: 'comments:long',
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      userId: 'users:2',
+      softDeletedAt: undefined,
+      reportCount: 0,
+    }
+    const get = vi.fn(async (id: string) => {
+      if (id === 'comments:long') return comment
+      if (id === 'skills:1') {
+        return { _id: 'skills:1', softDeletedAt: undefined, moderationStatus: 'active' }
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const patch = vi.fn()
+    const query = vi.fn((table: string) => {
+      if (table !== 'commentReports') throw new Error(`Unexpected table ${table}`)
+      return {
+        withIndex: (index: string) => {
+          if (index === 'by_comment_user') return { unique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) }
+          if (index === 'by_user') return { collect: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([]) }
+          throw new Error(`Unexpected index ${index}`)
+        },
+      }
+    })
+    const ctx = { db: { get, insert, patch, query } } as never
+
+    await reportHandler(ctx, { commentId: 'comments:long', reason: 'x'.repeat(700) } as never)
+
+    const reportInsert = vi.mocked(insert).mock.calls.find((call) => call[0] === 'commentReports')
+    expect(reportInsert?.[1]).toMatchObject({
+      commentId: 'comments:long',
+      reason: 'x'.repeat(500),
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('report active-count filter ignores stale/non-active report targets', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      user: { _id: 'users:1', role: 'user' },
+    } as never)
+
+    const comment = {
+      _id: 'comments:target2',
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      userId: 'users:2',
+      softDeletedAt: undefined,
+      reportCount: 0,
+    }
+    const reports = [
+      { _id: 'commentReports:1', commentId: 'comments:deleted', userId: 'users:1', skillId: 'skills:1' },
+      { _id: 'commentReports:2', commentId: 'comments:removed-skill', userId: 'users:1', skillId: 'skills:removed' },
+      { _id: 'commentReports:3', commentId: 'comments:deleted-owner', userId: 'users:1', skillId: 'skills:active' },
+    ]
+    const get = vi.fn(async (id: string) => {
+      if (id === 'comments:target2') return comment
+      if (id === 'skills:1') {
+        return { _id: 'skills:1', softDeletedAt: undefined, moderationStatus: 'active' }
+      }
+      if (id === 'comments:deleted') {
+        return { _id: 'comments:deleted', softDeletedAt: 123, skillId: 'skills:1', userId: 'users:2' }
+      }
+      if (id === 'comments:removed-skill') {
+        return {
+          _id: 'comments:removed-skill',
+          softDeletedAt: undefined,
+          skillId: 'skills:removed',
+          userId: 'users:2',
+        }
+      }
+      if (id === 'skills:removed') {
+        return { _id: 'skills:removed', softDeletedAt: undefined, moderationStatus: 'removed' }
+      }
+      if (id === 'comments:deleted-owner') {
+        return {
+          _id: 'comments:deleted-owner',
+          softDeletedAt: undefined,
+          skillId: 'skills:active',
+          userId: 'users:deleted-owner',
+        }
+      }
+      if (id === 'skills:active') {
+        return { _id: 'skills:active', softDeletedAt: undefined, moderationStatus: 'active' }
+      }
+      if (id === 'users:deleted-owner') {
+        return { _id: 'users:deleted-owner', deletedAt: 1, deactivatedAt: undefined }
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const patch = vi.fn()
+    const query = vi.fn((table: string) => {
+      if (table !== 'commentReports') throw new Error(`Unexpected table ${table}`)
+      return {
+        withIndex: (index: string) => {
+          if (index === 'by_comment_user') return { unique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) }
+          if (index === 'by_user') return { collect: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(reports) }
+          throw new Error(`Unexpected index ${index}`)
+        },
+      }
+    })
+    const ctx = { db: { get, insert, patch, query } } as never
+
+    const result = await reportHandler(
+      ctx,
+      { commentId: 'comments:target2', reason: 'still allowed' } as never,
+    )
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({ ok: true, reported: true, alreadyReported: false })
+    expect(insert).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'commentReports',
+      expect.objectContaining({ commentId: 'comments:target2', userId: 'users:1' }),
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('report rejects when active report limit is reached', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      user: { _id: 'users:1', role: 'user' },
+    } as never)
+
+    const comment = {
+      _id: 'comments:target',
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      userId: 'users:2',
+      softDeletedAt: undefined,
+      reportCount: 0,
+    }
+    const reportedComment = {
+      _id: 'comments:reported',
+      skillId: 'skills:active',
+      userId: 'users:owner',
+      softDeletedAt: undefined,
+    }
+    const reports = Array.from({ length: 20 }, (_, i) => ({
+      _id: `commentReports:${i + 1}`,
+      commentId: `comments:reported-${i + 1}`,
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      skillId: 'skills:active',
+      createdAt: i + 1,
+    }))
+
+    const get = vi.fn(async (id: string) => {
+      if (id === 'comments:target') return comment
+      if (id === 'skills:1') {
+        return { _id: 'skills:1', softDeletedAt: undefined, moderationStatus: 'active' }
+      }
+      if (String(id).startsWith('comments:reported-')) return reportedComment
+      if (id === 'skills:active') {
+        return { _id: 'skills:active', softDeletedAt: undefined, moderationStatus: 'active' }
+      }
+      if (id === 'users:owner') {
+        return { _id: 'users:owner', deletedAt: undefined, deactivatedAt: undefined }
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const patch = vi.fn()
+    const query = vi.fn((table: string) => {
+      if (table === 'commentReports') {
+        return {
+          withIndex: (index: string) => {
+            if (index === 'by_comment_user') {
+              return { unique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) }
+            }
+            if (index === 'by_user') {
+              return { collect: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(reports) }
+            }
+            throw new Error(`Unexpected index ${index}`)
+          },
+        }
+      }
+      throw new Error(`Unexpected table ${table}`)
+    })
+    const ctx = { db: { get, insert, patch, query } } as never
+
+    await expect(
+      reportHandler(ctx, { commentId: 'comments:target', reason: 'abuse' } as never),
+    ).rejects.toThrow('Report limit reached. Please wait for moderation before reporting more.')
+
+    expect(insert).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(patch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('report auto-hides comment after fourth unique report', async () => {
+    vi.spyOn(Date, 'now').mockReturnValue(1_700_000_000_100)
+    vi.mocked(requireUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:3',
+      user: { _id: 'users:3', role: 'user' },
+    } as never)
+
+    const comment = {
+      _id: 'comments:4',
+      skillId: 'skills:9',
+      userId: 'users:2',
+      softDeletedAt: undefined,
+      reportCount: 3,
+    }
+    const get = vi.fn(async (id: string) => {
+      if (id === 'comments:4') return comment
+      if (id === 'skills:9') {
+        return { _id: 'skills:9', softDeletedAt: undefined, moderationStatus: 'active' }
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const patch = vi.fn()
+    const query = vi.fn((table: string) => {
+      if (table === 'commentReports') {
+        return {
+          withIndex: (index: string) => {
+            if (index === 'by_comment_user') {
+              return { unique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) }
+            }
+            if (index === 'by_user') {
+              return { collect: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([]) }
+            }
+            throw new Error(`Unexpected index ${index}`)
+          },
+        }
+      }
+      throw new Error(`Unexpected table ${table}`)
+    })
+    const ctx = { db: { get, insert, patch, query } } as never
+
+    const result = await reportHandler(ctx, { commentId: 'comments:4', reason: '  hate  ' } as never)
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({ ok: true, reported: true, alreadyReported: false })
+    expect(patch).toHaveBeenCalledWith('comments:4', {
+      reportCount: 4,
+      lastReportedAt: 1_700_000_000_100,
+      softDeletedAt: 1_700_000_000_100,
+    })
+    expect(insertStatEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(ctx, {
+      skillId: 'skills:9',
+      kind: 'uncomment',
+    })
+    expect(insert).toHaveBeenCalledWith('auditLogs', {
+      actorUserId: 'users:3',
+      action: 'comment.auto_hide',
+      targetType: 'comment',
+      targetId: 'comments:4',
+      metadata: { skillId: 'skills:9', reportCount: 4 },
+      createdAt: 1_700_000_000_100,
+    })
+  })
+})
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { v } from 'convex/values'
 import type { Doc } from './_generated/dataModel'
 import { mutation, query } from './_generated/server'
-import { assertModerator, requireUser } from './lib/access'
+import { addHandler, removeHandler, reportHandler } from './comments.handlers'
 import { type PublicUser, toPublicUser } from './lib/public'

 export const listBySkill = query({
@@ -14,75 +14,29 @@ export const listBySkill = query({
      .order('desc')
      .take(limit)

-    const results: Array<{ comment: Doc<'comments'>; user: PublicUser | null }> = []
-    for (const comment of comments) {
-      if (comment.softDeletedAt) continue
-      const user = toPublicUser(await ctx.db.get(comment.userId))
-      results.push({ comment, user })
-    }
-    return results
+    const rows = await Promise.all(
+      comments.map(async (comment): Promise<{ comment: Doc<'comments'>; user: PublicUser } | null> => {
+        if (comment.softDeletedAt) return null
+        const user = toPublicUser(await ctx.db.get(comment.userId))
+        if (!user) return null
+        return { comment, user }
+      }),
+    )
+    return rows.filter((row): row is { comment: Doc<'comments'>; user: PublicUser } => row !== null)
  },
 })

 export const add = mutation({
  args: { skillId: v.id('skills'), body: v.string() },
-  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
-    const { userId } = await requireUser(ctx)
-    const body = args.body.trim()
-    if (!body) throw new Error('Comment body required')
-
-    const skill = await ctx.db.get(args.skillId)
-    if (!skill) throw new Error('Skill not found')
-
-    await ctx.db.insert('comments', {
-      skillId: args.skillId,
-      userId,
-      body,
-      createdAt: Date.now(),
-      softDeletedAt: undefined,
-      deletedBy: undefined,
-    })
-
-    await ctx.db.patch(skill._id, {
-      stats: { ...skill.stats, comments: skill.stats.comments + 1 },
-      updatedAt: Date.now(),
-    })
-  },
+  handler: addHandler,
 })

 export const remove = mutation({
  args: { commentId: v.id('comments') },
-  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
-    const { user } = await requireUser(ctx)
-    const comment = await ctx.db.get(args.commentId)
-    if (!comment) throw new Error('Comment not found')
-    if (comment.softDeletedAt) return
+  handler: removeHandler,
+})

-    const isOwner = comment.userId === user._id
-    if (!isOwner) {
-      assertModerator(user)
-    }
-
-    await ctx.db.patch(comment._id, {
-      softDeletedAt: Date.now(),
-      deletedBy: user._id,
-    })
-
-    const skill = await ctx.db.get(comment.skillId)
-    if (skill) {
-      await ctx.db.patch(skill._id, {
-        stats: { ...skill.stats, comments: Math.max(0, skill.stats.comments - 1) },
-        updatedAt: Date.now(),
-      })
-    }
-
-    await ctx.db.insert('auditLogs', {
-      actorUserId: user._id,
-      action: 'comment.delete',
-      targetType: 'comment',
-      targetId: comment._id,
-      metadata: { skillId: comment.skillId },
-      createdAt: Date.now(),
-    })
-  },
+export const report = mutation({
+  args: { commentId: v.id('comments'), reason: v.string() },
+  handler: reportHandler,
 })
@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@ crons.interval(

 crons.interval(
  'skill-stats-backfill',
-  { minutes: 10 },
+  { hours: 6 },
  internal.statsMaintenance.runSkillStatBackfillInternal,
  { batchSize: 200, maxBatches: 5 },
 )

+// Runs frequently to keep dailyStats/trending accurate,
+// but does NOT patch skill documents (only writes to skillDailyStats).
 crons.interval(
  'skill-stat-events',
  { minutes: 15 },
@@ -31,4 +33,37 @@ crons.interval(
  {},
 )

+// Syncs accumulated stat deltas to skill documents every 6 hours.
+// Runs infrequently to avoid thundering-herd reactive query invalidation.
+// Uses processedAt field to track progress (independent of the action cursor).
+crons.interval(
+  'skill-doc-stat-sync',
+  { hours: 6 },
+  internal.skillStatEvents.processSkillStatEventsInternal,
+  { batchSize: 500 },
+)
+
+crons.interval(
+  'global-stats-update',
+  { minutes: 60 },
+  internal.statsMaintenance.updateGlobalStatsInternal,
+  {},
+)
+
+crons.interval('vt-pending-scans', { minutes: 5 }, internal.vt.pollPendingScans, { batchSize: 100 })
+
+crons.interval('vt-cache-backfill', { minutes: 30 }, internal.vt.backfillActiveSkillsVTCache, {
+  batchSize: 100,
+})
+
+// Daily re-scan of all active skills at 3am UTC
+crons.daily('vt-daily-rescan', { hourUTC: 3, minuteUTC: 0 }, internal.vt.rescanActiveSkills, {})
+
+crons.interval(
+  'download-dedupe-prune',
+  { hours: 24 },
+  internal.downloads.pruneDownloadDedupesInternal,
+  {},
+)
+
 export default crons
@@ -435,6 +435,7 @@ export const seedSkillMutation = internalMutation({
      visibility: 'latest-approved',
      updatedAt: now,
    })
+    await ctx.db.insert('embeddingSkillMap', { embeddingId, skillId })

    await ctx.db.patch(skillId, {
      latestVersionId: versionId,
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { __test } from './downloads'
+
+describe('downloads helpers', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.unstubAllEnvs()
+  })
+
+  it('calculates hour start boundaries', () => {
+    const hour = 3_600_000
+    expect(__test.getHourStart(0)).toBe(0)
+    expect(__test.getHourStart(hour - 1)).toBe(0)
+    expect(__test.getHourStart(hour)).toBe(hour)
+    expect(__test.getHourStart(hour + 1)).toBe(hour)
+  })
+
+  it('prefers user identity when token user exists', () => {
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: { 'cf-connecting-ip': '1.2.3.4' },
+    })
+    expect(__test.getDownloadIdentityValue(request, 'users_123')).toBe('user:users_123')
+  })
+
+  it('uses cf-connecting-ip for anonymous identity', () => {
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: { 'cf-connecting-ip': '1.2.3.4' },
+    })
+    expect(__test.getDownloadIdentityValue(request, null)).toBe('ip:1.2.3.4')
+  })
+
+  it('falls back to forwarded ip when explicitly enabled', () => {
+    vi.stubEnv('TRUST_FORWARDED_IPS', 'true')
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: { 'x-forwarded-for': '10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2' },
+    })
+    expect(__test.getDownloadIdentityValue(request, null)).toBe('ip:10.0.0.1')
+  })
+
+  it('returns null when user and ip are missing', () => {
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com')
+    expect(__test.getDownloadIdentityValue(request, null)).toBeNull()
+  })
+})
@@ -1,9 +1,18 @@
 import { v } from 'convex/values'
-import { zipSync } from 'fflate'
-import { api } from './_generated/api'
-import { httpAction, mutation } from './_generated/server'
+import { api, internal } from './_generated/api'
+import { httpAction, internalMutation, mutation } from './_generated/server'
+import { getOptionalApiTokenUserId } from './lib/apiTokenAuth'
+import { applyRateLimit, getClientIp } from './lib/httpRateLimit'
+import { corsHeaders, mergeHeaders } from './lib/httpHeaders'
+import { buildDeterministicZip } from './lib/skillZip'
+import { hashToken } from './lib/tokens'
 import { insertStatEvent } from './skillStatEvents'

+const HOUR_MS = 3_600_000
+const DEDUPE_RETENTION_MS = 7 * 24 * HOUR_MS
+const PRUNE_BATCH_SIZE = 200
+const PRUNE_MAX_BATCHES = 50
+
 export const downloadZip = httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
  const url = new URL(request.url)
  const slug = url.searchParams.get('slug')?.trim().toLowerCase()
@@ -11,12 +20,54 @@ export const downloadZip = httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
  const tagParam = url.searchParams.get('tag')?.trim()

  if (!slug) {
-    return new Response('Missing slug', { status: 400 })
+    return new Response('Missing slug', {
+      status: 400,
+      headers: corsHeaders(),
+    })
  }

+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'download')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
  const skillResult = await ctx.runQuery(api.skills.getBySlug, { slug })
  if (!skillResult?.skill) {
-    return new Response('Skill not found', { status: 404 })
+    return new Response('Skill not found', {
+      status: 404,
+      headers: mergeHeaders(rate.headers, corsHeaders()),
+    })
+  }
+
+  // Block downloads based on moderation status.
+  const mod = skillResult.moderationInfo
+  if (mod?.isMalwareBlocked) {
+    return new Response(
+      'Blocked: this skill has been flagged as malicious by VirusTotal and cannot be downloaded.',
+      {
+        status: 403,
+        headers: mergeHeaders(rate.headers, corsHeaders()),
+      },
+    )
+  }
+  if (mod?.isPendingScan) {
+    return new Response(
+      'This skill is pending a security scan by VirusTotal. Please try again in a few minutes.',
+      {
+        status: 423,
+        headers: mergeHeaders(rate.headers, corsHeaders()),
+      },
+    )
+  }
+  if (mod?.isRemoved) {
+    return new Response('This skill has been removed by a moderator.', {
+      status: 410,
+      headers: mergeHeaders(rate.headers, corsHeaders()),
+    })
+  }
+  if (mod?.isHiddenByMod) {
+    return new Response('This skill is currently unavailable.', {
+      status: 403,
+      headers: mergeHeaders(rate.headers, corsHeaders()),
+    })
  }

  const skill = skillResult.skill
@@ -35,44 +86,140 @@ export const downloadZip = httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
  }

  if (!version) {
-    return new Response('Version not found', { status: 404 })
+    return new Response('Version not found', {
+      status: 404,
+      headers: mergeHeaders(rate.headers, corsHeaders()),
+    })
  }
  if (version.softDeletedAt) {
-    return new Response('Version not available', { status: 410 })
+    return new Response('Version not available', {
+      status: 410,
+      headers: mergeHeaders(rate.headers, corsHeaders()),
+    })
  }

-  const files: Record<string, Uint8Array> = {}
+  const entries: Array<{ path: string; bytes: Uint8Array }> = []
  for (const file of version.files) {
    const blob = await ctx.storage.get(file.storageId)
    if (!blob) continue
    const buffer = new Uint8Array(await blob.arrayBuffer())
-    files[file.path] = buffer
+    entries.push({ path: file.path, bytes: buffer })
  }
-
-  const zipData = zipSync(files, { level: 6 })
-  const zipArray = Uint8Array.from(zipData)
+  const zipArray = buildDeterministicZip(entries, {
+    ownerId: String(skill.ownerUserId),
+    slug: skill.slug,
+    version: version.version,
+    publishedAt: version.createdAt,
+  })
  const zipBlob = new Blob([zipArray], { type: 'application/zip' })

-  await ctx.runMutation(api.downloads.increment, { skillId: skill._id })
+  try {
+    const userId = await getOptionalApiTokenUserId(ctx, request)
+    const identity = getDownloadIdentityValue(request, userId ? String(userId) : null)
+    if (identity) {
+      await ctx.runMutation(internal.downloads.recordDownloadInternal, {
+        skillId: skill._id,
+        identityHash: await hashToken(identity),
+        hourStart: getHourStart(Date.now()),
+      })
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // Best-effort metric path; do not fail downloads.
+  }

  return new Response(zipBlob, {
    status: 200,
-    headers: {
-      'Content-Type': 'application/zip',
-      'Content-Disposition': `attachment; filename="${slug}-${version.version}.zip"`,
-      'Cache-Control': 'private, max-age=60',
-    },
+    headers: mergeHeaders(
+      rate.headers,
+      {
+        'Content-Type': 'application/zip',
+        'Content-Disposition': `attachment; filename="${slug}-${version.version}.zip"`,
+        'Cache-Control': 'private, max-age=60',
+      },
+      corsHeaders(),
+    ),
  })
 })

 export const increment = mutation({
  args: { skillId: v.id('skills') },
  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
-    const skill = await ctx.db.get(args.skillId)
-    if (!skill) return
+    // Skip db.get to avoid adding the skill doc to the read set.
+    // The calling HTTP action already validated the skill exists,
+    // and the stat processor handles deleted skills gracefully.
    await insertStatEvent(ctx, {
-      skillId: skill._id,
+      skillId: args.skillId,
      kind: 'download',
    })
  },
 })
+
+export const recordDownloadInternal = internalMutation({
+  args: {
+    skillId: v.id('skills'),
+    identityHash: v.string(),
+    hourStart: v.number(),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const existing = await ctx.db
+      .query('downloadDedupes')
+      .withIndex('by_skill_identity_hour', (q) =>
+        q
+          .eq('skillId', args.skillId)
+          .eq('identityHash', args.identityHash)
+          .eq('hourStart', args.hourStart),
+      )
+      .unique()
+    if (existing) return
+
+    await ctx.db.insert('downloadDedupes', {
+      skillId: args.skillId,
+      identityHash: args.identityHash,
+      hourStart: args.hourStart,
+      createdAt: Date.now(),
+    })
+
+    await insertStatEvent(ctx, {
+      skillId: args.skillId,
+      kind: 'download',
+    })
+  },
+})
+
+export const pruneDownloadDedupesInternal = internalMutation({
+  args: {},
+  handler: async (ctx) => {
+    const cutoff = Date.now() - DEDUPE_RETENTION_MS
+
+    for (let batches = 0; batches < PRUNE_MAX_BATCHES; batches += 1) {
+      const stale = await ctx.db
+        .query('downloadDedupes')
+        .withIndex('by_hour', (q) => q.lt('hourStart', cutoff))
+        .take(PRUNE_BATCH_SIZE)
+
+      if (stale.length === 0) break
+
+      for (const entry of stale) {
+        await ctx.db.delete(entry._id)
+      }
+
+      if (stale.length < PRUNE_BATCH_SIZE) break
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+export function getHourStart(timestamp: number) {
+  return Math.floor(timestamp / HOUR_MS) * HOUR_MS
+}
+
+export function getDownloadIdentityValue(request: Request, userId: string | null) {
+  if (userId) return `user:${userId}`
+  const ip = getClientIp(request)
+  if (!ip) return null
+  return `ip:${ip}`
+}
+
+export const __test = {
+  getHourStart,
+  getDownloadIdentityValue,
+}
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ export type SyncGitHubBackupsResult = {
    skillsScanned: number
    skillsSkipped: number
    skillsBackedUp: number
+    skillsDeleted: number
    skillsMissingVersion: number
    skillsMissingOwner: number
    errors: number
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ export const getGitHubBackupPageInternal = internalQuery({
      }

      const owner = await ctx.db.get(skill.ownerUserId)
-      if (!owner || owner.deletedAt) {
+      if (!owner || owner.deletedAt || owner.deactivatedAt) {
        items.push({ kind: 'missingOwner', skillId: skill._id, ownerUserId: skill.ownerUserId })
        continue
      }
@@ -7,9 +7,12 @@ import type { ActionCtx } from './_generated/server'
 import { internalAction } from './_generated/server'
 import {
  backupSkillToGitHub,
+  deleteGitHubSkillBackup,
  fetchGitHubSkillMeta,
  getGitHubBackupContext,
  isGitHubBackupConfigured,
+  listGitHubSkillBackupEntries,
+  normalizeOwner,
 } from './lib/githubBackup'

 const DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE = 50
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@ export type GitHubBackupSyncStats = {
  skillsScanned: number
  skillsSkipped: number
  skillsBackedUp: number
+  skillsDeleted: number
  skillsMissingVersion: number
  skillsMissingOwner: number
  errors: number
@@ -87,6 +91,7 @@ export async function syncGitHubBackupsInternalHandler(
    skillsScanned: 0,
    skillsSkipped: 0,
    skillsBackedUp: 0,
+    skillsDeleted: 0,
    skillsMissingVersion: 0,
    skillsMissingOwner: 0,
    errors: 0,
@@ -166,9 +171,69 @@ export async function syncGitHubBackupsInternalHandler(
    if (isDone) break
  }

+  await pruneDeletedSkillBackups(ctx, context, dryRun, stats)
+
  return { stats, cursor, isDone }
 }

+async function pruneDeletedSkillBackups(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+  context: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof getGitHubBackupContext>>,
+  dryRun: boolean,
+  stats: GitHubBackupSyncStats,
+) {
+  let entries: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof listGitHubSkillBackupEntries>>
+  try {
+    entries = await listGitHubSkillBackupEntries(context)
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('GitHub backup cleanup list failed', error)
+    stats.errors += 1
+    return
+  }
+
+  for (const entry of entries) {
+    try {
+      const skill = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getSkillBySlugInternal, {
+        slug: entry.slug,
+      })) as Doc<'skills'> | null
+      if (!skill || skill.softDeletedAt) {
+        await deleteBackupIfNeeded(context, entry, dryRun, stats)
+        continue
+      }
+
+      const owner = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.users.getByIdInternal, {
+        userId: skill.ownerUserId,
+      })) as Doc<'users'> | null
+      if (!owner || owner.deletedAt || owner.deactivatedAt) {
+        await deleteBackupIfNeeded(context, entry, dryRun, stats)
+        continue
+      }
+
+      const ownerHandle = normalizeOwner(owner.handle ?? owner._id)
+      if (ownerHandle !== entry.owner) {
+        await deleteBackupIfNeeded(context, entry, dryRun, stats)
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error('GitHub backup cleanup failed', error)
+      stats.errors += 1
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+async function deleteBackupIfNeeded(
+  context: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof getGitHubBackupContext>>,
+  entry: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof listGitHubSkillBackupEntries>>[number],
+  dryRun: boolean,
+  stats: GitHubBackupSyncStats,
+) {
+  const result = dryRun
+    ? { deleted: true as const }
+    : await deleteGitHubSkillBackup(context, entry.owner, entry.slug)
+  if (result.deleted) {
+    stats.skillsDeleted += 1
+  }
+}
+
 export const syncGitHubBackupsInternal = internalAction({
  args: {
    dryRun: v.optional(v.boolean()),
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import { v } from 'convex/values'
+import { internalQuery } from './_generated/server'
+import { getGitHubProviderAccountId } from './lib/githubIdentity'
+
+export const getGitHubProviderAccountIdInternal = internalQuery({
+  args: { userId: v.id('users') },
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => getGitHubProviderAccountId(ctx, args.userId),
+})
+
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/* @vitest-environment node */
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { __test } from './githubImport'
+import { buildGitHubZipForTests } from './lib/githubImport'
+
+describe('githubImport', () => {
+  it('formats storage failure message with file context', () => {
+    const message = __test.buildStoreFailureMessage('skill/SKILL.md', 123, new Error('disk full'))
+    expect(message).toBe('Failed to store file "skill/SKILL.md" (123 bytes). disk full')
+  })
+
+  it('formats publish failure message with fallback text', () => {
+    expect(__test.buildPublishFailureMessage(new Error('slug exists'))).toBe(
+      'Import failed during publish: slug exists. Check skill format, slug availability, and try again.',
+    )
+    expect(__test.buildPublishFailureMessage('unexpected')).toBe(
+      'Import failed during publish: unexpected. Check skill format, slug availability, and try again.',
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('filters mac junk files while unzipping archive entries', () => {
+    const zip = buildGitHubZipForTests({
+      'demo-repo/skill/SKILL.md': '# Demo',
+      'demo-repo/skill/notes.md': 'notes',
+      'demo-repo/skill/.DS_Store': 'junk',
+      'demo-repo/skill/._notes.md': 'junk',
+      'demo-repo/__MACOSX/._SKILL.md': 'junk',
+    })
+
+    const entries = __test.unzipToEntries(zip)
+    expect(Object.keys(entries).sort()).toEqual([
+      'demo-repo/skill/SKILL.md',
+      'demo-repo/skill/notes.md',
+    ])
+  })
+})
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import {
  suggestVersion,
 } from './lib/githubImport'
 import { publishVersionForUser } from './lib/skillPublish'
-import { sanitizePath } from './lib/skills'
+import { isMacJunkPath, sanitizePath } from './lib/skills'

 const MAX_SELECTED_BYTES = 50 * 1024 * 1024
 const MAX_UNZIPPED_BYTES = 80 * 1024 * 1024
@@ -192,7 +192,12 @@ export const importGitHubSkill = action({

      const sha256 = await sha256Hex(bytes)
      const safeBytes = new Uint8Array(bytes)
-      const storageId = await ctx.storage.store(new Blob([safeBytes], { type: 'text/plain' }))
+      let storageId: Id<'_storage'>
+      try {
+        storageId = await ctx.storage.store(new Blob([safeBytes], { type: 'text/plain' }))
+      } catch (error) {
+        throw new ConvexError(buildStoreFailureMessage(sanitized, bytes.byteLength, error))
+      }
      storedFiles.push({
        path: sanitized,
        size: bytes.byteLength,
@@ -213,23 +218,28 @@ export const importGitHubSkill = action({
    if (!displayName) throw new ConvexError('Display name required')
    if (!version || !semver.valid(version)) throw new ConvexError('Version must be valid semver')

-    const result = await publishVersionForUser(ctx, userId, {
-      slug: slugBase,
-      displayName,
-      version,
-      changelog: '',
-      tags,
-      files: storedFiles,
-      source: {
-        kind: 'github',
-        url: resolved.originalUrl,
-        repo: `${resolved.owner}/${resolved.repo}`,
-        ref: resolved.ref,
-        commit: resolved.commit,
-        path: candidate.path,
-        importedAt: Date.now(),
-      },
-    })
+    let result: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof publishVersionForUser>>
+    try {
+      result = await publishVersionForUser(ctx, userId, {
+        slug: slugBase,
+        displayName,
+        version,
+        changelog: '',
+        tags,
+        files: storedFiles,
+        source: {
+          kind: 'github',
+          url: resolved.originalUrl,
+          repo: `${resolved.owner}/${resolved.repo}`,
+          ref: resolved.ref,
+          commit: resolved.commit,
+          path: candidate.path,
+          importedAt: Date.now(),
+        },
+      })
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw new ConvexError(buildPublishFailureMessage(error))
+    }

    return { ok: true, slug: slugBase, version, ...result }
  },
@@ -244,7 +254,7 @@ function unzipToEntries(zipBytes: Uint8Array) {
  for (const [rawPath, bytes] of Object.entries(entries)) {
    const normalizedPath = normalizeZipPath(rawPath)
    if (!normalizedPath) continue
-    if (isJunkPath(normalizedPath)) continue
+    if (isMacJunkPath(normalizedPath)) continue
    if (!bytes) continue
    if (bytes.byteLength > MAX_SINGLE_FILE_BYTES) continue
    totalBytes += bytes.byteLength
@@ -308,10 +318,20 @@ function normalizeZipPath(path: string) {
  return normalized
 }

-function isJunkPath(path: string) {
-  const normalized = path.toLowerCase()
-  if (normalized.startsWith('__macosx/')) return true
-  if (normalized.endsWith('/.ds_store')) return true
-  if (normalized === '.ds_store') return true
-  return false
+function toErrorMessage(error: unknown) {
+  return error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)
+}
+
+function buildStoreFailureMessage(path: string, sizeBytes: number, error: unknown) {
+  return `Failed to store file "${path}" (${sizeBytes} bytes). ${toErrorMessage(error)}`
+}
+
+function buildPublishFailureMessage(error: unknown) {
+  return `Import failed during publish: ${toErrorMessage(error)}. Check skill format, slug availability, and try again.`
+}
+
+export const __test = {
+  buildPublishFailureMessage,
+  buildStoreFailureMessage,
+  unzipToEntries,
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+'use node'
+
+import { v } from 'convex/values'
+import { internal } from './_generated/api'
+import type { Doc, Id } from './_generated/dataModel'
+import { internalAction } from './_generated/server'
+import {
+  fetchGitHubSkillMeta,
+  getGitHubBackupContext,
+  isGitHubBackupConfigured,
+} from './lib/githubBackup'
+import { assertAdmin } from './lib/access'
+import {
+  listGitHubBackupFiles,
+  readGitHubBackupFile,
+} from './lib/githubRestoreHelpers'
+import { publishVersionForUser } from './lib/skillPublish'
+import { guessContentTypeForPath } from './lib/contentTypes'
+
+type RestoreResult = {
+  slug: string
+  status: 'restored' | 'slug_conflict' | 'already_exists' | 'no_backup' | 'error'
+  detail?: string
+}
+
+type BulkRestoreResult = {
+  results: RestoreResult[]
+  totalRestored: number
+  totalConflicts: number
+  totalSkipped: number
+  totalErrors: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * Admin-only: restore a single skill from GitHub backup.
+ * Reads the backup files from the GitHub repo and re-creates the skill in the database.
+ */
+export const restoreSkillFromBackup = internalAction({
+  args: {
+    actorUserId: v.id('users'),
+    ownerHandle: v.string(),
+    ownerUserId: v.id('users'),
+    slug: v.string(),
+    forceOverwriteSquatter: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args): Promise<RestoreResult> => {
+    try {
+      const actor = await ctx.runQuery(internal.users.getByIdInternal, {
+        userId: args.actorUserId,
+      })
+      if (!actor || actor.deletedAt || actor.deactivatedAt) {
+        return { slug: args.slug, status: 'error', detail: 'Actor not found' }
+      }
+      assertAdmin(actor as Doc<'users'>)
+
+      if (!isGitHubBackupConfigured()) {
+        return { slug: args.slug, status: 'error', detail: 'GitHub backup not configured' }
+      }
+
+      const ghContext = await getGitHubBackupContext()
+
+      // Check if skill already exists in the DB
+      const existingSkill = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getSkillBySlugInternal, {
+        slug: args.slug,
+      })) as Doc<'skills'> | null
+
+      if (existingSkill) {
+        if (existingSkill.ownerUserId === args.ownerUserId) {
+          return { slug: args.slug, status: 'already_exists', detail: 'Skill already owned by user' }
+        }
+
+        if (!args.forceOverwriteSquatter) {
+          return {
+            slug: args.slug,
+            status: 'slug_conflict',
+            detail: `Slug occupied by another user. Set forceOverwriteSquatter=true to reclaim.`,
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Free the slug in-transaction by renaming the squatter, then enqueue cleanup.
+        await ctx.runMutation(internal.githubRestoreMutations.evictSquatterSkillForRestoreInternal, {
+          actorUserId: args.actorUserId,
+          slug: args.slug,
+          rightfulOwnerUserId: args.ownerUserId,
+        })
+      }
+
+      // Fetch metadata from GitHub backup
+      const meta = await fetchGitHubSkillMeta(ghContext, args.ownerHandle, args.slug)
+      if (!meta) {
+        return { slug: args.slug, status: 'no_backup', detail: 'No backup found in GitHub repo' }
+      }
+
+      // Read the actual files from the backup
+      const backupFiles = await listGitHubBackupFiles(ghContext, args.ownerHandle, args.slug)
+      if (backupFiles.length === 0) {
+        return { slug: args.slug, status: 'no_backup', detail: 'Backup has no files' }
+      }
+
+      // Download and store each file in Convex storage
+      const storedFiles: Array<{
+        path: string
+        size: number
+        storageId: Id<'_storage'>
+        sha256: string
+        contentType: string
+      }> = []
+
+      for (const filePath of backupFiles) {
+        const fileContent = await readGitHubBackupFile(ghContext, args.ownerHandle, args.slug, filePath)
+        if (!fileContent) continue
+
+        const sha256 = await sha256Hex(fileContent)
+        const contentType = guessContentTypeForPath(filePath)
+        const blob = new Blob([Buffer.from(fileContent)], { type: contentType })
+        const storageId = await ctx.storage.store(blob)
+
+        storedFiles.push({
+          path: filePath,
+          size: fileContent.byteLength,
+          storageId,
+          sha256,
+          contentType,
+        })
+      }
+
+      if (storedFiles.length === 0) {
+        return { slug: args.slug, status: 'error', detail: 'Could not download any backup files' }
+      }
+
+      await publishVersionForUser(
+        ctx,
+        args.ownerUserId,
+        {
+          slug: args.slug,
+          displayName: meta.displayName,
+          version: meta.latest.version,
+          changelog: 'Restored from GitHub backup',
+          files: storedFiles,
+        },
+        {
+          bypassGitHubAccountAge: true,
+          bypassNewSkillRateLimit: true,
+          bypassQualityGate: true,
+          skipBackup: true,
+          skipWebhook: true,
+        },
+      )
+
+      return { slug: args.slug, status: 'restored' }
+    } catch (error) {
+      const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'
+      console.error(`[restore] Failed to restore ${args.slug}:`, message)
+      return { slug: args.slug, status: 'error', detail: message }
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+/**
+ * Admin-only: bulk restore all skills for a user from GitHub backup.
+ */
+export const restoreUserSkillsFromBackup = internalAction({
+  args: {
+    actorUserId: v.id('users'),
+    ownerHandle: v.string(),
+    ownerUserId: v.id('users'),
+    slugs: v.array(v.string()),
+    forceOverwriteSquatter: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args): Promise<BulkRestoreResult> => {
+    const results: RestoreResult[] = []
+    let totalRestored = 0
+    let totalConflicts = 0
+    let totalSkipped = 0
+    let totalErrors = 0
+
+    for (const slug of args.slugs) {
+      const result = (await ctx.runAction(internal.githubRestore.restoreSkillFromBackup, {
+        actorUserId: args.actorUserId,
+        ownerHandle: args.ownerHandle,
+        ownerUserId: args.ownerUserId,
+        slug,
+        forceOverwriteSquatter: args.forceOverwriteSquatter,
+      })) as RestoreResult
+
+      results.push(result)
+
+      switch (result.status) {
+        case 'restored':
+          totalRestored += 1
+          break
+        case 'slug_conflict':
+          totalConflicts += 1
+          break
+        case 'already_exists':
+        case 'no_backup':
+          totalSkipped += 1
+          break
+        case 'error':
+          totalErrors += 1
+          break
+      }
+    }
+
+    return { results, totalRestored, totalConflicts, totalSkipped, totalErrors }
+  },
+})
+
+async function sha256Hex(bytes: Uint8Array) {
+  const { createHash } = await import('node:crypto')
+  const hash = createHash('sha256')
+  hash.update(bytes)
+  return hash.digest('hex')
+}
+
+// guessContentTypeForPath in lib/contentTypes.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import { v } from 'convex/values'
+import { internal } from './_generated/api'
+import { internalMutation } from './_generated/server'
+import { assertAdmin } from './lib/access'
+
+export const evictSquatterSkillForRestoreInternal = internalMutation({
+  args: {
+    actorUserId: v.id('users'),
+    slug: v.string(),
+    rightfulOwnerUserId: v.id('users'),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const actor = await ctx.db.get(args.actorUserId)
+    if (!actor || actor.deletedAt || actor.deactivatedAt) throw new Error('Actor not found')
+    assertAdmin(actor)
+
+    const slug = args.slug.trim().toLowerCase()
+    if (!slug) throw new Error('Slug required')
+
+    const now = Date.now()
+
+    const existingSkill = await ctx.db
+      .query('skills')
+      .withIndex('by_slug', (q) => q.eq('slug', slug))
+      .unique()
+    if (!existingSkill) return { ok: true as const, action: 'noop' as const }
+    if (existingSkill.ownerUserId === args.rightfulOwnerUserId) {
+      return { ok: true as const, action: 'already_owned' as const }
+    }
+
+    const evictedSlug = buildEvictedSlug(slug, now)
+
+    // Free the slug immediately (same transaction) by renaming the squatter's skill.
+    await ctx.db.patch(existingSkill._id, {
+      slug: evictedSlug,
+      softDeletedAt: now,
+      hiddenAt: existingSkill.hiddenAt ?? now,
+      hiddenBy: existingSkill.hiddenBy ?? actor._id,
+      updatedAt: now,
+    })
+
+    // Remove from vector search ASAP.
+    const embeddings = await ctx.db
+      .query('skillEmbeddings')
+      .withIndex('by_skill', (q) => q.eq('skillId', existingSkill._id))
+      .collect()
+    for (const embedding of embeddings) {
+      await ctx.db.patch(embedding._id, {
+        visibility: 'deleted',
+        updatedAt: now,
+      })
+    }
+
+    // Cleanup the rest asynchronously (versions, fingerprints, installs, etc.)
+    await ctx.scheduler.runAfter(0, internal.skills.hardDeleteInternal, {
+      skillId: existingSkill._id,
+      actorUserId: actor._id,
+      phase: 'versions',
+    })
+
+    await ctx.db.insert('auditLogs', {
+      actorUserId: actor._id,
+      action: 'slug.reclaim.sync',
+      targetType: 'skill',
+      targetId: existingSkill._id,
+      metadata: {
+        slug,
+        evictedSlug,
+        squatterUserId: existingSkill.ownerUserId,
+        rightfulOwnerUserId: args.rightfulOwnerUserId,
+        reason: 'Synchronous eviction during GitHub restore',
+      },
+      createdAt: now,
+    })
+
+    return { ok: true as const, action: 'evicted' as const, evictedSlug }
+  },
+})
+
+function buildEvictedSlug(slug: string, now: number) {
+  const suffix = now.toString(36)
+  return `${slug}-evicted-${suffix}`
+}
+
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export const getGitHubSoulBackupPageInternal = internalQuery({
      }

      const owner = await ctx.db.get(soul.ownerUserId)
-      if (!owner || owner.deletedAt) {
+      if (!owner || owner.deletedAt || owner.deactivatedAt) {
        items.push({ kind: 'missingOwner', soulId: soul._id, ownerUserId: soul.ownerUserId })
        continue
      }
@@ -28,8 +28,11 @@ import {
  soulsPostRouterV1Http,
  starsDeleteRouterV1Http,
  starsPostRouterV1Http,
+  usersListV1Http,
+  usersPostRouterV1Http,
  whoamiV1Http,
 } from './httpApiV1'
+import { preflightHandler } from './httpPreflight'

 const http = httpRouter()

@@ -101,6 +104,18 @@ http.route({
  handler: whoamiV1Http,
 })

+http.route({
+  pathPrefix: `${ApiRoutes.users}/`,
+  method: 'POST',
+  handler: usersPostRouterV1Http,
+})
+
+http.route({
+  path: ApiRoutes.users,
+  method: 'GET',
+  handler: usersListV1Http,
+})
+
 http.route({
  path: ApiRoutes.souls,
  method: 'GET',
@@ -131,6 +146,12 @@ http.route({
  handler: soulsDeleteRouterV1Http,
 })

+http.route({
+  pathPrefix: '/api/',
+  method: 'OPTIONS',
+  handler: preflightHandler,
+})
+
 // TODO: remove legacy /api routes after deprecation window.
 http.route({
  path: LegacyApiRoutes.download,
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import type { Id } from './_generated/dataModel'
 import type { ActionCtx } from './_generated/server'
 import { httpAction } from './_generated/server'
 import { requireApiTokenUser } from './lib/apiTokenAuth'
+import { corsHeaders, mergeHeaders } from './lib/httpHeaders'
 import { publishVersionForUser } from './skills'

 type SearchSkillEntry = {
@@ -241,20 +242,26 @@ export const cliTelemetrySyncHttp = httpAction(cliTelemetrySyncHandler)
 function json(value: unknown, status = 200) {
  return new Response(JSON.stringify(value), {
    status,
-    headers: {
-      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-      'Cache-Control': 'no-store',
-    },
+    headers: mergeHeaders(
+      {
+        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        'Cache-Control': 'no-store',
+      },
+      corsHeaders(),
+    ),
  })
 }

 function text(value: string, status: number) {
  return new Response(value, {
    status,
-    headers: {
-      'Content-Type': 'text/plain; charset=utf-8',
-      'Cache-Control': 'no-store',
-    },
+    headers: mergeHeaders(
+      {
+        'Content-Type': 'text/plain; charset=utf-8',
+        'Cache-Control': 'no-store',
+      },
+      corsHeaders(),
+    ),
  })
 }

@@ -3,20 +3,52 @@ import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'

 vi.mock('./lib/apiTokenAuth', () => ({
  requireApiTokenUser: vi.fn(),
+  getOptionalApiTokenUserId: vi.fn(),
 }))

 vi.mock('./skills', () => ({
  publishVersionForUser: vi.fn(),
 }))

-const { requireApiTokenUser } = await import('./lib/apiTokenAuth')
+const { getOptionalApiTokenUserId, requireApiTokenUser } = await import('./lib/apiTokenAuth')
 const { publishVersionForUser } = await import('./skills')
 const { __handlers } = await import('./httpApiV1')

 type ActionCtx = import('./_generated/server').ActionCtx

+type RateLimitArgs = { key: string; limit: number; windowMs: number }
+
+function isRateLimitArgs(args: unknown): args is RateLimitArgs {
+  if (!args || typeof args !== 'object') return false
+  const value = args as Record<string, unknown>
+  return (
+    typeof value.key === 'string' &&
+    typeof value.limit === 'number' &&
+    typeof value.windowMs === 'number'
+  )
+}
+
+function hasSlugArgs(args: unknown): args is { slug: string } {
+  if (!args || typeof args !== 'object') return false
+  const value = args as Record<string, unknown>
+  return typeof value.slug === 'string'
+}
+
 function makeCtx(partial: Record<string, unknown>) {
-  return partial as unknown as ActionCtx
+  const partialRunQuery =
+    typeof partial.runQuery === 'function'
+      ? (partial.runQuery as (query: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => unknown)
+      : null
+  const runQuery = vi.fn(async (query: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+    if (isRateLimitArgs(args)) return okRate()
+    return partialRunQuery ? await partialRunQuery(query, args) : null
+  })
+  const runMutation =
+    typeof partial.runMutation === 'function'
+      ? partial.runMutation
+      : vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
+
+  return { ...partial, runQuery, runMutation } as unknown as ActionCtx
 }

 const okRate = () => ({
@@ -34,6 +66,8 @@ const blockedRate = () => ({
 })

 beforeEach(() => {
+  vi.mocked(getOptionalApiTokenUserId).mockReset()
+  vi.mocked(getOptionalApiTokenUserId).mockResolvedValue(null)
  vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockReset()
  vi.mocked(publishVersionForUser).mockReset()
 })
@@ -53,6 +87,124 @@ describe('httpApiV1 handlers', () => {
    expect(runAction).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
  })

+  it('users/restore forbids non-admin api tokens', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn()
+    const runAction = vi.fn()
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
+    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:actor',
+      user: { _id: 'users:actor', role: 'user' },
+    } as never)
+
+    const response = await __handlers.usersPostRouterV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runQuery, runAction, runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/users/restore', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        body: JSON.stringify({ handle: 'target', slugs: ['a'] }),
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(response.status).toBe(403)
+    expect(runQuery).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(runAction).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('users/restore calls restore action for admin', async () => {
+    const runAction = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ ok: true, totalRestored: 1, results: [] })
+    const runMutation = vi.fn(async (_mutation: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      if (isRateLimitArgs(args)) return okRate()
+      return { ok: true }
+    })
+    const runQuery = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      if ('handle' in args) return { _id: 'users:target' }
+      return null
+    })
+    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:admin',
+      user: { _id: 'users:admin', role: 'admin' },
+    } as never)
+
+    const response = await __handlers.usersPostRouterV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runQuery, runAction, runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/users/restore', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          handle: 'Target',
+          slugs: ['a', 'b'],
+          forceOverwriteSquatter: true,
+        }),
+      }),
+    )
+    if (response.status !== 200) throw new Error(await response.text())
+    expect(runAction).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.anything(), {
+      actorUserId: 'users:admin',
+      ownerHandle: 'target',
+      ownerUserId: 'users:target',
+      slugs: ['a', 'b'],
+      forceOverwriteSquatter: true,
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('users/reclaim forbids non-admin api tokens', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn()
+    const runAction = vi.fn()
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
+    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:actor',
+      user: { _id: 'users:actor', role: 'user' },
+    } as never)
+
+    const response = await __handlers.usersPostRouterV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runQuery, runAction, runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/users/reclaim', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        body: JSON.stringify({ handle: 'target', slugs: ['a'] }),
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(response.status).toBe(403)
+    expect(runQuery).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('users/reclaim calls reclaim mutation for admin', async () => {
+    const runMutation = vi.fn(async (_mutation: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      if (isRateLimitArgs(args)) return okRate()
+      return { ok: true, action: 'ownership_transferred' }
+    })
+    const runQuery = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      if ('handle' in args) return { _id: 'users:target' }
+      return null
+    })
+    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:admin',
+      user: { _id: 'users:admin', role: 'admin' },
+    } as never)
+
+    const response = await __handlers.usersPostRouterV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runQuery, runAction: vi.fn(), runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/users/reclaim', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        body: JSON.stringify({ handle: 'Target', slugs: [' A ', 'b'], reason: 'r' }),
+      }),
+    )
+    if (response.status !== 200) throw new Error(await response.text())
+
+    const reclaimCalls = runMutation.mock.calls.filter(([, args]) => hasSlugArgs(args))
+    expect(reclaimCalls).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(reclaimCalls[0]?.[1]).toMatchObject({
+      actorUserId: 'users:admin',
+      slug: 'a',
+      rightfulOwnerUserId: 'users:target',
+      reason: 'r',
+      transferRootSlugOnly: true,
+    })
+    expect(reclaimCalls[1]?.[1]).toMatchObject({
+      actorUserId: 'users:admin',
+      slug: 'b',
+      rightfulOwnerUserId: 'users:target',
+      reason: 'r',
+      transferRootSlugOnly: true,
+    })
+  })
+
  it('search forwards limit and highlightedOnly', async () => {
    const runAction = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([
      {
@@ -85,6 +237,19 @@ describe('httpApiV1 handlers', () => {
    expect(response.status).toBe(429)
  })

+  it('429 Retry-After is a relative delay, not an absolute epoch', async () => {
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(blockedRate())
+    const response = await __handlers.searchSkillsV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runAction: vi.fn(), runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/search?q=test'),
+    )
+    expect(response.status).toBe(429)
+    const retryAfter = Number(response.headers.get('Retry-After'))
+    // Retry-After must be a small relative delay (seconds), not a Unix epoch
+    expect(retryAfter).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
+    expect(retryAfter).toBeLessThanOrEqual(120)
+  })
+
  it('resolve validates hash', async () => {
    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
    const response = await __handlers.resolveSkillVersionV1Handler(
@@ -123,7 +288,7 @@ describe('httpApiV1 handlers', () => {
    expect(json.match.version).toBe('1.0.0')
  })

-  it('lists skills with resolved tags', async () => {
+  it('lists skills with resolved tags using batch query', async () => {
    const runQuery = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
      if ('cursor' in args || 'limit' in args) {
        return {
@@ -145,7 +310,10 @@ describe('httpApiV1 handlers', () => {
          nextCursor: null,
        }
      }
-      if ('versionId' in args) return { version: '1.0.0' }
+      // Batch query: versionIds (plural)
+      if ('versionIds' in args) {
+        return [{ _id: 'versions:1', version: '1.0.0', softDeletedAt: undefined }]
+      }
      return null
    })
    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
@@ -158,6 +326,209 @@ describe('httpApiV1 handlers', () => {
    expect(json.items[0].tags.latest).toBe('1.0.0')
  })

+  it('batches tag resolution across multiple skills into single query', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      if ('cursor' in args || 'limit' in args) {
+        return {
+          items: [
+            {
+              skill: {
+                _id: 'skills:1',
+                slug: 'skill-a',
+                displayName: 'Skill A',
+                summary: 's',
+                tags: { latest: 'versions:1', stable: 'versions:2' },
+                stats: { downloads: 0, stars: 0, versions: 2, comments: 0 },
+                createdAt: 1,
+                updatedAt: 2,
+              },
+              latestVersion: { version: '2.0.0', createdAt: 3, changelog: 'c' },
+            },
+            {
+              skill: {
+                _id: 'skills:2',
+                slug: 'skill-b',
+                displayName: 'Skill B',
+                summary: 's',
+                tags: { latest: 'versions:3' },
+                stats: { downloads: 0, stars: 0, versions: 1, comments: 0 },
+                createdAt: 1,
+                updatedAt: 2,
+              },
+              latestVersion: { version: '1.0.0', createdAt: 3, changelog: 'c' },
+            },
+          ],
+          nextCursor: null,
+        }
+      }
+      // Batch query should receive all version IDs from all skills
+      if ('versionIds' in args) {
+        const ids = args.versionIds as string[]
+        expect(ids).toHaveLength(3)
+        expect(ids).toContain('versions:1')
+        expect(ids).toContain('versions:2')
+        expect(ids).toContain('versions:3')
+        return [
+          { _id: 'versions:1', version: '2.0.0', softDeletedAt: undefined },
+          { _id: 'versions:2', version: '1.0.0', softDeletedAt: undefined },
+          { _id: 'versions:3', version: '1.0.0', softDeletedAt: undefined },
+        ]
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
+    const response = await __handlers.listSkillsV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runQuery, runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/skills'),
+    )
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200)
+    const json = await response.json()
+    // Verify tags are correctly resolved for each skill
+    expect(json.items[0].tags.latest).toBe('2.0.0')
+    expect(json.items[0].tags.stable).toBe('1.0.0')
+    expect(json.items[1].tags.latest).toBe('1.0.0')
+    // Verify batch query was called exactly once (not per-tag)
+    const batchCalls = runQuery.mock.calls.filter(
+      ([, args]) => args && 'versionIds' in (args as Record<string, unknown>),
+    )
+    expect(batchCalls).toHaveLength(1)
+  })
+
+  it('lists souls with resolved tags using batch query', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      if ('cursor' in args || 'limit' in args) {
+        return {
+          items: [
+            {
+              soul: {
+                _id: 'souls:1',
+                slug: 'demo-soul',
+                displayName: 'Demo Soul',
+                summary: 's',
+                tags: { latest: 'soulVersions:1' },
+                stats: { downloads: 0, stars: 0, versions: 1, comments: 0 },
+                createdAt: 1,
+                updatedAt: 2,
+              },
+              latestVersion: { version: '1.0.0', createdAt: 3, changelog: 'c' },
+            },
+          ],
+          nextCursor: null,
+        }
+      }
+      if ('versionIds' in args) {
+        return [{ _id: 'soulVersions:1', version: '1.0.0', softDeletedAt: undefined }]
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
+    const response = await __handlers.listSoulsV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runQuery, runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/souls?limit=1'),
+    )
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200)
+    const json = await response.json()
+    expect(json.items[0].tags.latest).toBe('1.0.0')
+  })
+
+  it('batches tag resolution across multiple souls into single query', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      if ('cursor' in args || 'limit' in args) {
+        return {
+          items: [
+            {
+              soul: {
+                _id: 'souls:1',
+                slug: 'soul-a',
+                displayName: 'Soul A',
+                summary: 's',
+                tags: { latest: 'soulVersions:1', stable: 'soulVersions:2' },
+                stats: { downloads: 0, stars: 0, versions: 2, comments: 0 },
+                createdAt: 1,
+                updatedAt: 2,
+              },
+              latestVersion: { version: '2.0.0', createdAt: 3, changelog: 'c' },
+            },
+            {
+              soul: {
+                _id: 'souls:2',
+                slug: 'soul-b',
+                displayName: 'Soul B',
+                summary: 's',
+                tags: { latest: 'soulVersions:3' },
+                stats: { downloads: 0, stars: 0, versions: 1, comments: 0 },
+                createdAt: 1,
+                updatedAt: 2,
+              },
+              latestVersion: { version: '1.0.0', createdAt: 3, changelog: 'c' },
+            },
+          ],
+          nextCursor: null,
+        }
+      }
+      if ('versionIds' in args) {
+        const ids = args.versionIds as string[]
+        expect(ids).toHaveLength(3)
+        expect(ids).toContain('soulVersions:1')
+        expect(ids).toContain('soulVersions:2')
+        expect(ids).toContain('soulVersions:3')
+        return [
+          { _id: 'soulVersions:1', version: '2.0.0', softDeletedAt: undefined },
+          { _id: 'soulVersions:2', version: '1.0.0', softDeletedAt: undefined },
+          { _id: 'soulVersions:3', version: '1.0.0', softDeletedAt: undefined },
+        ]
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
+    const response = await __handlers.listSoulsV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runQuery, runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/souls'),
+    )
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200)
+    const json = await response.json()
+    expect(json.items[0].tags.latest).toBe('2.0.0')
+    expect(json.items[0].tags.stable).toBe('1.0.0')
+    expect(json.items[1].tags.latest).toBe('1.0.0')
+    const batchCalls = runQuery.mock.calls.filter(
+      ([, args]) => args && 'versionIds' in (args as Record<string, unknown>),
+    )
+    expect(batchCalls).toHaveLength(1)
+  })
+
+  it('souls get resolves tags using batch query', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      if ('slug' in args) {
+        return {
+          soul: {
+            _id: 'souls:1',
+            slug: 'demo-soul',
+            displayName: 'Demo Soul',
+            summary: 's',
+            tags: { latest: 'soulVersions:1' },
+            stats: { downloads: 0, stars: 0, versions: 1, comments: 0 },
+            createdAt: 1,
+            updatedAt: 2,
+          },
+          latestVersion: { version: '1.0.0', createdAt: 3, changelog: 'c' },
+          owner: null,
+        }
+      }
+      if ('versionIds' in args) {
+        return [{ _id: 'soulVersions:1', version: '1.0.0', softDeletedAt: undefined }]
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
+    const response = await __handlers.soulsGetRouterV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runQuery, runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/souls/demo-soul'),
+    )
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200)
+    const json = await response.json()
+    expect(json.soul.tags.latest).toBe('1.0.0')
+  })
+
  it('lists skills supports sort aliases', async () => {
    const checks: Array<[string, string]> = [
      ['rating', 'stars'],
@@ -193,6 +564,52 @@ describe('httpApiV1 handlers', () => {
    expect(response.status).toBe(404)
  })

+  it('get skill returns pending-scan message for owner api token', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(getOptionalApiTokenUserId).mockResolvedValue('users:1' as never)
+    const runQuery = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      if ('slug' in args) {
+        return {
+          _id: 'skills:1',
+          slug: 'demo',
+          ownerUserId: 'users:1',
+          moderationStatus: 'hidden',
+          moderationReason: 'pending.scan',
+        }
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
+    const response = await __handlers.skillsGetRouterV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runQuery, runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/skills/demo'),
+    )
+    expect(response.status).toBe(423)
+    expect(await response.text()).toContain('security scan is pending')
+  })
+
+  it('get skill returns undelete hint for owner soft-deleted skill', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(getOptionalApiTokenUserId).mockResolvedValue('users:1' as never)
+    const runQuery = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      if ('slug' in args) {
+        return {
+          _id: 'skills:1',
+          slug: 'demo',
+          ownerUserId: 'users:1',
+          softDeletedAt: 1,
+          moderationStatus: 'hidden',
+        }
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
+    const response = await __handlers.skillsGetRouterV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runQuery, runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/skills/demo'),
+    )
+    expect(response.status).toBe(410)
+    expect(await response.text()).toContain('clawhub undelete demo')
+  })
+
  it('get skill returns payload', async () => {
    const runQuery = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
      if ('slug' in args) {
@@ -216,7 +633,10 @@ describe('httpApiV1 handlers', () => {
          owner: { handle: 'p', displayName: 'Peter', image: null },
        }
      }
-      if ('versionId' in args) return { version: '1.0.0' }
+      // Batch query for tag resolution
+      if ('versionIds' in args) {
+        return [{ _id: 'versions:1', version: '1.0.0', softDeletedAt: undefined }]
+      }
      return null
    })
    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
@@ -452,6 +872,50 @@ describe('httpApiV1 handlers', () => {
    }
  })

+  it('publish multipart ignores mac junk files', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      user: { handle: 'p' },
+    } as never)
+    vi.mocked(publishVersionForUser).mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      skillId: 's',
+      versionId: 'v',
+      embeddingId: 'e',
+    } as never)
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
+    const store = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('storage:1')
+    const form = new FormData()
+    form.set(
+      'payload',
+      JSON.stringify({
+        slug: 'demo',
+        displayName: 'Demo',
+        version: '1.0.0',
+        changelog: '',
+        tags: ['latest'],
+      }),
+    )
+    form.append('files', new Blob(['hello'], { type: 'text/plain' }), 'SKILL.md')
+    form.append('files', new Blob(['junk'], { type: 'application/octet-stream' }), '.DS_Store')
+    const response = await __handlers.publishSkillV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runMutation, storage: { store } }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/skills', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer clh_test' },
+        body: form,
+      }),
+    )
+    if (response.status !== 200) {
+      throw new Error(await response.text())
+    }
+
+    expect(store).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    const publishArgs = vi.mocked(publishVersionForUser).mock.calls[0]?.[2] as
+      | { files?: Array<{ path: string }> }
+      | undefined
+    expect(publishArgs?.files?.map((file) => file.path)).toEqual(['SKILL.md'])
+  })
+
  it('publish rejects missing token', async () => {
    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
    const response = await __handlers.publishSkillV1Handler(
@@ -524,6 +988,108 @@ describe('httpApiV1 handlers', () => {
    expect(response2.status).toBe(200)
  })

+  it('ban user requires auth', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Unauthorized'))
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
+    const response = await __handlers.usersPostRouterV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/users/ban', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ handle: 'demo' }),
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(response.status).toBe(401)
+  })
+
+  it('ban user succeeds with handle', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      user: { handle: 'p' },
+    } as never)
+    const runQuery = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ _id: 'users:2' })
+    const runMutation = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(okRate())
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ ok: true, alreadyBanned: false, deletedSkills: 2 })
+    const response = await __handlers.usersPostRouterV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runQuery, runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/users/ban', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ handle: 'demo' }),
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200)
+    const json = await response.json()
+    expect(json.deletedSkills).toBe(2)
+  })
+
+  it('ban user forwards reason', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      user: { handle: 'p' },
+    } as never)
+    const runQuery = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ _id: 'users:2' })
+    const runMutation = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(okRate())
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ ok: true, alreadyBanned: false, deletedSkills: 0 })
+    await __handlers.usersPostRouterV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runQuery, runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/users/ban', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ handle: 'demo', reason: 'malware' }),
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(runMutation).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        actorUserId: 'users:1',
+        targetUserId: 'users:2',
+        reason: 'malware',
+      }),
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('set role requires auth', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Unauthorized'))
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
+    const response = await __handlers.usersPostRouterV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/users/role', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ handle: 'demo', role: 'moderator' }),
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(response.status).toBe(401)
+  })
+
+  it('set role succeeds with handle', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      user: { handle: 'p' },
+    } as never)
+    const runQuery = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ _id: 'users:2' })
+    const runMutation = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(okRate())
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ ok: true, role: 'moderator' })
+    const response = await __handlers.usersPostRouterV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runQuery, runMutation }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/users/role', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ handle: 'demo', role: 'moderator' }),
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200)
+    const json = await response.json()
+    expect(json.role).toBe('moderator')
+  })
+
  it('stars require auth', async () => {
    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Unauthorized'))
    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(okRate())
@@ -535,6 +1101,7 @@ describe('httpApiV1 handlers', () => {
  })

  it('stars add succeeds', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(getOptionalApiTokenUserId).mockResolvedValue('users:1' as never)
    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockResolvedValue({
      userId: 'users:1',
      user: { handle: 'p' },
@@ -543,7 +1110,6 @@ describe('httpApiV1 handlers', () => {
    const runMutation = vi
      .fn()
      .mockResolvedValueOnce(okRate())
-      .mockResolvedValueOnce(okRate())
      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ ok: true, starred: true, alreadyStarred: false })
    const response = await __handlers.starsPostRouterV1Handler(
      makeCtx({ runQuery, runMutation }),
@@ -559,6 +1125,7 @@ describe('httpApiV1 handlers', () => {
  })

  it('stars delete succeeds', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(getOptionalApiTokenUserId).mockResolvedValue('users:1' as never)
    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockResolvedValue({
      userId: 'users:1',
      user: { handle: 'p' },
@@ -567,7 +1134,6 @@ describe('httpApiV1 handlers', () => {
    const runMutation = vi
      .fn()
      .mockResolvedValueOnce(okRate())
-      .mockResolvedValueOnce(okRate())
      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ ok: true, unstarred: true, alreadyUnstarred: false })
    const response = await __handlers.starsDeleteRouterV1Handler(
      makeCtx({ runQuery, runMutation }),
@@ -581,4 +1147,61 @@ describe('httpApiV1 handlers', () => {
    expect(json.ok).toBe(true)
    expect(json.unstarred).toBe(true)
  })
+
+  it('delete/undelete map forbidden/not-found/unknown to 403/404/500', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      user: { handle: 'p' },
+    } as never)
+
+    const runMutationForbidden = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      if ('key' in args) return okRate()
+      throw new Error('Forbidden')
+    })
+    const forbidden = await __handlers.skillsDeleteRouterV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runMutation: runMutationForbidden }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/skills/demo', {
+        method: 'DELETE',
+        headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer clh_test' },
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(forbidden.status).toBe(403)
+    expect(await forbidden.text()).toBe('Forbidden')
+
+    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      user: { handle: 'p' },
+    } as never)
+    const runMutationNotFound = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      if ('key' in args) return okRate()
+      throw new Error('Skill not found')
+    })
+    const notFound = await __handlers.skillsPostRouterV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runMutation: runMutationNotFound }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/skills/demo/undelete', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer clh_test' },
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(notFound.status).toBe(404)
+    expect(await notFound.text()).toBe('Skill not found')
+
+    vi.mocked(requireApiTokenUser).mockResolvedValue({
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      user: { handle: 'p' },
+    } as never)
+    const runMutationUnknown = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      if ('key' in args) return okRate()
+      throw new Error('boom')
+    })
+    const unknown = await __handlers.soulsDeleteRouterV1Handler(
+      makeCtx({ runMutation: runMutationUnknown }),
+      new Request('https://example.com/api/v1/souls/demo-soul', {
+        method: 'DELETE',
+        headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer clh_test' },
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(unknown.status).toBe(500)
+    expect(await unknown.text()).toBe('Internal Server Error')
+  })
 })
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+import { CliPublishRequestSchema, parseArk } from 'clawhub-schema'
+import { internal } from '../_generated/api'
+import type { Doc, Id } from '../_generated/dataModel'
+import type { ActionCtx } from '../_generated/server'
+import { assertAdmin } from '../lib/access'
+import { requireApiTokenUser } from '../lib/apiTokenAuth'
+import { corsHeaders, mergeHeaders } from '../lib/httpHeaders'
+import { isMacJunkPath } from '../lib/skills'
+
+export const MAX_RAW_FILE_BYTES = 200 * 1024
+
+const SAFE_TEXT_FILE_CSP =
+  "default-src 'none'; base-uri 'none'; form-action 'none'; frame-ancestors 'none'"
+
+function isSvgLike(contentType: string | undefined, path: string) {
+  return contentType?.toLowerCase().includes('svg') || path.toLowerCase().endsWith('.svg')
+}
+
+export function safeTextFileResponse(params: {
+  textContent: string
+  path: string
+  contentType?: string
+  sha256: string
+  size: number
+  headers?: HeadersInit
+}) {
+  const isSvg = isSvgLike(params.contentType, params.path)
+
+  // For any text response that a browser might try to render, lock it down.
+  // In particular, this prevents SVG <foreignObject> script execution from reading
+  // localStorage tokens on this origin.
+  const headers = mergeHeaders(
+    params.headers,
+    {
+      'Content-Type': params.contentType
+        ? `${params.contentType}; charset=utf-8`
+        : 'text/plain; charset=utf-8',
+      'Cache-Control': 'private, max-age=60',
+      ETag: params.sha256,
+      'X-Content-SHA256': params.sha256,
+      'X-Content-Size': String(params.size),
+      'X-Content-Type-Options': 'nosniff',
+      'X-Frame-Options': 'DENY',
+      'Content-Security-Policy': SAFE_TEXT_FILE_CSP,
+      ...(isSvg ? { 'Content-Disposition': 'attachment' } : {}),
+    },
+    corsHeaders(),
+  )
+
+  return new Response(params.textContent, { status: 200, headers })
+}
+
+export function json(value: unknown, status = 200, headers?: HeadersInit) {
+  return new Response(JSON.stringify(value), {
+    status,
+    headers: mergeHeaders(
+      {
+        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        'Cache-Control': 'no-store',
+      },
+      headers,
+      corsHeaders(),
+    ),
+  })
+}
+
+export function text(value: string, status: number, headers?: HeadersInit) {
+  return new Response(value, {
+    status,
+    headers: mergeHeaders(
+      {
+        'Content-Type': 'text/plain; charset=utf-8',
+        'Cache-Control': 'no-store',
+      },
+      headers,
+      corsHeaders(),
+    ),
+  })
+}
+
+export async function parseJsonPayload(request: Request, headers: HeadersInit) {
+  try {
+    const payload = (await request.json()) as Record<string, unknown>
+    return { ok: true as const, payload }
+  } catch {
+    return { ok: false as const, response: text('Invalid JSON', 400, headers) }
+  }
+}
+
+export async function requireApiTokenUserOrResponse(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+  request: Request,
+  headers: HeadersInit,
+) {
+  try {
+    const auth = await requireApiTokenUser(ctx, request)
+    return { ok: true as const, userId: auth.userId, user: auth.user as Doc<'users'> }
+  } catch {
+    return { ok: false as const, response: text('Unauthorized', 401, headers) }
+  }
+}
+
+export function requireAdminOrResponse(user: Doc<'users'>, headers: HeadersInit) {
+  try {
+    assertAdmin(user)
+    return { ok: true as const }
+  } catch {
+    return { ok: false as const, response: text('Forbidden', 403, headers) }
+  }
+}
+
+export function getPathSegments(request: Request, prefix: string) {
+  const pathname = new URL(request.url).pathname
+  if (!pathname.startsWith(prefix)) return []
+  const rest = pathname.slice(prefix.length)
+  return rest
+    .split('/')
+    .map((segment) => segment.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .map((segment) => decodeURIComponent(segment))
+}
+
+export function toOptionalNumber(value: string | null) {
+  if (!value) return undefined
+  const parsed = Number.parseInt(value, 10)
+  return Number.isFinite(parsed) ? parsed : undefined
+}
+
+/**
+ * Batch resolve soul version tags to version strings.
+ * Collects all version IDs, fetches them in a single query, then maps back.
+ * Reduces N sequential queries to 1 batch query.
+ */
+export async function resolveSoulTagsBatch(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+  tagsList: Array<Record<string, Id<'soulVersions'>>>,
+): Promise<Array<Record<string, string>>> {
+  return resolveVersionTagsBatch(ctx, tagsList, internal.souls.getVersionsByIdsInternal)
+}
+
+export async function resolveTagsBatch(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+  tagsList: Array<Record<string, Id<'skillVersions'>>>,
+): Promise<Array<Record<string, string>>> {
+  return resolveVersionTagsBatch(ctx, tagsList, internal.skills.getVersionsByIdsInternal)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Batch resolve version tags to version strings.
+ * Collects all version IDs, fetches them in a single query, then maps back.
+ *
+ * Notes:
+ * - Uses `internal.*` queries to avoid expanding the public Convex API surface.
+ * - Sorts ids for stable query args (helps caching/log diffs).
+ */
+export async function resolveVersionTagsBatch<TTable extends 'skillVersions' | 'soulVersions'>(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+  tagsList: Array<Record<string, Id<TTable>>>,
+  getVersionsByIdsQuery: unknown,
+): Promise<Array<Record<string, string>>> {
+  const allVersionIds = new Set<Id<TTable>>()
+  for (const tags of tagsList) {
+    for (const versionId of Object.values(tags)) allVersionIds.add(versionId)
+  }
+
+  if (allVersionIds.size === 0) return tagsList.map(() => ({}))
+
+  const versionIds = [...allVersionIds].sort() as Array<Id<TTable>>
+  const versions =
+    ((await ctx.runQuery(getVersionsByIdsQuery as never, { versionIds } as never)) as Array<{
+      _id: Id<TTable>
+      version: string
+      softDeletedAt?: unknown
+    }> | null) ?? []
+
+  const versionMap = new Map<Id<TTable>, string>()
+  for (const v of versions) {
+    if (!v?.softDeletedAt) versionMap.set(v._id, v.version)
+  }
+
+  return tagsList.map((tags) => {
+    const resolved: Record<string, string> = {}
+    for (const [tag, versionId] of Object.entries(tags)) {
+      const version = versionMap.get(versionId)
+      if (version) resolved[tag] = version
+    }
+    return resolved
+  })
+}
+
+async function sha256Hex(bytes: Uint8Array) {
+  const data = new Uint8Array(bytes)
+  const digest = await crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-256', data)
+  return toHex(new Uint8Array(digest))
+}
+
+function toHex(bytes: Uint8Array) {
+  let out = ''
+  for (const byte of bytes) out += byte.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
+  return out
+}
+
+type FileLike = {
+  name: string
+  size: number
+  type: string
+  arrayBuffer: () => Promise<ArrayBuffer>
+}
+
+type FileLikeEntry = FormDataEntryValue & FileLike
+
+function toFileLike(entry: FormDataEntryValue): FileLikeEntry | null {
+  if (typeof entry === 'string') return null
+  const candidate = entry as Partial<FileLike>
+  if (typeof candidate.name !== 'string') return null
+  if (typeof candidate.size !== 'number') return null
+  if (typeof candidate.arrayBuffer !== 'function') return null
+  return entry as FileLikeEntry
+}
+
+export async function parseMultipartPublish(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+  request: Request,
+): Promise<{
+  slug: string
+  displayName: string
+  version: string
+  changelog: string
+  tags?: string[]
+  forkOf?: { slug: string; version?: string }
+  files: Array<{
+    path: string
+    size: number
+    storageId: Id<'_storage'>
+    sha256: string
+    contentType?: string
+  }>
+}> {
+  const form = await request.formData()
+  const payloadRaw = form.get('payload')
+  if (!payloadRaw || typeof payloadRaw !== 'string') {
+    throw new Error('Missing payload')
+  }
+  let payload: Record<string, unknown>
+  try {
+    payload = JSON.parse(payloadRaw) as Record<string, unknown>
+  } catch {
+    throw new Error('Invalid JSON payload')
+  }
+
+  const files: Array<{
+    path: string
+    size: number
+    storageId: Id<'_storage'>
+    sha256: string
+    contentType?: string
+  }> = []
+
+  for (const entry of form.getAll('files')) {
+    const file = toFileLike(entry)
+    if (!file) continue
+    const path = file.name
+    if (isMacJunkPath(path)) continue
+    const size = file.size
+    const contentType = file.type || undefined
+    const buffer = new Uint8Array(await file.arrayBuffer())
+    const sha256 = await sha256Hex(buffer)
+    const storageId = await ctx.storage.store(file as Blob)
+    files.push({ path, size, storageId, sha256, contentType })
+  }
+
+  const forkOf = payload.forkOf && typeof payload.forkOf === 'object' ? payload.forkOf : undefined
+  const body = {
+    slug: payload.slug,
+    displayName: payload.displayName,
+    version: payload.version,
+    changelog: typeof payload.changelog === 'string' ? payload.changelog : '',
+    tags: Array.isArray(payload.tags) ? payload.tags : undefined,
+    ...(payload.source ? { source: payload.source } : {}),
+    files,
+    ...(forkOf ? { forkOf } : {}),
+  }
+
+  return parsePublishBody(body)
+}
+
+export function parsePublishBody(body: unknown) {
+  const parsed = parseArk(CliPublishRequestSchema, body, 'Publish payload')
+  if (parsed.files.length === 0) throw new Error('files required')
+  const tags = parsed.tags && parsed.tags.length > 0 ? parsed.tags : undefined
+  return {
+    slug: parsed.slug,
+    displayName: parsed.displayName,
+    version: parsed.version,
+    changelog: parsed.changelog,
+    tags,
+    source: parsed.source ?? undefined,
+    forkOf: parsed.forkOf
+      ? {
+          slug: parsed.forkOf.slug,
+          version: parsed.forkOf.version ?? undefined,
+        }
+      : undefined,
+    files: parsed.files.map((file) => ({
+      ...file,
+      storageId: file.storageId as Id<'_storage'>,
+    })),
+  }
+}
+
+export function softDeleteErrorToResponse(
+  entity: 'skill' | 'soul',
+  error: unknown,
+  headers: HeadersInit,
+) {
+  const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : `${entity} delete failed`
+  const lower = message.toLowerCase()
+
+  if (lower.includes('unauthorized')) return text('Unauthorized', 401, headers)
+  if (lower.includes('forbidden')) return text('Forbidden', 403, headers)
+  if (lower.includes('not found')) return text(message, 404, headers)
+  if (lower.includes('slug required')) return text('Slug required', 400, headers)
+
+  // Unknown: server-side failure. Keep body generic.
+  return text('Internal Server Error', 500, headers)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,550 @@
+import { api, internal } from '../_generated/api'
+import type { Doc, Id } from '../_generated/dataModel'
+import type { ActionCtx } from '../_generated/server'
+import { getOptionalApiTokenUserId, requireApiTokenUser } from '../lib/apiTokenAuth'
+import { applyRateLimit, parseBearerToken } from '../lib/httpRateLimit'
+import { publishVersionForUser } from '../skills'
+import {
+  MAX_RAW_FILE_BYTES,
+  getPathSegments,
+  json,
+  parseMultipartPublish,
+  parsePublishBody,
+  resolveTagsBatch,
+  safeTextFileResponse,
+  softDeleteErrorToResponse,
+  text,
+  toOptionalNumber,
+} from './shared'
+
+type SearchSkillEntry = {
+  score: number
+  skill: {
+    slug?: string
+    displayName?: string
+    summary?: string | null
+    updatedAt?: number
+  } | null
+  version: { version?: string; createdAt?: number } | null
+}
+
+type ListSkillsResult = {
+  items: Array<{
+    skill: {
+      _id: Id<'skills'>
+      slug: string
+      displayName: string
+      summary?: string
+      tags: Record<string, Id<'skillVersions'>>
+      stats: unknown
+      createdAt: number
+      updatedAt: number
+      latestVersionId?: Id<'skillVersions'>
+    }
+    latestVersion: {
+      version: string
+      createdAt: number
+      changelog: string
+      parsed?: { clawdis?: { os?: string[]; nix?: { plugin?: boolean; systems?: string[] } } }
+    } | null
+  }>
+  nextCursor: string | null
+}
+
+type SkillFile = Doc<'skillVersions'>['files'][number]
+
+type GetBySlugResult = {
+  skill: {
+    _id: Id<'skills'>
+    slug: string
+    displayName: string
+    summary?: string
+    tags: Record<string, Id<'skillVersions'>>
+    stats: unknown
+    createdAt: number
+    updatedAt: number
+  } | null
+  latestVersion: Doc<'skillVersions'> | null
+  owner: { _id: Id<'users'>; handle?: string; displayName?: string; image?: string } | null
+  moderationInfo?: {
+    isPendingScan: boolean
+    isMalwareBlocked: boolean
+    isSuspicious: boolean
+    isHiddenByMod: boolean
+    isRemoved: boolean
+    reason?: string
+  } | null
+} | null
+
+type ListVersionsResult = {
+  items: Array<{
+    version: string
+    createdAt: number
+    changelog: string
+    changelogSource?: 'auto' | 'user'
+    files: Array<{
+      path: string
+      size: number
+      storageId: Id<'_storage'>
+      sha256: string
+      contentType?: string
+    }>
+    softDeletedAt?: number
+  }>
+  nextCursor: string | null
+}
+
+export async function searchSkillsV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'read')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  const url = new URL(request.url)
+  const query = url.searchParams.get('q')?.trim() ?? ''
+  const limit = toOptionalNumber(url.searchParams.get('limit'))
+  const highlightedOnly = url.searchParams.get('highlightedOnly') === 'true'
+
+  if (!query) return json({ results: [] }, 200, rate.headers)
+
+  const results = (await ctx.runAction(api.search.searchSkills, {
+    query,
+    limit,
+    highlightedOnly: highlightedOnly || undefined,
+  })) as SearchSkillEntry[]
+
+  return json(
+    {
+      results: results.map((result) => ({
+        score: result.score,
+        slug: result.skill?.slug,
+        displayName: result.skill?.displayName,
+        summary: result.skill?.summary ?? null,
+        version: result.version?.version ?? null,
+        updatedAt: result.skill?.updatedAt,
+      })),
+    },
+    200,
+    rate.headers,
+  )
+}
+
+export async function resolveSkillVersionV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'read')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  const url = new URL(request.url)
+  const slug = url.searchParams.get('slug')?.trim().toLowerCase()
+  const hash = url.searchParams.get('hash')?.trim().toLowerCase()
+  if (!slug || !hash) return text('Missing slug or hash', 400, rate.headers)
+  if (!/^[a-f0-9]{64}$/.test(hash)) return text('Invalid hash', 400, rate.headers)
+
+  const resolved = await ctx.runQuery(api.skills.resolveVersionByHash, { slug, hash })
+  if (!resolved) return text('Skill not found', 404, rate.headers)
+
+  return json({ slug, match: resolved.match, latestVersion: resolved.latestVersion }, 200, rate.headers)
+}
+
+type SkillListSort =
+  | 'updated'
+  | 'downloads'
+  | 'stars'
+  | 'installsCurrent'
+  | 'installsAllTime'
+  | 'trending'
+
+function parseListSort(value: string | null): SkillListSort {
+  const normalized = value?.trim().toLowerCase()
+  if (normalized === 'downloads') return 'downloads'
+  if (normalized === 'stars' || normalized === 'rating') return 'stars'
+  if (
+    normalized === 'installs' ||
+    normalized === 'install' ||
+    normalized === 'installscurrent' ||
+    normalized === 'installs-current'
+  ) {
+    return 'installsCurrent'
+  }
+  if (normalized === 'installsalltime' || normalized === 'installs-all-time') {
+    return 'installsAllTime'
+  }
+  if (normalized === 'trending') return 'trending'
+  return 'updated'
+}
+
+export async function listSkillsV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'read')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  const url = new URL(request.url)
+  const limit = toOptionalNumber(url.searchParams.get('limit'))
+  const rawCursor = url.searchParams.get('cursor')?.trim() || undefined
+  const sort = parseListSort(url.searchParams.get('sort'))
+  const cursor = sort === 'trending' ? undefined : rawCursor
+
+  const result = (await ctx.runQuery(api.skills.listPublicPage, {
+    limit,
+    cursor,
+    sort,
+  })) as ListSkillsResult
+
+  // Batch resolve all tags in a single query instead of N queries
+  const resolvedTagsList = await resolveTagsBatch(
+    ctx,
+    result.items.map((item) => item.skill.tags),
+  )
+
+  const items = result.items.map((item, idx) => ({
+    slug: item.skill.slug,
+    displayName: item.skill.displayName,
+    summary: item.skill.summary ?? null,
+    tags: resolvedTagsList[idx],
+    stats: item.skill.stats,
+    createdAt: item.skill.createdAt,
+    updatedAt: item.skill.updatedAt,
+    latestVersion: item.latestVersion
+      ? {
+          version: item.latestVersion.version,
+          createdAt: item.latestVersion.createdAt,
+          changelog: item.latestVersion.changelog,
+        }
+      : null,
+    metadata: item.latestVersion?.parsed?.clawdis
+      ? {
+          os: item.latestVersion.parsed.clawdis.os ?? null,
+          systems: item.latestVersion.parsed.clawdis.nix?.systems ?? null,
+        }
+      : null,
+  }))
+
+  return json({ items, nextCursor: result.nextCursor ?? null }, 200, rate.headers)
+}
+
+async function describeOwnerVisibleSkillState(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+  request: Request,
+  slug: string,
+): Promise<{ status: number; message: string } | null> {
+  const skill = await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getSkillBySlugInternal, { slug })
+  if (!skill) return null
+
+  const apiTokenUserId = await getOptionalApiTokenUserId(ctx, request)
+  const isOwner = Boolean(apiTokenUserId && apiTokenUserId === skill.ownerUserId)
+  if (!isOwner) return null
+
+  if (skill.softDeletedAt) {
+    return {
+      status: 410,
+      message: `Skill is hidden/deleted. Run "clawhub undelete ${slug}" to restore it.`,
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (skill.moderationStatus === 'hidden') {
+    if (skill.moderationReason === 'pending.scan' || skill.moderationReason === 'scanner.vt.pending') {
+      return {
+        status: 423,
+        message: 'Skill is hidden while security scan is pending. Try again in a few minutes.',
+      }
+    }
+    if (skill.moderationReason === 'quality.low') {
+      return {
+        status: 403,
+        message:
+          'Skill is hidden by quality checks. Update SKILL.md content or run "clawhub undelete <slug>" after review.',
+      }
+    }
+    return {
+      status: 403,
+      message: `Skill is hidden by moderation${
+        skill.moderationReason ? ` (${skill.moderationReason})` : ''
+      }.`,
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (skill.moderationStatus === 'removed') {
+    return { status: 410, message: 'Skill has been removed by moderation.' }
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+export async function skillsGetRouterV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'read')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  const segments = getPathSegments(request, '/api/v1/skills/')
+  if (segments.length === 0) return text('Missing slug', 400, rate.headers)
+  const slug = segments[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? ''
+  const second = segments[1]
+  const third = segments[2]
+
+  if (segments.length === 1) {
+    const result = (await ctx.runQuery(api.skills.getBySlug, { slug })) as GetBySlugResult
+    if (!result?.skill) {
+      const hidden = await describeOwnerVisibleSkillState(ctx, request, slug)
+      if (hidden) return text(hidden.message, hidden.status, rate.headers)
+      return text('Skill not found', 404, rate.headers)
+    }
+
+    const [tags] = await resolveTagsBatch(ctx, [result.skill.tags])
+    return json(
+      {
+        skill: {
+          slug: result.skill.slug,
+          displayName: result.skill.displayName,
+          summary: result.skill.summary ?? null,
+          tags,
+          stats: result.skill.stats,
+          createdAt: result.skill.createdAt,
+          updatedAt: result.skill.updatedAt,
+        },
+        latestVersion: result.latestVersion
+          ? {
+              version: result.latestVersion.version,
+              createdAt: result.latestVersion.createdAt,
+              changelog: result.latestVersion.changelog,
+            }
+          : null,
+        metadata: result.latestVersion?.parsed?.clawdis
+          ? {
+              os: result.latestVersion.parsed.clawdis.os ?? null,
+              systems: result.latestVersion.parsed.clawdis.nix?.systems ?? null,
+            }
+          : null,
+        owner: result.owner
+          ? {
+              handle: result.owner.handle ?? null,
+              userId: result.owner._id,
+              displayName: result.owner.displayName ?? null,
+              image: result.owner.image ?? null,
+            }
+          : null,
+        moderation: result.moderationInfo
+          ? {
+              isSuspicious: result.moderationInfo.isSuspicious ?? false,
+              isMalwareBlocked: result.moderationInfo.isMalwareBlocked ?? false,
+            }
+          : null,
+      },
+      200,
+      rate.headers,
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (second === 'versions' && segments.length === 2) {
+    const skill = await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getSkillBySlugInternal, { slug })
+    if (!skill || skill.softDeletedAt) return text('Skill not found', 404, rate.headers)
+
+    const url = new URL(request.url)
+    const limit = toOptionalNumber(url.searchParams.get('limit'))
+    const cursor = url.searchParams.get('cursor')?.trim() || undefined
+    const result = (await ctx.runQuery(api.skills.listVersionsPage, {
+      skillId: skill._id,
+      limit,
+      cursor,
+    })) as ListVersionsResult
+
+    const items = result.items
+      .filter((version) => !version.softDeletedAt)
+      .map((version) => ({
+        version: version.version,
+        createdAt: version.createdAt,
+        changelog: version.changelog,
+        changelogSource: version.changelogSource ?? null,
+      }))
+
+    return json({ items, nextCursor: result.nextCursor ?? null }, 200, rate.headers)
+  }
+
+  if (second === 'versions' && third && segments.length === 3) {
+    const skill = await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getSkillBySlugInternal, { slug })
+    if (!skill || skill.softDeletedAt) return text('Skill not found', 404, rate.headers)
+
+    const version = await ctx.runQuery(api.skills.getVersionBySkillAndVersion, {
+      skillId: skill._id,
+      version: third,
+    })
+    if (!version) return text('Version not found', 404, rate.headers)
+    if (version.softDeletedAt) return text('Version not available', 410, rate.headers)
+
+    // Map llmAnalysis to security status
+    let security = undefined
+    if (version.llmAnalysis) {
+      const analysis = version.llmAnalysis
+      let status: 'clean' | 'suspicious' | 'malicious' | 'pending' | 'error'
+      switch (analysis.verdict) {
+        case 'benign':
+          status = 'clean'
+          break
+        case 'suspicious':
+          status = 'suspicious'
+          break
+        case 'malicious':
+          status = 'malicious'
+          break
+        default:
+          status = analysis.status === 'error' ? 'error' : 'pending'
+      }
+
+      const hasWarnings =
+        analysis.verdict === 'suspicious' ||
+        analysis.verdict === 'malicious' ||
+        (Array.isArray(analysis.dimensions) &&
+          analysis.dimensions.some((dimension) => {
+            if (!dimension || typeof dimension !== 'object') return false
+            const rating = (dimension as { rating?: unknown }).rating
+            return typeof rating === 'string' && rating !== 'ok'
+          }))
+
+      security = {
+        status,
+        hasWarnings,
+        checkedAt: analysis.checkedAt ?? null,
+        model: analysis.model || null,
+      }
+    }
+
+    return json(
+      {
+        skill: { slug: skill.slug, displayName: skill.displayName },
+        version: {
+          version: version.version,
+          createdAt: version.createdAt,
+          changelog: version.changelog,
+          changelogSource: version.changelogSource ?? null,
+          files: version.files.map((file: SkillFile) => ({
+            path: file.path,
+            size: file.size,
+            sha256: file.sha256,
+            contentType: file.contentType ?? null,
+          })),
+          security,
+        },
+      },
+      200,
+      rate.headers,
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (second === 'file' && segments.length === 2) {
+    const url = new URL(request.url)
+    const path = url.searchParams.get('path')?.trim()
+    if (!path) return text('Missing path', 400, rate.headers)
+    const versionParam = url.searchParams.get('version')?.trim()
+    const tagParam = url.searchParams.get('tag')?.trim()
+
+    const skillResult = (await ctx.runQuery(api.skills.getBySlug, { slug })) as GetBySlugResult
+    if (!skillResult?.skill) return text('Skill not found', 404, rate.headers)
+
+    let version = skillResult.latestVersion
+    if (versionParam) {
+      version = await ctx.runQuery(api.skills.getVersionBySkillAndVersion, {
+        skillId: skillResult.skill._id,
+        version: versionParam,
+      })
+    } else if (tagParam) {
+      const versionId = skillResult.skill.tags[tagParam]
+      if (versionId) {
+        version = await ctx.runQuery(api.skills.getVersionById, { versionId })
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!version) return text('Version not found', 404, rate.headers)
+    if (version.softDeletedAt) return text('Version not available', 410, rate.headers)
+
+    const normalized = path.trim()
+    const normalizedLower = normalized.toLowerCase()
+    const file =
+      version.files.find((entry) => entry.path === normalized) ??
+      version.files.find((entry) => entry.path.toLowerCase() === normalizedLower)
+    if (!file) return text('File not found', 404, rate.headers)
+    if (file.size > MAX_RAW_FILE_BYTES) return text('File exceeds 200KB limit', 413, rate.headers)
+
+    const blob = await ctx.storage.get(file.storageId)
+    if (!blob) return text('File missing in storage', 410, rate.headers)
+    const textContent = await blob.text()
+    return safeTextFileResponse({
+      textContent,
+      path: file.path,
+      contentType: file.contentType ?? undefined,
+      sha256: file.sha256,
+      size: file.size,
+      headers: rate.headers,
+    })
+  }
+
+  return text('Not found', 404, rate.headers)
+}
+
+export async function publishSkillV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'write')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  try {
+    if (!parseBearerToken(request)) return text('Unauthorized', 401, rate.headers)
+  } catch {
+    return text('Unauthorized', 401, rate.headers)
+  }
+  const { userId } = await requireApiTokenUser(ctx, request)
+
+  const contentType = request.headers.get('content-type') ?? ''
+  try {
+    if (contentType.includes('application/json')) {
+      const body = await request.json()
+      const payload = parsePublishBody(body)
+      const result = await publishVersionForUser(ctx, userId, payload)
+      return json({ ok: true, ...result }, 200, rate.headers)
+    }
+
+    if (contentType.includes('multipart/form-data')) {
+      const payload = await parseMultipartPublish(ctx, request)
+      const result = await publishVersionForUser(ctx, userId, payload)
+      return json({ ok: true, ...result }, 200, rate.headers)
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Publish failed'
+    return text(message, 400, rate.headers)
+  }
+
+  return text('Unsupported content type', 415, rate.headers)
+}
+
+export async function skillsPostRouterV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'write')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  const segments = getPathSegments(request, '/api/v1/skills/')
+  if (segments.length !== 2 || segments[1] !== 'undelete') {
+    return text('Not found', 404, rate.headers)
+  }
+  const slug = segments[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? ''
+  try {
+    const { userId } = await requireApiTokenUser(ctx, request)
+    await ctx.runMutation(internal.skills.setSkillSoftDeletedInternal, {
+      userId,
+      slug,
+      deleted: false,
+    })
+    return json({ ok: true }, 200, rate.headers)
+  } catch (error) {
+    return softDeleteErrorToResponse('skill', error, rate.headers)
+  }
+}
+
+export async function skillsDeleteRouterV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'write')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  const segments = getPathSegments(request, '/api/v1/skills/')
+  if (segments.length !== 1) return text('Not found', 404, rate.headers)
+  const slug = segments[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? ''
+  try {
+    const { userId } = await requireApiTokenUser(ctx, request)
+    await ctx.runMutation(internal.skills.setSkillSoftDeletedInternal, {
+      userId,
+      slug,
+      deleted: true,
+    })
+    return json({ ok: true }, 200, rate.headers)
+  } catch (error) {
+    return softDeleteErrorToResponse('skill', error, rate.headers)
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+import { api, internal } from '../_generated/api'
+import type { Doc, Id } from '../_generated/dataModel'
+import type { ActionCtx } from '../_generated/server'
+import { requireApiTokenUser } from '../lib/apiTokenAuth'
+import { applyRateLimit, parseBearerToken } from '../lib/httpRateLimit'
+import { publishSoulVersionForUser } from '../souls'
+import {
+  MAX_RAW_FILE_BYTES,
+  getPathSegments,
+  json,
+  parseMultipartPublish,
+  parsePublishBody,
+  resolveSoulTagsBatch,
+  safeTextFileResponse,
+  softDeleteErrorToResponse,
+  text,
+  toOptionalNumber,
+} from './shared'
+
+type ListSoulsResult = {
+  items: Array<{
+    soul: {
+      _id: Id<'souls'>
+      slug: string
+      displayName: string
+      summary?: string
+      tags: Record<string, Id<'soulVersions'>>
+      stats: unknown
+      createdAt: number
+      updatedAt: number
+      latestVersionId?: Id<'soulVersions'>
+    }
+    latestVersion: { version: string; createdAt: number; changelog: string } | null
+  }>
+  nextCursor: string | null
+}
+
+type GetSoulBySlugResult = {
+  soul: {
+    _id: Id<'souls'>
+    slug: string
+    displayName: string
+    summary?: string
+    tags: Record<string, Id<'soulVersions'>>
+    stats: unknown
+    createdAt: number
+    updatedAt: number
+  } | null
+  latestVersion: Doc<'soulVersions'> | null
+  owner: { handle?: string; displayName?: string; image?: string } | null
+} | null
+
+type ListSoulVersionsResult = {
+  items: Array<{
+    version: string
+    createdAt: number
+    changelog: string
+    changelogSource?: 'auto' | 'user'
+    files: Array<{
+      path: string
+      size: number
+      storageId: Id<'_storage'>
+      sha256: string
+      contentType?: string
+    }>
+    softDeletedAt?: number
+  }>
+  nextCursor: string | null
+}
+
+type SoulFile = Doc<'soulVersions'>['files'][number]
+
+export async function listSoulsV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'read')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  const url = new URL(request.url)
+  const limit = toOptionalNumber(url.searchParams.get('limit'))
+  const cursor = url.searchParams.get('cursor')?.trim() || undefined
+
+  const result = (await ctx.runQuery(api.souls.listPublicPage, {
+    limit,
+    cursor,
+  })) as ListSoulsResult
+
+  // Batch resolve all tags in a single query instead of N queries
+  const resolvedTagsList = await resolveSoulTagsBatch(
+    ctx,
+    result.items.map((item) => item.soul.tags),
+  )
+
+  const items = result.items.map((item, idx) => ({
+    slug: item.soul.slug,
+    displayName: item.soul.displayName,
+    summary: item.soul.summary ?? null,
+    tags: resolvedTagsList[idx],
+    stats: item.soul.stats,
+    createdAt: item.soul.createdAt,
+    updatedAt: item.soul.updatedAt,
+    latestVersion: item.latestVersion
+      ? {
+          version: item.latestVersion.version,
+          createdAt: item.latestVersion.createdAt,
+          changelog: item.latestVersion.changelog,
+        }
+      : null,
+  }))
+
+  return json({ items, nextCursor: result.nextCursor ?? null }, 200, rate.headers)
+}
+
+export async function soulsGetRouterV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'read')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  const segments = getPathSegments(request, '/api/v1/souls/')
+  if (segments.length === 0) return text('Missing slug', 400, rate.headers)
+  const slug = segments[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? ''
+  const second = segments[1]
+  const third = segments[2]
+
+  if (segments.length === 1) {
+    const result = (await ctx.runQuery(api.souls.getBySlug, { slug })) as GetSoulBySlugResult
+    if (!result?.soul) return text('Soul not found', 404, rate.headers)
+
+    const [tags] = await resolveSoulTagsBatch(ctx, [result.soul.tags])
+    return json(
+      {
+        soul: {
+          slug: result.soul.slug,
+          displayName: result.soul.displayName,
+          summary: result.soul.summary ?? null,
+          tags,
+          stats: result.soul.stats,
+          createdAt: result.soul.createdAt,
+          updatedAt: result.soul.updatedAt,
+        },
+        latestVersion: result.latestVersion
+          ? {
+              version: result.latestVersion.version,
+              createdAt: result.latestVersion.createdAt,
+              changelog: result.latestVersion.changelog,
+            }
+          : null,
+        owner: result.owner
+          ? {
+              handle: result.owner.handle ?? null,
+              displayName: result.owner.displayName ?? null,
+              image: result.owner.image ?? null,
+            }
+          : null,
+      },
+      200,
+      rate.headers,
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (second === 'versions' && segments.length === 2) {
+    const soul = await ctx.runQuery(internal.souls.getSoulBySlugInternal, { slug })
+    if (!soul || soul.softDeletedAt) return text('Soul not found', 404, rate.headers)
+
+    const url = new URL(request.url)
+    const limit = toOptionalNumber(url.searchParams.get('limit'))
+    const cursor = url.searchParams.get('cursor')?.trim() || undefined
+    const result = (await ctx.runQuery(api.souls.listVersionsPage, {
+      soulId: soul._id,
+      limit,
+      cursor,
+    })) as ListSoulVersionsResult
+
+    const items = result.items
+      .filter((version) => !version.softDeletedAt)
+      .map((version) => ({
+        version: version.version,
+        createdAt: version.createdAt,
+        changelog: version.changelog,
+        changelogSource: version.changelogSource ?? null,
+      }))
+
+    return json({ items, nextCursor: result.nextCursor ?? null }, 200, rate.headers)
+  }
+
+  if (second === 'versions' && third && segments.length === 3) {
+    const soul = await ctx.runQuery(internal.souls.getSoulBySlugInternal, { slug })
+    if (!soul || soul.softDeletedAt) return text('Soul not found', 404, rate.headers)
+
+    const version = await ctx.runQuery(api.souls.getVersionBySoulAndVersion, {
+      soulId: soul._id,
+      version: third,
+    })
+    if (!version) return text('Version not found', 404, rate.headers)
+    if (version.softDeletedAt) return text('Version not available', 410, rate.headers)
+
+    return json(
+      {
+        soul: { slug: soul.slug, displayName: soul.displayName },
+        version: {
+          version: version.version,
+          createdAt: version.createdAt,
+          changelog: version.changelog,
+          changelogSource: version.changelogSource ?? null,
+          files: version.files.map((file: SoulFile) => ({
+            path: file.path,
+            size: file.size,
+            sha256: file.sha256,
+            contentType: file.contentType ?? null,
+          })),
+        },
+      },
+      200,
+      rate.headers,
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (second === 'file' && segments.length === 2) {
+    const url = new URL(request.url)
+    const path = url.searchParams.get('path')?.trim()
+    if (!path) return text('Missing path', 400, rate.headers)
+    const versionParam = url.searchParams.get('version')?.trim()
+    const tagParam = url.searchParams.get('tag')?.trim()
+
+    const soulResult = (await ctx.runQuery(api.souls.getBySlug, { slug })) as GetSoulBySlugResult
+    if (!soulResult?.soul) return text('Soul not found', 404, rate.headers)
+
+    let version = soulResult.latestVersion
+    if (versionParam) {
+      version = await ctx.runQuery(api.souls.getVersionBySoulAndVersion, {
+        soulId: soulResult.soul._id,
+        version: versionParam,
+      })
+    } else if (tagParam) {
+      const versionId = soulResult.soul.tags[tagParam]
+      if (versionId) {
+        version = await ctx.runQuery(api.souls.getVersionById, { versionId })
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!version) return text('Version not found', 404, rate.headers)
+    if (version.softDeletedAt) return text('Version not available', 410, rate.headers)
+
+    const normalized = path.trim()
+    const normalizedLower = normalized.toLowerCase()
+    const file =
+      version.files.find((entry) => entry.path === normalized) ??
+      version.files.find((entry) => entry.path.toLowerCase() === normalizedLower)
+    if (!file) return text('File not found', 404, rate.headers)
+    if (file.size > MAX_RAW_FILE_BYTES) return text('File exceeds 200KB limit', 413, rate.headers)
+
+    const blob = await ctx.storage.get(file.storageId)
+    if (!blob) return text('File missing in storage', 410, rate.headers)
+    const textContent = await blob.text()
+
+    void ctx.runMutation(api.soulDownloads.increment, { soulId: soulResult.soul._id })
+    return safeTextFileResponse({
+      textContent,
+      path: file.path,
+      contentType: file.contentType ?? undefined,
+      sha256: file.sha256,
+      size: file.size,
+      headers: rate.headers,
+    })
+  }
+
+  return text('Not found', 404, rate.headers)
+}
+
+export async function publishSoulV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'write')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  try {
+    if (!parseBearerToken(request)) return text('Unauthorized', 401, rate.headers)
+  } catch {
+    return text('Unauthorized', 401, rate.headers)
+  }
+  const { userId } = await requireApiTokenUser(ctx, request)
+
+  const contentType = request.headers.get('content-type') ?? ''
+  try {
+    if (contentType.includes('application/json')) {
+      const body = await request.json()
+      const payload = parsePublishBody(body)
+      const result = await publishSoulVersionForUser(ctx, userId, payload)
+      return json({ ok: true, ...result }, 200, rate.headers)
+    }
+
+    if (contentType.includes('multipart/form-data')) {
+      const payload = await parseMultipartPublish(ctx, request)
+      const result = await publishSoulVersionForUser(ctx, userId, payload)
+      return json({ ok: true, ...result }, 200, rate.headers)
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Publish failed'
+    return text(message, 400, rate.headers)
+  }
+
+  return text('Unsupported content type', 415, rate.headers)
+}
+
+export async function soulsPostRouterV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'write')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  const segments = getPathSegments(request, '/api/v1/souls/')
+  if (segments.length !== 2 || segments[1] !== 'undelete') {
+    return text('Not found', 404, rate.headers)
+  }
+  const slug = segments[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? ''
+  try {
+    const { userId } = await requireApiTokenUser(ctx, request)
+    await ctx.runMutation(internal.souls.setSoulSoftDeletedInternal, {
+      userId,
+      slug,
+      deleted: false,
+    })
+    return json({ ok: true }, 200, rate.headers)
+  } catch (error) {
+    return softDeleteErrorToResponse('soul', error, rate.headers)
+  }
+}
+
+export async function soulsDeleteRouterV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'write')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  const segments = getPathSegments(request, '/api/v1/souls/')
+  if (segments.length !== 1) return text('Not found', 404, rate.headers)
+  const slug = segments[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? ''
+  try {
+    const { userId } = await requireApiTokenUser(ctx, request)
+    await ctx.runMutation(internal.souls.setSoulSoftDeletedInternal, {
+      userId,
+      slug,
+      deleted: true,
+    })
+    return json({ ok: true }, 200, rate.headers)
+  } catch (error) {
+    return softDeleteErrorToResponse('soul', error, rate.headers)
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { internal } from '../_generated/api'
+import type { ActionCtx } from '../_generated/server'
+import { requireApiTokenUser } from '../lib/apiTokenAuth'
+import { applyRateLimit } from '../lib/httpRateLimit'
+import { getPathSegments, json, text } from './shared'
+
+export async function starsPostRouterV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'write')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  const segments = getPathSegments(request, '/api/v1/stars/')
+  if (segments.length !== 1) return text('Not found', 404, rate.headers)
+  const slug = segments[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? ''
+
+  try {
+    const { userId } = await requireApiTokenUser(ctx, request)
+    const skill = await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getSkillBySlugInternal, { slug })
+    if (!skill) return text('Skill not found', 404, rate.headers)
+
+    const result = await ctx.runMutation(internal.stars.addStarInternal, {
+      userId,
+      skillId: skill._id,
+    })
+    return json(result, 200, rate.headers)
+  } catch {
+    return text('Unauthorized', 401, rate.headers)
+  }
+}
+
+export async function starsDeleteRouterV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'write')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  const segments = getPathSegments(request, '/api/v1/stars/')
+  if (segments.length !== 1) return text('Not found', 404, rate.headers)
+  const slug = segments[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? ''
+
+  try {
+    const { userId } = await requireApiTokenUser(ctx, request)
+    const skill = await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getSkillBySlugInternal, { slug })
+    if (!skill) return text('Skill not found', 404, rate.headers)
+
+    const result = await ctx.runMutation(internal.stars.removeStarInternal, {
+      userId,
+      skillId: skill._id,
+    })
+    return json(result, 200, rate.headers)
+  } catch {
+    return text('Unauthorized', 401, rate.headers)
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+import { api, internal } from '../_generated/api'
+import type { Id } from '../_generated/dataModel'
+import type { ActionCtx } from '../_generated/server'
+import { requireApiTokenUser } from '../lib/apiTokenAuth'
+import { applyRateLimit } from '../lib/httpRateLimit'
+import {
+  getPathSegments,
+  json,
+  parseJsonPayload,
+  requireAdminOrResponse,
+  requireApiTokenUserOrResponse,
+  text,
+  toOptionalNumber,
+} from './shared'
+
+export async function usersPostRouterV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'write')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  const segments = getPathSegments(request, '/api/v1/users/')
+  if (segments.length !== 1) {
+    return text('Not found', 404, rate.headers)
+  }
+  const action = segments[0]
+  if (action !== 'ban' && action !== 'role' && action !== 'restore' && action !== 'reclaim') {
+    return text('Not found', 404, rate.headers)
+  }
+
+  const payloadResult = await parseJsonPayload(request, rate.headers)
+  if (!payloadResult.ok) return payloadResult.response
+  const payload = payloadResult.payload
+
+  const authResult = await requireApiTokenUserOrResponse(ctx, request, rate.headers)
+  if (!authResult.ok) return authResult.response
+  const actorUserId = authResult.userId
+  const actorUser = authResult.user
+
+  // Restore and reclaim have different parameter shapes, handle them separately
+  if (action === 'restore') {
+    const admin = requireAdminOrResponse(actorUser, rate.headers)
+    if (!admin.ok) return admin.response
+    return handleAdminRestore(ctx, request, payload, actorUserId, rate.headers)
+  }
+
+  if (action === 'reclaim') {
+    const admin = requireAdminOrResponse(actorUser, rate.headers)
+    if (!admin.ok) return admin.response
+    return handleAdminReclaim(ctx, request, payload, actorUserId, rate.headers)
+  }
+
+  const handleRaw = typeof payload.handle === 'string' ? payload.handle.trim() : ''
+  const userIdRaw = typeof payload.userId === 'string' ? payload.userId.trim() : ''
+  const reasonRaw = typeof payload.reason === 'string' ? payload.reason.trim() : ''
+  if (!handleRaw && !userIdRaw) {
+    return text('Missing userId or handle', 400, rate.headers)
+  }
+
+  const roleRaw = typeof payload.role === 'string' ? payload.role.trim().toLowerCase() : ''
+  if (action === 'role' && !roleRaw) {
+    return text('Missing role', 400, rate.headers)
+  }
+  const role = roleRaw === 'user' || roleRaw === 'moderator' || roleRaw === 'admin' ? roleRaw : null
+  if (action === 'role' && !role) {
+    return text('Invalid role', 400, rate.headers)
+  }
+
+  let targetUserId: Id<'users'> | null = userIdRaw ? (userIdRaw as Id<'users'>) : null
+  if (!targetUserId) {
+    const handle = handleRaw.toLowerCase()
+    const user = await ctx.runQuery(api.users.getByHandle, { handle })
+    if (!user?._id) return text('User not found', 404, rate.headers)
+    targetUserId = user._id
+  }
+
+  if (action === 'ban') {
+    const reason = reasonRaw.length > 0 ? reasonRaw : undefined
+    if (reason && reason.length > 500) {
+      return text('Reason too long (max 500 chars)', 400, rate.headers)
+    }
+    try {
+      const result = await ctx.runMutation(internal.users.banUserInternal, {
+        actorUserId,
+        targetUserId,
+        reason,
+      })
+      return json(result, 200, rate.headers)
+    } catch (error) {
+      const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Ban failed'
+      if (message.toLowerCase().includes('forbidden')) {
+        return text('Forbidden', 403, rate.headers)
+      }
+      if (message.toLowerCase().includes('not found')) {
+        return text(message, 404, rate.headers)
+      }
+      return text(message, 400, rate.headers)
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!role) {
+    return text('Invalid role', 400, rate.headers)
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const result = await ctx.runMutation(internal.users.setRoleInternal, {
+      actorUserId,
+      targetUserId,
+      role,
+    })
+    return json({ ok: true, role: result.role ?? role }, 200, rate.headers)
+  } catch (error) {
+    const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Role change failed'
+    if (message.toLowerCase().includes('forbidden')) {
+      return text('Forbidden', 403, rate.headers)
+    }
+    if (message.toLowerCase().includes('not found')) {
+      return text(message, 404, rate.headers)
+    }
+    return text(message, 400, rate.headers)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * POST /api/v1/users/restore
+ * Admin-only: restore skills from GitHub backup for a user.
+ * Body: { handle: string, slugs: string[], forceOverwriteSquatter?: boolean }
+ */
+async function handleAdminRestore(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+  _request: Request,
+  payload: Record<string, unknown>,
+  actorUserId: Id<'users'>,
+  headers: HeadersInit,
+) {
+  const handle = typeof payload.handle === 'string' ? payload.handle.trim().toLowerCase() : ''
+  if (!handle) return text('Missing handle', 400, headers)
+
+  const slugs = Array.isArray(payload.slugs) ? payload.slugs.filter((s): s is string => typeof s === 'string') : []
+  if (slugs.length === 0) return text('Missing slugs array', 400, headers)
+  if (slugs.length > 100) return text('Too many slugs (max 100)', 400, headers)
+
+  const forceOverwriteSquatter = Boolean(payload.forceOverwriteSquatter)
+
+  const targetUser = await ctx.runQuery(api.users.getByHandle, { handle })
+  if (!targetUser?._id) return text('User not found', 404, headers)
+
+  try {
+    const result = await ctx.runAction(internal.githubRestore.restoreUserSkillsFromBackup, {
+      actorUserId,
+      ownerHandle: handle,
+      ownerUserId: targetUser._id,
+      slugs,
+      forceOverwriteSquatter,
+    })
+    return json(result, 200, headers)
+  } catch (error) {
+    const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Restore failed'
+    if (message.toLowerCase().includes('forbidden')) {
+      return text('Forbidden', 403, headers)
+    }
+    return text(message, 400, headers)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * POST /api/v1/users/reclaim
+ * Admin-only: reclaim root slugs for the rightful owner.
+ * Default behavior is non-destructive owner transfer for existing skills
+ * (preserves versions/stats/metadata) and leaves missing slugs untouched.
+ * Body: { handle: string, slugs: string[], reason?: string }
+ */
+async function handleAdminReclaim(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+  _request: Request,
+  payload: Record<string, unknown>,
+  actorUserId: Id<'users'>,
+  headers: HeadersInit,
+) {
+  const handle = typeof payload.handle === 'string' ? payload.handle.trim().toLowerCase() : ''
+  if (!handle) return text('Missing handle', 400, headers)
+
+  const slugs = Array.isArray(payload.slugs) ? payload.slugs.filter((s): s is string => typeof s === 'string') : []
+  if (slugs.length === 0) return text('Missing slugs array', 400, headers)
+  if (slugs.length > 200) return text('Too many slugs (max 200)', 400, headers)
+
+  const reason = typeof payload.reason === 'string' ? payload.reason.trim() : undefined
+
+  const targetUser = await ctx.runQuery(api.users.getByHandle, { handle })
+  if (!targetUser?._id) return text('User not found', 404, headers)
+
+  const results: Array<{ slug: string; ok: boolean; action?: string; error?: string }> = []
+  for (const slug of slugs) {
+    try {
+      const result = (await ctx.runMutation(internal.skills.reclaimSlugInternal, {
+        actorUserId,
+        slug: slug.trim().toLowerCase(),
+        rightfulOwnerUserId: targetUser._id,
+        reason,
+        transferRootSlugOnly: true,
+      })) as { action?: string }
+      results.push({ slug, ok: true, action: result.action })
+    } catch (error) {
+      const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Reclaim failed'
+      results.push({ slug, ok: false, error: message })
+    }
+  }
+
+  const succeeded = results.filter((r) => r.ok).length
+  const failed = results.filter((r) => !r.ok).length
+
+  return json({ ok: true, results, succeeded, failed }, 200, headers)
+}
+
+export async function usersListV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'read')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  const url = new URL(request.url)
+  const limitRaw = toOptionalNumber(url.searchParams.get('limit'))
+  const query = url.searchParams.get('q') ?? url.searchParams.get('query') ?? ''
+
+  let actorUserId: Id<'users'>
+  try {
+    const auth = await requireApiTokenUser(ctx, request)
+    actorUserId = auth.userId
+  } catch {
+    return text('Unauthorized', 401, rate.headers)
+  }
+
+  const limit = Math.min(Math.max(limitRaw ?? 20, 1), 200)
+  try {
+    const result = await ctx.runQuery(internal.users.searchInternal, {
+      actorUserId,
+      query,
+      limit,
+    })
+    return json(result, 200, rate.headers)
+  } catch (error) {
+    const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'User search failed'
+    if (message.toLowerCase().includes('forbidden')) {
+      return text('Forbidden', 403, rate.headers)
+    }
+    if (message.toLowerCase().includes('unauthorized')) {
+      return text('Unauthorized', 401, rate.headers)
+    }
+    return text(message, 400, rate.headers)
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import type { ActionCtx } from '../_generated/server'
+import { requireApiTokenUser } from '../lib/apiTokenAuth'
+import { applyRateLimit } from '../lib/httpRateLimit'
+import { json, text } from './shared'
+
+export async function whoamiV1Handler(ctx: ActionCtx, request: Request) {
+  const rate = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'read')
+  if (!rate.ok) return rate.response
+
+  try {
+    const { user } = await requireApiTokenUser(ctx, request)
+    return json(
+      {
+        user: {
+          handle: user.handle ?? null,
+          displayName: user.displayName ?? null,
+          image: user.image ?? null,
+        },
+      },
+      200,
+      rate.headers,
+    )
+  } catch {
+    return text('Unauthorized', 401, rate.headers)
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import { httpAction } from './_generated/server'
+import { corsHeaders, mergeHeaders } from './lib/httpHeaders'
+
+function getHeader(request: Request, name: string) {
+  return request.headers.get(name) ?? request.headers.get(name.toLowerCase())
+}
+
+export function buildPreflightHeaders(request: Request) {
+  const requestedHeaders = getHeader(request, 'Access-Control-Request-Headers')?.trim() || null
+  const requestedMethod = getHeader(request, 'Access-Control-Request-Method')?.trim() || null
+
+  const vary = [
+    ...(requestedMethod ? ['Access-Control-Request-Method'] : []),
+    ...(requestedHeaders ? ['Access-Control-Request-Headers'] : []),
+  ].join(', ')
+
+  return mergeHeaders(
+    corsHeaders(),
+    {
+      'Access-Control-Allow-Methods': 'GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS, PATCH, HEAD',
+      'Access-Control-Allow-Headers':
+        requestedHeaders ?? 'Content-Type, Authorization, Digest, X-Clawhub-Version',
+      'Access-Control-Max-Age': '86400',
+      ...(vary ? { Vary: vary } : {}),
+    },
+  )
+}
+
+export const preflightHandler = httpAction(async (_ctx, request) => {
+  // No cookies/credentials supported; allow any origin for simple browser access.
+  // If we ever add cookie auth, this must switch to reflecting origin + Allow-Credentials.
+  return new Response(null, {
+    status: 204,
+    headers: buildPreflightHeaders(request),
+  })
+})
+
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+vi.mock('@convex-dev/auth/server', () => ({
+  getAuthUserId: vi.fn(),
+}))
+
+const { getAuthUserId } = await import('@convex-dev/auth/server')
+const {
+  assertAdmin,
+  assertModerator,
+  assertRole,
+  requireUser,
+  requireUserFromAction,
+} = await import('./access')
+
+describe('access.requireUser', () => {
+  it('throws when auth is missing', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(getAuthUserId).mockResolvedValue(null)
+    await expect(
+      requireUser({
+        db: { get: vi.fn() },
+      } as never),
+    ).rejects.toThrow('Unauthorized')
+  })
+
+  it('throws when user is deleted/deactivated/missing', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(getAuthUserId).mockResolvedValue('users:1' as never)
+
+    for (const value of [null, { _id: 'users:1', deletedAt: Date.now() }, { _id: 'users:1', deactivatedAt: Date.now() }]) {
+      const dbGet = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(value as never)
+      await expect(
+        requireUser({
+          db: { get: dbGet },
+        } as never),
+      ).rejects.toThrow('User not found')
+    }
+  })
+
+  it('returns auth user when active', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(getAuthUserId).mockResolvedValue('users:2' as never)
+    const user = { _id: 'users:2', role: 'user' }
+    const dbGet = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(user as never)
+
+    const result = await requireUser({
+      db: { get: dbGet },
+    } as never)
+
+    expect(dbGet).toHaveBeenCalledWith('users:2')
+    expect(result).toEqual({ userId: 'users:2', user })
+  })
+})
+
+describe('access.requireUserFromAction', () => {
+  it('throws when auth is missing', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(getAuthUserId).mockResolvedValue(null)
+    await expect(
+      requireUserFromAction({
+        runQuery: vi.fn(),
+      } as never),
+    ).rejects.toThrow('Unauthorized')
+  })
+
+  it('throws when action lookup returns deleted/deactivated/missing user', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(getAuthUserId).mockResolvedValue('users:1' as never)
+
+    for (const value of [null, { _id: 'users:1', deletedAt: Date.now() }, { _id: 'users:1', deactivatedAt: Date.now() }]) {
+      const runQuery = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(value as never)
+      await expect(
+        requireUserFromAction({
+          runQuery,
+        } as never),
+      ).rejects.toThrow('User not found')
+    }
+  })
+
+  it('returns active user from action query', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(getAuthUserId).mockResolvedValue('users:9' as never)
+    const user = { _id: 'users:9', role: 'admin' }
+    const runQuery = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(user as never)
+
+    const result = await requireUserFromAction({
+      runQuery,
+    } as never)
+
+    expect(runQuery).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(result).toEqual({ userId: 'users:9', user })
+  })
+})
+
+describe('access role assertions', () => {
+  it('assertRole allows matching roles and rejects missing role', () => {
+    expect(() => assertRole({ role: 'admin' } as never, ['admin'])).not.toThrow()
+    expect(() => assertRole({ role: undefined } as never, ['admin'])).toThrow('Forbidden')
+    expect(() => assertRole({ role: 'user' } as never, ['admin'])).toThrow('Forbidden')
+  })
+
+  it('assertAdmin/assertModerator enforce expected policy', () => {
+    expect(() => assertAdmin({ role: 'admin' } as never)).not.toThrow()
+    expect(() => assertAdmin({ role: 'moderator' } as never)).toThrow('Forbidden')
+
+    expect(() => assertModerator({ role: 'admin' } as never)).not.toThrow()
+    expect(() => assertModerator({ role: 'moderator' } as never)).not.toThrow()
+    expect(() => assertModerator({ role: 'user' } as never)).toThrow('Forbidden')
+  })
+})
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { getAuthUserId } from '@convex-dev/auth/server'
 import { internal } from '../_generated/api'
-import type { Doc } from '../_generated/dataModel'
+import type { Doc, Id } from '../_generated/dataModel'
 import type { ActionCtx, MutationCtx, QueryCtx } from '../_generated/server'

 export type Role = 'admin' | 'moderator' | 'user'
@@ -9,15 +9,17 @@ export async function requireUser(ctx: MutationCtx | QueryCtx) {
  const userId = await getAuthUserId(ctx)
  if (!userId) throw new Error('Unauthorized')
  const user = await ctx.db.get(userId)
-  if (!user || user.deletedAt) throw new Error('User not found')
+  if (!user || user.deletedAt || user.deactivatedAt) throw new Error('User not found')
  return { userId, user }
 }

-export async function requireUserFromAction(ctx: ActionCtx) {
+export async function requireUserFromAction(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+): Promise<{ userId: Id<'users'>; user: Doc<'users'> }> {
  const userId = await getAuthUserId(ctx)
  if (!userId) throw new Error('Unauthorized')
  const user = await ctx.runQuery(internal.users.getByIdInternal, { userId })
-  if (!user || user.deletedAt) throw new Error('User not found')
+  if (!user || user.deletedAt || user.deactivatedAt) throw new Error('User not found')
  return { userId, user: user as Doc<'users'> }
 }

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { getOptionalApiTokenUserId } from './apiTokenAuth'
+import { hashToken } from './tokens'
+
+describe('getOptionalApiTokenUserId', () => {
+  it('returns null when auth header is missing', async () => {
+    const ctx = {
+      runQuery: vi.fn(),
+    }
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com')
+
+    const userId = await getOptionalApiTokenUserId(ctx as never, request)
+
+    expect(userId).toBeNull()
+    expect(ctx.runQuery).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('returns null for unknown token', async () => {
+    const ctx = {
+      runQuery: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
+    }
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: { authorization: 'Bearer token-1' },
+    })
+
+    const userId = await getOptionalApiTokenUserId(ctx as never, request)
+
+    expect(userId).toBeNull()
+    expect(ctx.runQuery).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(ctx.runQuery.mock.calls[0]?.[1]).toEqual({
+      tokenHash: await hashToken('token-1'),
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('returns user id when token and user are valid', async () => {
+    const tokenId = 'apiTokens_1'
+    const expectedUserId = 'users_1'
+    const ctx = {
+      runQuery: vi
+        .fn()
+        .mockImplementation(async (_fn, args: { tokenHash?: string; tokenId?: string }) => {
+          if (args.tokenHash) {
+            return { _id: tokenId, revokedAt: undefined }
+          }
+          if (args.tokenId) {
+            return { _id: expectedUserId, deletedAt: undefined }
+          }
+          return null
+        }),
+    }
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: { authorization: 'Bearer token-2' },
+    })
+
+    const userId = await getOptionalApiTokenUserId(ctx as never, request)
+
+    expect(userId).toBe(expectedUserId)
+    expect(ctx.runQuery).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+  })
+
+  it('returns null when user is deleted', async () => {
+    const tokenId = 'apiTokens_2'
+    const ctx = {
+      runQuery: vi
+        .fn()
+        .mockImplementation(async (_fn, args: { tokenHash?: string; tokenId?: string }) => {
+          if (args.tokenHash) {
+            return { _id: tokenId, revokedAt: undefined }
+          }
+          if (args.tokenId) {
+            return { _id: 'users_deleted', deletedAt: Date.now() }
+          }
+          return null
+        }),
+    }
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: { authorization: 'Bearer token-3' },
+    })
+
+    const userId = await getOptionalApiTokenUserId(ctx as never, request)
+
+    expect(userId).toBeNull()
+    expect(ctx.runQuery).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+  })
+
+  it('returns null when user is deactivated', async () => {
+    const tokenId = 'apiTokens_3'
+    const ctx = {
+      runQuery: vi
+        .fn()
+        .mockImplementation(async (_fn, args: { tokenHash?: string; tokenId?: string }) => {
+          if (args.tokenHash) {
+            return { _id: tokenId, revokedAt: undefined }
+          }
+          if (args.tokenId) {
+            return { _id: 'users_deactivated', deactivatedAt: Date.now() }
+          }
+          return null
+        }),
+    }
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: { authorization: 'Bearer token-4' },
+    })
+
+    const userId = await getOptionalApiTokenUserId(ctx as never, request)
+
+    expect(userId).toBeNull()
+    expect(ctx.runQuery).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+  })
+})
@@ -21,12 +21,32 @@ export async function requireApiTokenUser(
  const user = await ctx.runQuery(internal.tokens.getUserForTokenInternal, {
    tokenId: apiToken._id,
  })
-  if (!user || user.deletedAt) throw new ConvexError('Unauthorized')
+  if (!user || user.deletedAt || user.deactivatedAt) throw new ConvexError('Unauthorized')

  await ctx.runMutation(internal.tokens.touchInternal, { tokenId: apiToken._id })
  return { user, userId: user._id }
 }

+export async function getOptionalApiTokenUserId(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+  request: Request,
+): Promise<Doc<'users'>['_id'] | null> {
+  const header = request.headers.get('authorization') ?? request.headers.get('Authorization')
+  const token = parseBearerToken(header)
+  if (!token) return null
+
+  const tokenHash = await hashToken(token)
+  const apiToken = await ctx.runQuery(internal.tokens.getByHashInternal, { tokenHash })
+  if (!apiToken || apiToken.revokedAt) return null
+
+  const user = await ctx.runQuery(internal.tokens.getUserForTokenInternal, {
+    tokenId: apiToken._id,
+  })
+  if (!user || user.deletedAt || user.deactivatedAt) return null
+
+  return user._id
+}
+
 function parseBearerToken(header: string | null) {
  if (!header) return null
  const trimmed = header.trim()
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export async function getSkillBadgeMap(
  const records = await ctx.db
    .query('skillBadges')
    .withIndex('by_skill', (q) => q.eq('skillId', skillId))
-    .collect()
+    .take(10)
  return buildBadgeMap(records)
 }

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import type { Scheduler } from 'convex/server'
+
+export function scheduleNextBatchIfNeeded<TArgs extends { cursor?: string }>(
+  scheduler: Scheduler,
+  fn: unknown,
+  args: TArgs,
+  isDone: boolean,
+  continueCursor: string | null,
+) {
+  if (isDone) return
+  void scheduler.runAfter(0, fn as never, {
+    ...args,
+    cursor: continueCursor ?? undefined,
+  } as never)
+}
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { internal } from '../_generated/api'
 import type { Doc, Id } from '../_generated/dataModel'
 import type { ActionCtx } from '../_generated/server'
+import { extractResponseText } from './openaiResponse'

 const CHANGELOG_MODEL = process.env.OPENAI_CHANGELOG_MODEL ?? 'gpt-4.1'
 const MAX_README_CHARS = 8_000
@@ -59,27 +60,6 @@ function pickPaths(values: string[]) {
  return values.slice(0, MAX_PATHS_IN_PROMPT)
 }

-function extractResponseText(payload: unknown) {
-  if (!payload || typeof payload !== 'object') return null
-  const output = (payload as { output?: unknown }).output
-  if (!Array.isArray(output)) return null
-  const chunks: string[] = []
-  for (const item of output) {
-    if (!item || typeof item !== 'object') continue
-    if ((item as { type?: unknown }).type !== 'message') continue
-    const content = (item as { content?: unknown }).content
-    if (!Array.isArray(content)) continue
-    for (const part of content) {
-      if (!part || typeof part !== 'object') continue
-      if ((part as { type?: unknown }).type !== 'output_text') continue
-      const text = (part as { text?: unknown }).text
-      if (typeof text === 'string' && text.trim()) chunks.push(text)
-    }
-  }
-  const joined = chunks.join('\n').trim()
-  return joined || null
-}
-
 async function generateWithOpenAI(args: {
  slug: string
  version: string
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/* @vitest-environment node */
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import {
+  assembleCommentScamEvalUserMessage,
+  buildCommentScamBanReason,
+  isCertainScam,
+  parseCommentScamEvalResponse,
+} from './commentScamPrompt'
+
+describe('commentScamPrompt', () => {
+  it('parses valid JSON response', () => {
+    const parsed = parseCommentScamEvalResponse(
+      JSON.stringify({
+        verdict: 'certain_scam',
+        confidence: 'high',
+        explanation: 'Comment instructs users to decode base64 and pipe to bash.',
+        evidence: ['echo + base64 -D | bash', 'fake update-service domain'],
+      }),
+    )
+
+    expect(parsed).toEqual({
+      verdict: 'certain_scam',
+      confidence: 'high',
+      explanation: 'Comment instructs users to decode base64 and pipe to bash.',
+      evidence: ['echo + base64 -D | bash', 'fake update-service domain'],
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('parses markdown-fenced JSON', () => {
+    const parsed = parseCommentScamEvalResponse(`\`\`\`json
+{"verdict":"likely_scam","confidence":"medium","explanation":"Suspicious terminal one-liner.","evidence":["curl | bash"]}
+\`\`\``)
+
+    expect(parsed).toMatchObject({
+      verdict: 'likely_scam',
+      confidence: 'medium',
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('rejects invalid response payloads', () => {
+    expect(parseCommentScamEvalResponse('{"verdict":"ban"}')).toBeNull()
+    expect(parseCommentScamEvalResponse('not-json')).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('builds bounded ban reason', () => {
+    const reason = buildCommentScamBanReason({
+      commentId: 'comments:1',
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      explanation: 'A'.repeat(700),
+      evidence: ['B'.repeat(300), 'C'.repeat(300), 'D'.repeat(300), 'E'.repeat(300)],
+    })
+
+    expect(reason.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(500)
+    expect(reason).toContain('commentId=comments:1')
+    expect(reason).toContain('skillId=skills:1')
+  })
+
+  it('marks certainty only for high-confidence certain_scam', () => {
+    expect(isCertainScam({ verdict: 'certain_scam', confidence: 'high' })).toBe(true)
+    expect(isCertainScam({ verdict: 'certain_scam', confidence: 'medium' })).toBe(false)
+    expect(isCertainScam({ verdict: 'likely_scam', confidence: 'high' })).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  it('builds compact user message with context', () => {
+    const message = assembleCommentScamEvalUserMessage({
+      commentId: 'comments:1',
+      skillId: 'skills:3',
+      userId: 'users:9',
+      body: ' test ',
+    })
+
+    expect(message).toContain('Comment ID: comments:1')
+    expect(message).toContain('Skill ID: skills:3')
+    expect(message).toContain('Author User ID: users:9')
+    expect(message).toContain('test')
+  })
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+export type CommentScamVerdict = 'not_scam' | 'likely_scam' | 'certain_scam'
+export type CommentScamConfidence = 'low' | 'medium' | 'high'
+
+export type CommentScamEvalResponse = {
+  verdict: CommentScamVerdict
+  confidence: CommentScamConfidence
+  explanation: string
+  evidence: string[]
+}
+
+export const COMMENT_SCAM_EVAL_MAX_OUTPUT_TOKENS = 1200
+const MAX_COMMENT_CHARS = 4000
+const MAX_EXPLANATION_CHARS = 1200
+const MAX_EVIDENCE_ITEMS = 5
+const MAX_EVIDENCE_ITEM_CHARS = 160
+const MAX_BAN_REASON_CHARS = 500
+
+const VALID_VERDICTS = new Set<CommentScamVerdict>(['not_scam', 'likely_scam', 'certain_scam'])
+const VALID_CONFIDENCES = new Set<CommentScamConfidence>(['low', 'medium', 'high'])
+
+export const COMMENT_SCAM_EVALUATOR_SYSTEM_PROMPT = `You are a trust and safety classifier for user comments on a software registry.
+
+Goal: detect comment scams with high precision.
+
+A "certain_scam" verdict is only allowed when the comment clearly attempts fraud, credential theft, malware delivery, or social-engineering abuse.
+
+High-confidence scam patterns include:
+- Instructing users to run suspicious shell commands (especially obfuscated/base64/piped-to-bash/curl installer tricks).
+- Fake support/update instructions pointing to unknown domains, executables, or terminal one-liners.
+- Requests for private keys, seed phrases, passwords, API keys, session tokens, or wallet recovery data.
+- Impersonation or urgent pressure language to bypass trust checks.
+- Known scam payload structure (e.g. echo+base64+decode+bash, hidden downloader chains).
+
+Important anti-false-positive rules:
+- Do NOT mark legitimate troubleshooting or normal install instructions as "certain_scam" unless the malicious intent is explicit.
+- If suspicious but ambiguous, use "likely_scam".
+- If benign/unclear, use "not_scam".
+
+Output JSON only:
+{
+  "verdict": "not_scam" | "likely_scam" | "certain_scam",
+  "confidence": "low" | "medium" | "high",
+  "explanation": "short plain-language rationale",
+  "evidence": ["short concrete signal", "..."]
+}`
+
+export function getCommentScamEvalModel(): string {
+  return process.env.OPENAI_COMMENT_EVAL_MODEL ?? process.env.OPENAI_EVAL_MODEL ?? 'gpt-5-mini'
+}
+
+export function assembleCommentScamEvalUserMessage(args: {
+  commentId: string
+  skillId: string
+  userId: string
+  body: string
+}): string {
+  const trimmed = args.body.trim()
+  const body =
+    trimmed.length > MAX_COMMENT_CHARS
+      ? `${trimmed.slice(0, MAX_COMMENT_CHARS)}\n…[truncated]`
+      : trimmed
+
+  return [
+    `Comment ID: ${args.commentId}`,
+    `Skill ID: ${args.skillId}`,
+    `Author User ID: ${args.userId}`,
+    'Comment body:',
+    '```',
+    body,
+    '```',
+    'Respond with a single JSON object.',
+  ].join('\n')
+}
+
+function stripCodeFence(raw: string): string {
+  const text = raw.trim()
+  if (!text.startsWith('```')) return text
+  const firstNewline = text.indexOf('\n')
+  if (firstNewline === -1) return text
+  const withoutOpening = text.slice(firstNewline + 1)
+  const lastFence = withoutOpening.lastIndexOf('```')
+  if (lastFence === -1) return withoutOpening.trim()
+  return withoutOpening.slice(0, lastFence).trim()
+}
+
+function truncate(value: string, max: number): string {
+  if (value.length <= max) return value
+  if (max <= 3) return value.slice(0, max)
+  return `${value.slice(0, max - 3)}...`
+}
+
+export function parseCommentScamEvalResponse(raw: string): CommentScamEvalResponse | null {
+  let parsed: unknown
+  try {
+    parsed = JSON.parse(stripCodeFence(raw))
+  } catch {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  if (!parsed || typeof parsed !== 'object') return null
+  const obj = parsed as Record<string, unknown>
+
+  const verdict =
+    typeof obj.verdict === 'string' ? (obj.verdict.toLowerCase() as CommentScamVerdict) : null
+  if (!verdict || !VALID_VERDICTS.has(verdict)) return null
+
+  const confidence =
+    typeof obj.confidence === 'string'
+      ? (obj.confidence.toLowerCase() as CommentScamConfidence)
+      : null
+  if (!confidence || !VALID_CONFIDENCES.has(confidence)) return null
+
+  const rawExplanation = typeof obj.explanation === 'string' ? obj.explanation.trim() : ''
+  if (!rawExplanation) return null
+
+  const rawEvidence = Array.isArray(obj.evidence) ? obj.evidence : []
+  const evidence = rawEvidence
+    .map((item) => (typeof item === 'string' ? item.trim() : ''))
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .slice(0, MAX_EVIDENCE_ITEMS)
+    .map((item) => truncate(item, MAX_EVIDENCE_ITEM_CHARS))
+
+  return {
+    verdict,
+    confidence,
+    explanation: truncate(rawExplanation, MAX_EXPLANATION_CHARS),
+    evidence,
+  }
+}
+
+export function isCertainScam(result: {
+  verdict: CommentScamVerdict
+  confidence: CommentScamConfidence
+}): boolean {
+  return result.verdict === 'certain_scam' && result.confidence === 'high'
+}
+
+export function buildCommentScamBanReason(args: {
+  commentId: string
+  skillId: string
+  explanation: string
+  evidence: string[]
+}): string {
+  const explanation = args.explanation.trim()
+  const evidence = args.evidence
+    .map((item) => item.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .slice(0, 3)
+
+  const suffix = ` commentId=${args.commentId} skillId=${args.skillId}`
+  const evidenceSegment = evidence.length > 0 ? ` evidence: ${evidence.join('; ')}.` : ''
+  const core = `comment scam auto-ban. ${explanation}.${evidenceSegment}`
+  const maxCoreChars = Math.max(0, MAX_BAN_REASON_CHARS - suffix.length)
+  return `${truncate(core, maxCoreChars)}${suffix}`
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+const EXT_TO_TYPE: Record<string, string> = {
+  md: 'text/markdown',
+  mdx: 'text/markdown',
+  json: 'application/json',
+  json5: 'application/json',
+  yaml: 'application/yaml',
+  yml: 'application/yaml',
+  toml: 'application/toml',
+  svg: 'image/svg+xml',
+}
+
+export function guessContentTypeForPath(path: string) {
+  const trimmed = path.trim().toLowerCase()
+  if (!trimmed) return 'application/octet-stream'
+  const ext = trimmed.split('.').at(-1) ?? ''
+  return EXT_TO_TYPE[ext] ?? 'application/octet-stream'
+}
+
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+export type EmbeddingVisibility =
+  | 'latest'
+  | 'latest-approved'
+  | 'archived'
+  | 'archived-approved'
+  | 'deleted'
+
+export function embeddingVisibilityFor(isLatest: boolean, isApproved: boolean): Exclude<
+  EmbeddingVisibility,
+  'deleted'
+> {
+  if (isLatest && isApproved) return 'latest-approved'
+  if (isLatest) return 'latest'
+  if (isApproved) return 'archived-approved'
+  return 'archived'
+}
+
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/* @vitest-environment node */
+
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { EMBEDDING_DIMENSIONS, generateEmbedding } from './embeddings'
+
+const fetchMock = vi.fn<typeof fetch>()
+const consoleWarnSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {})
+
+const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch
+const originalApiKey = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY
+
+function jsonResponse(payload: unknown, init?: ResponseInit) {
+  return new Response(JSON.stringify(payload), {
+    status: 200,
+    headers: {
+      'content-type': 'application/json',
+    },
+    ...init,
+  })
+}
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  fetchMock.mockReset()
+  globalThis.fetch = fetchMock as typeof fetch
+  process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY = 'test-key'
+  consoleWarnSpy.mockClear()
+})
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  globalThis.fetch = originalFetch
+
+  if (originalApiKey === undefined) {
+    delete process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY
+  } else {
+    process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY = originalApiKey
+  }
+
+  vi.useRealTimers()
+})
+
+describe('generateEmbedding', () => {
+  it('returns zero embedding when OPENAI_API_KEY is missing', async () => {
+    delete process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY
+    const result = await generateEmbedding('hello world')
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(EMBEDDING_DIMENSIONS)
+    expect(result.every((value) => value === 0)).toBe(true)
+    expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('retries on 429 responses and then succeeds', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    fetchMock.mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response('rate limited', { status: 429 }))
+    fetchMock.mockResolvedValueOnce(jsonResponse({ data: [{ embedding: [0.25, 0.75] }] }))
+
+    const promise = generateEmbedding('retry me')
+    await vi.runAllTimersAsync()
+
+    await expect(promise).resolves.toEqual([0.25, 0.75])
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+  })
+
+  it('does not retry non-retryable 4xx responses', async () => {
+    fetchMock.mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response('bad request', { status: 400 }))
+
+    await expect(generateEmbedding('bad')).rejects.toThrow('Embedding failed: bad request')
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+
+  it('retries on network failures and then succeeds', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    fetchMock.mockRejectedValueOnce(new TypeError('fetch failed'))
+    fetchMock.mockResolvedValueOnce(jsonResponse({ data: [{ embedding: [1, 2, 3] }] }))
+
+    const promise = generateEmbedding('network retry')
+    await vi.runAllTimersAsync()
+
+    await expect(promise).resolves.toEqual([1, 2, 3])
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+  })
+
+  it('retries timeouts up to max attempts and preserves timeout error', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    fetchMock.mockRejectedValue(new DOMException('aborted', 'AbortError'))
+
+    const promise = generateEmbedding('always timeout')
+    const rejection = expect(promise).rejects.toThrow(
+      'OpenAI API request timed out after 10 seconds',
+    )
+    await vi.runAllTimersAsync()
+
+    await rejection
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3)
+  })
+})
@@ -1,10 +1,67 @@
 export const EMBEDDING_MODEL = 'text-embedding-3-small'
 export const EMBEDDING_DIMENSIONS = 1536

+const EMBEDDING_ENDPOINT = 'https://api.openai.com/v1/embeddings'
+const REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000
+const MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3
+const BASE_RETRY_DELAY_MS = 1_000
+
+class RetryableEmbeddingError extends Error {
+  constructor(message: string, options?: { cause?: unknown }) {
+    super(message, options)
+    this.name = 'RetryableEmbeddingError'
+  }
+}
+
 function emptyEmbedding() {
  return Array.from({ length: EMBEDDING_DIMENSIONS }, () => 0)
 }

+function parseRetryAfterMs(retryAfterHeader: string | null) {
+  if (!retryAfterHeader) return null
+
+  const seconds = Number(retryAfterHeader)
+  if (Number.isFinite(seconds) && seconds >= 0) {
+    return Math.round(seconds * 1000)
+  }
+
+  const dateMs = Date.parse(retryAfterHeader)
+  if (Number.isFinite(dateMs)) {
+    return Math.max(0, dateMs - Date.now())
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+function getRetryDelayMs(attempt: number, retryAfterMs: number | null) {
+  const exponentialDelayMs = BASE_RETRY_DELAY_MS * 2 ** attempt
+  if (retryAfterMs == null) return exponentialDelayMs
+  return Math.max(exponentialDelayMs, retryAfterMs)
+}
+
+function normalizeRetryableNetworkError(error: unknown) {
+  if (!(error instanceof Error)) return null
+
+  if (error.name === 'AbortError') {
+    return new RetryableEmbeddingError(
+      `OpenAI API request timed out after ${Math.floor(REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS / 1000)} seconds`,
+      { cause: error },
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (error instanceof TypeError) {
+    return new RetryableEmbeddingError(`Embedding request failed: ${error.message}`, { cause: error })
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+function sleep(ms: number) {
+  return new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+    setTimeout(resolve, ms)
+  })
+}
+
 export async function generateEmbedding(text: string) {
  const apiKey = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY
  if (!apiKey) {
@@ -12,27 +69,77 @@ export async function generateEmbedding(text: string) {
    return emptyEmbedding()
  }

-  const response = await fetch('https://api.openai.com/v1/embeddings', {
-    method: 'POST',
-    headers: {
-      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-      Authorization: `Bearer ${apiKey}`,
-    },
-    body: JSON.stringify({
-      model: EMBEDDING_MODEL,
-      input: text,
-    }),
-  })
+  let lastRetryableError: RetryableEmbeddingError | null = null

-  if (!response.ok) {
-    const message = await response.text()
-    throw new Error(`Embedding failed: ${message}`)
+  for (let attempt = 0; attempt < MAX_ATTEMPTS; attempt++) {
+    const controller = new AbortController()
+    const timeoutId = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+    try {
+      const response = await fetch(EMBEDDING_ENDPOINT, {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: {
+          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+          Authorization: `Bearer ${apiKey}`,
+        },
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          model: EMBEDDING_MODEL,
+          input: text,
+        }),
+        signal: controller.signal,
+      })
+
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        const message = await response.text()
+        const isRetryableStatus = response.status === 429 || response.status >= 500
+        if (isRetryableStatus) {
+          const retryableError = new RetryableEmbeddingError(
+            `Embedding failed (${response.status}): ${message}`,
+          )
+          lastRetryableError = retryableError
+
+          if (attempt < MAX_ATTEMPTS - 1) {
+            const retryAfterMs = parseRetryAfterMs(response.headers.get('retry-after'))
+            const delayMs = getRetryDelayMs(attempt, retryAfterMs)
+            console.warn(
+              `OpenAI embeddings retry in ${delayMs}ms (attempt ${attempt + 1}/${MAX_ATTEMPTS})`,
+            )
+            await sleep(delayMs)
+            continue
+          }
+
+          throw retryableError
+        }
+
+        throw new Error(`Embedding failed: ${message}`)
+      }
+
+      const payload = (await response.json()) as {
+        data?: Array<{ embedding: number[] }>
+      }
+      const embedding = payload.data?.[0]?.embedding
+      if (!embedding) throw new Error('Embedding missing from response')
+      return embedding
+    } catch (error) {
+      const retryableNetworkError = normalizeRetryableNetworkError(error)
+      if (retryableNetworkError) {
+        lastRetryableError = retryableNetworkError
+        if (attempt < MAX_ATTEMPTS - 1) {
+          const delayMs = getRetryDelayMs(attempt, null)
+          console.warn(
+            `OpenAI embeddings network retry in ${delayMs}ms (attempt ${attempt + 1}/${MAX_ATTEMPTS})`,
+          )
+          await sleep(delayMs)
+          continue
+        }
+        throw retryableNetworkError
+      }
+
+      throw error
+    } finally {
+      clearTimeout(timeoutId)
+    }
  }

-  const payload = (await response.json()) as {
-    data?: Array<{ embedding: number[] }>
-  }
-  const embedding = payload.data?.[0]?.embedding
-  if (!embedding) throw new Error('Embedding missing from response')
-  return embedding
+  throw lastRetryableError ?? new Error('Embedding failed after retries')
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+/* @vitest-environment node */
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import { internal } from '../_generated/api'
+import { requireGitHubAccountAge, syncGitHubProfile } from './githubAccount'
+
+vi.mock('../_generated/api', () => ({
+  internal: {
+    githubIdentity: {
+      getGitHubProviderAccountIdInternal: Symbol('getGitHubProviderAccountIdInternal'),
+    },
+    users: {
+      getByIdInternal: Symbol('getByIdInternal'),
+      setGitHubCreatedAtInternal: Symbol('setGitHubCreatedAtInternal'),
+      syncGitHubProfileInternal: Symbol('syncGitHubProfileInternal'),
+    },
+  },
+}))
+
+const ONE_DAY_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+
+describe('requireGitHubAccountAge', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.restoreAllMocks()
+    vi.unstubAllEnvs()
+    vi.unstubAllGlobals()
+  })
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers()
+    vi.unstubAllEnvs()
+    vi.unstubAllGlobals()
+  })
+
+  it('uses cached githubCreatedAt when present', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const now = new Date('2026-02-02T12:00:00Z')
+    vi.setSystemTime(now)
+
+    const runQuery = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      _id: 'users:1',
+      githubCreatedAt: now.getTime() - 20 * ONE_DAY_MS,
+    })
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn()
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', fetchMock)
+
+    await requireGitHubAccountAge({ runQuery, runMutation } as never, 'users:1' as never)
+
+    expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(runMutation).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(runQuery).toHaveBeenCalledWith(internal.users.getByIdInternal, { userId: 'users:1' })
+    expect(runQuery).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      internal.githubIdentity.getGitHubProviderAccountIdInternal,
+      { userId: 'users:1' },
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('rejects deactivated users', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      _id: 'users:1',
+      deactivatedAt: Date.now(),
+    })
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn()
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', fetchMock)
+
+    await expect(
+      requireGitHubAccountAge({ runQuery, runMutation } as never, 'users:1' as never),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(/User not found/i)
+
+    expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('rejects accounts younger than 14 days', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const now = new Date('2026-02-02T12:00:00Z')
+    vi.setSystemTime(now)
+
+    const runQuery = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      _id: 'users:1',
+      githubCreatedAt: now.getTime() - 2 * ONE_DAY_MS,
+    })
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+
+    await expect(
+      requireGitHubAccountAge({ runQuery, runMutation } as never, 'users:1' as never),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(/GitHub account must be at least 14 days old/i)
+  })
+
+  it('fetches githubCreatedAt when missing (by providerAccountId)', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const now = new Date('2026-02-02T12:00:00Z')
+    vi.setSystemTime(now)
+
+    const runQuery = vi.fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'users:1',
+        githubCreatedAt: undefined,
+      })
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('12345')
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({
+        created_at: '2020-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+      }),
+    })
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', fetchMock)
+
+    await requireGitHubAccountAge({ runQuery, runMutation } as never, 'users:1' as never)
+
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'https://api.github.com/user/12345',
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        headers: expect.objectContaining({ 'User-Agent': 'clawhub' }),
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(runMutation).toHaveBeenCalledWith(internal.users.setGitHubCreatedAtInternal, {
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      githubCreatedAt: Date.parse('2020-01-01T00:00:00Z'),
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('rejects when providerAccountId is missing', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'users:1',
+        githubCreatedAt: undefined,
+      })
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(null)
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn()
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', fetchMock)
+
+    await expect(
+      requireGitHubAccountAge({ runQuery, runMutation } as never, 'users:1' as never),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(/GitHub account required/i)
+
+    expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('rejects when providerAccountId is invalid', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'users:1',
+        githubCreatedAt: undefined,
+      })
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('abc123')
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn()
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', fetchMock)
+
+    await expect(
+      requireGitHubAccountAge({ runQuery, runMutation } as never, 'users:1' as never),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(/GitHub account lookup failed/i)
+
+    expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('throws when GitHub lookup fails', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'users:1',
+        githubCreatedAt: undefined,
+      })
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('12345')
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ ok: false, status: 404 })
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', fetchMock)
+
+    await expect(
+      requireGitHubAccountAge({ runQuery, runMutation } as never, 'users:1' as never),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(/GitHub account lookup failed/i)
+  })
+
+  it('throws rate-limit error on 403', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'users:1',
+        githubCreatedAt: undefined,
+      })
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('12345')
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ ok: false, status: 403 })
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', fetchMock)
+
+    await expect(
+      requireGitHubAccountAge({ runQuery, runMutation } as never, 'users:1' as never),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(/rate limit exceeded/i)
+  })
+
+  it('throws rate-limit error on 429', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'users:1',
+        githubCreatedAt: undefined,
+      })
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('12345')
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ ok: false, status: 429 })
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', fetchMock)
+
+    await expect(
+      requireGitHubAccountAge({ runQuery, runMutation } as never, 'users:1' as never),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(/rate limit exceeded/i)
+  })
+
+  it('throws when GitHub returns an invalid payload', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'users:1',
+        githubCreatedAt: undefined,
+      })
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('12345')
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({}),
+    })
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', fetchMock)
+
+    await expect(
+      requireGitHubAccountAge({ runQuery, runMutation } as never, 'users:1' as never),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(/GitHub account lookup failed/i)
+  })
+
+  it('includes Authorization header when GITHUB_TOKEN is set', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const now = new Date('2026-02-02T12:00:00Z')
+    vi.setSystemTime(now)
+
+    vi.stubEnv('GITHUB_TOKEN', 'ghp_test123')
+
+    const runQuery = vi.fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'users:1',
+        githubCreatedAt: undefined,
+      })
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('12345')
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({
+        created_at: '2020-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+      }),
+    })
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', fetchMock)
+
+    await requireGitHubAccountAge({ runQuery, runMutation } as never, 'users:1' as never)
+
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'https://api.github.com/user/12345',
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        headers: {
+          'User-Agent': 'clawhub',
+          Authorization: 'Bearer ghp_test123',
+        },
+      }),
+    )
+  })
+})
+
+describe('syncGitHubProfile', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.restoreAllMocks()
+    vi.unstubAllEnvs()
+    vi.unstubAllGlobals()
+  })
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers()
+    vi.unstubAllEnvs()
+    vi.unstubAllGlobals()
+  })
+
+  it('skips recent syncs (throttle)', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const now = new Date('2026-02-02T12:00:00Z')
+    vi.setSystemTime(now)
+
+    const runQuery = vi.fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'users:1',
+        name: 'oldname',
+        githubProfileSyncedAt: now.getTime(),
+      })
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn()
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', fetchMock)
+
+    await syncGitHubProfile({ runQuery, runMutation } as never, 'users:1' as never)
+
+    expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(runMutation).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('updates profile even when only avatar changes', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const now = new Date('2026-02-02T12:00:00Z')
+    vi.setSystemTime(now)
+
+    const runQuery = vi.fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'users:1',
+        name: 'same',
+        image: 'https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1?v=3',
+        githubProfileSyncedAt: now.getTime() - 10 * ONE_DAY_MS,
+      })
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('12345')
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({
+        login: 'same',
+        avatar_url: 'https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1?v=4',
+      }),
+    })
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', fetchMock)
+
+    await syncGitHubProfile({ runQuery, runMutation } as never, 'users:1' as never)
+
+    expect(runMutation).toHaveBeenCalledWith(internal.users.syncGitHubProfileInternal, {
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      name: 'same',
+      image: 'https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1?v=4',
+      syncedAt: now.getTime(),
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('updates name and records sync timestamp', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const now = new Date('2026-02-02T12:00:00Z')
+    vi.setSystemTime(now)
+
+    const runQuery = vi.fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'users:1',
+        name: 'old',
+        githubProfileSyncedAt: now.getTime() - 10 * ONE_DAY_MS,
+      })
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('12345')
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({
+        login: 'new',
+        avatar_url: 'https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1?v=1',
+      }),
+    })
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', fetchMock)
+
+    await syncGitHubProfile({ runQuery, runMutation } as never, 'users:1' as never)
+
+    expect(runMutation).toHaveBeenCalledWith(internal.users.syncGitHubProfileInternal, {
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      name: 'new',
+      image: 'https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1?v=1',
+      syncedAt: now.getTime(),
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('forwards GitHub profile name (full name) when present', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const now = new Date('2026-02-02T12:00:00Z')
+    vi.setSystemTime(now)
+
+    const runQuery = vi.fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        _id: 'users:1',
+        name: 'same',
+        githubProfileSyncedAt: now.getTime() - 10 * ONE_DAY_MS,
+      })
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('12345')
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({
+        login: 'same',
+        name: 'Real Name',
+        avatar_url: 'https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1?v=1',
+      }),
+    })
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', fetchMock)
+
+    await syncGitHubProfile({ runQuery, runMutation } as never, 'users:1' as never)
+
+    expect(runMutation).toHaveBeenCalledWith(internal.users.syncGitHubProfileInternal, {
+      userId: 'users:1',
+      name: 'same',
+      image: 'https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1?v=1',
+      profileName: 'Real Name',
+      syncedAt: now.getTime(),
+    })
+  })
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+import { ConvexError } from 'convex/values'
+import { internal } from '../_generated/api'
+import type { Id } from '../_generated/dataModel'
+import type { ActionCtx } from '../_generated/server'
+import { GITHUB_PROFILE_SYNC_WINDOW_MS } from './githubProfileSync'
+
+const GITHUB_API = 'https://api.github.com'
+const MIN_ACCOUNT_AGE_MS = 14 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+
+type GitHubAccountGateCtx = Pick<ActionCtx, 'runQuery' | 'runMutation'>
+
+type GitHubUser = {
+  login?: string
+  name?: string
+  avatar_url?: string
+  created_at?: string
+}
+
+function assertGitHubNumericId(providerAccountId: string) {
+  if (!/^[0-9]+$/.test(providerAccountId)) {
+    throw new ConvexError('GitHub account lookup failed')
+  }
+}
+
+function buildGitHubHeaders() {
+  const headers: Record<string, string> = { 'User-Agent': 'clawhub' }
+  const token = process.env.GITHUB_TOKEN
+  if (token) {
+    headers.Authorization = `Bearer ${token}`
+  }
+  return headers
+}
+
+export async function requireGitHubAccountAge(ctx: GitHubAccountGateCtx, userId: Id<'users'>) {
+  const user = await ctx.runQuery(internal.users.getByIdInternal, { userId })
+  if (!user || user.deletedAt || user.deactivatedAt) throw new ConvexError('User not found')
+
+  const now = Date.now()
+  let createdAt = user.githubCreatedAt ?? null
+
+  if (!createdAt) {
+    const providerAccountId = await ctx.runQuery(
+      internal.githubIdentity.getGitHubProviderAccountIdInternal,
+      { userId },
+    )
+    if (!providerAccountId) {
+      // Invariant: GitHub is our only auth provider, so this should never happen.
+      throw new ConvexError('GitHub account required')
+    }
+    assertGitHubNumericId(providerAccountId)
+
+    // Fetch by immutable GitHub numeric ID to avoid username swap attacks entirely.
+    const response = await fetch(`${GITHUB_API}/user/${providerAccountId}`, {
+      headers: buildGitHubHeaders(),
+    })
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      if (response.status === 403 || response.status === 429) {
+        throw new ConvexError('GitHub API rate limit exceeded — please try again in a few minutes')
+      }
+      throw new ConvexError('GitHub account lookup failed')
+    }
+
+    const payload = (await response.json()) as GitHubUser
+    const parsed = payload.created_at ? Date.parse(payload.created_at) : Number.NaN
+    if (!Number.isFinite(parsed)) throw new ConvexError('GitHub account lookup failed')
+
+    createdAt = parsed
+    await ctx.runMutation(internal.users.setGitHubCreatedAtInternal, {
+      userId,
+      githubCreatedAt: createdAt,
+    })
+  }
+
+  if (!createdAt) throw new ConvexError('GitHub account lookup failed')
+
+  const ageMs = now - createdAt
+  if (ageMs < MIN_ACCOUNT_AGE_MS) {
+    const remainingMs = MIN_ACCOUNT_AGE_MS - ageMs
+    const remainingDays = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(remainingMs / (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)))
+    throw new ConvexError(
+      `GitHub account must be at least 14 days old to publish skills or post comments. Try again in ${remainingDays} day${
+        remainingDays === 1 ? '' : 's'
+      }.`,
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sync the user's GitHub profile (username, avatar) from the GitHub API.
+ * This handles the case where a user renames their GitHub account.
+ * Uses the immutable GitHub numeric ID to fetch the current profile.
+ */
+export async function syncGitHubProfile(ctx: ActionCtx, userId: Id<'users'>) {
+  const user = await ctx.runQuery(internal.users.getByIdInternal, { userId })
+  if (!user || user.deletedAt || user.deactivatedAt) return
+
+  const now = Date.now()
+  const lastSyncedAt = user.githubProfileSyncedAt ?? null
+  if (lastSyncedAt && now - lastSyncedAt < GITHUB_PROFILE_SYNC_WINDOW_MS) return
+
+  const providerAccountId = await ctx.runQuery(
+    internal.githubIdentity.getGitHubProviderAccountIdInternal,
+    { userId },
+  )
+  if (!providerAccountId) return
+
+  assertGitHubNumericId(providerAccountId)
+
+  const response = await fetch(`${GITHUB_API}/user/${providerAccountId}`, {
+    headers: buildGitHubHeaders(),
+  })
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    // Silently fail - this is a best-effort sync, not critical path
+    console.warn(`[syncGitHubProfile] GitHub API error for user ${userId}: ${response.status}`)
+    return
+  }
+
+  const payload = (await response.json()) as GitHubUser
+  const newLogin = payload.login?.trim()
+  const newImage = payload.avatar_url?.trim()
+
+  const profileName = payload.name?.trim()
+
+  if (!newLogin) return
+
+  const args: {
+    userId: Id<'users'>
+    name: string
+    image?: string
+    syncedAt: number
+    profileName?: string
+  } = {
+    userId,
+    name: newLogin,
+    image: newImage,
+    syncedAt: now,
+  }
+  if (profileName && profileName !== newLogin) {
+    args.profileName = profileName
+  }
+
+  await ctx.runMutation(internal.users.syncGitHubProfileInternal, args)
+}
@@ -74,6 +74,13 @@ export type GitHubBackupContext = {
  root: string
 }

+export type GitHubSkillBackupEntry = {
+  owner: string
+  slug: string
+  rootPath: string
+  metaPath: string
+}
+
 export function isGitHubBackupConfigured() {
  return Boolean(
    process.env.GITHUB_APP_ID &&
@@ -108,6 +115,103 @@ export async function fetchGitHubSkillMeta(
  )
 }

+export async function listGitHubSkillBackupEntries(
+  context: GitHubBackupContext,
+): Promise<GitHubSkillBackupEntry[]> {
+  const ref = await githubGet<GitRef>(
+    context.token,
+    `/repos/${context.repoOwner}/${context.repoName}/git/ref/heads/${context.branch}`,
+  )
+  const baseCommit = await githubGet<GitCommit>(
+    context.token,
+    `/repos/${context.repoOwner}/${context.repoName}/git/commits/${ref.object.sha}`,
+  )
+  const tree = await githubGet<GitTree>(
+    context.token,
+    `/repos/${context.repoOwner}/${context.repoName}/git/trees/${baseCommit.tree.sha}?recursive=1`,
+  )
+
+  const prefix = context.root ? `${context.root}/` : ''
+  const entries: GitHubSkillBackupEntry[] = []
+  for (const entry of tree.tree ?? []) {
+    if (entry.type !== 'blob' || !entry.path) continue
+    if (!entry.path.startsWith(prefix) || !entry.path.endsWith(`/${META_FILENAME}`)) continue
+    const relative = entry.path.slice(prefix.length)
+    const segments = relative.split('/')
+    if (segments.length !== 3) continue
+    const [owner, slug, file] = segments
+    if (file !== META_FILENAME) continue
+    const rootPath = prefix ? `${prefix}${owner}/${slug}` : `${owner}/${slug}`
+    entries.push({ owner, slug, rootPath, metaPath: entry.path })
+  }
+
+  return entries
+}
+
+export async function deleteGitHubSkillBackup(
+  context: GitHubBackupContext,
+  ownerHandle: string,
+  slug: string,
+) {
+  const skillRoot = buildSkillRoot(context.root, ownerHandle, slug)
+  const ref = await githubGet<GitRef>(
+    context.token,
+    `/repos/${context.repoOwner}/${context.repoName}/git/ref/heads/${context.branch}`,
+  )
+  const baseCommitSha = ref.object.sha
+  const baseCommit = await githubGet<GitCommit>(
+    context.token,
+    `/repos/${context.repoOwner}/${context.repoName}/git/commits/${baseCommitSha}`,
+  )
+  const baseTreeSha = baseCommit.tree.sha
+  const existingTree = await githubGet<GitTree>(
+    context.token,
+    `/repos/${context.repoOwner}/${context.repoName}/git/trees/${baseTreeSha}?recursive=1`,
+  )
+
+  const prefix = `${skillRoot}/`
+  const pathsToDelete = (existingTree.tree ?? [])
+    .filter((entry) => entry.type === 'blob' && entry.path?.startsWith(prefix))
+    .map((entry) => entry.path ?? '')
+    .filter(Boolean)
+
+  if (!pathsToDelete.length) return { deleted: false as const }
+
+  const treeEntries = pathsToDelete.map((path) => ({
+    path,
+    mode: '100644' as const,
+    type: 'blob' as const,
+    sha: null,
+  }))
+
+  const newTree = await githubPost<{ sha: string }>(
+    context.token,
+    `/repos/${context.repoOwner}/${context.repoName}/git/trees`,
+    {
+      base_tree: baseTreeSha,
+      tree: treeEntries,
+    },
+  )
+
+  const commit = await githubPost<GitCommit>(
+    context.token,
+    `/repos/${context.repoOwner}/${context.repoName}/git/commits`,
+    {
+      message: `delete: ${skillRoot}`,
+      tree: newTree.sha,
+      parents: [baseCommitSha],
+    },
+  )
+
+  await githubPatch(
+    context.token,
+    `/repos/${context.repoOwner}/${context.repoName}/git/refs/heads/${context.branch}`,
+    { sha: commit.sha },
+  )
+
+  return { deleted: true as const }
+}
+
 export async function backupSkillToGitHub(
  ctx: ActionCtx,
  params: BackupParams,
@@ -397,7 +501,7 @@ function parseRepo(repo: string) {
  return [owner, name] as const
 }

-function normalizeOwner(value: string) {
+export function normalizeOwner(value: string) {
  const normalized = value
    .trim()
    .toLowerCase()
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { canHealSkillOwnershipByGitHubProviderAccountId } from './githubIdentity'
+
+describe('canHealSkillOwnershipByGitHubProviderAccountId', () => {
+  it('denies when either providerAccountId is missing', () => {
+    expect(canHealSkillOwnershipByGitHubProviderAccountId(undefined, undefined)).toBe(false)
+    expect(canHealSkillOwnershipByGitHubProviderAccountId('123', undefined)).toBe(false)
+    expect(canHealSkillOwnershipByGitHubProviderAccountId(undefined, '123')).toBe(false)
+    expect(canHealSkillOwnershipByGitHubProviderAccountId(null, '123')).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  it('denies when providerAccountId differs', () => {
+    expect(canHealSkillOwnershipByGitHubProviderAccountId('123', '456')).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  it('allows when providerAccountId matches', () => {
+    expect(canHealSkillOwnershipByGitHubProviderAccountId('123', '123')).toBe(true)
+  })
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import type { Id } from '../_generated/dataModel'
+import type { QueryCtx } from '../_generated/server'
+
+export function canHealSkillOwnershipByGitHubProviderAccountId(
+  ownerProviderAccountId: string | null | undefined,
+  callerProviderAccountId: string | null | undefined,
+) {
+  // Security invariant: missing identity must never grant ownership.
+  if (!ownerProviderAccountId || !callerProviderAccountId) return false
+  return ownerProviderAccountId === callerProviderAccountId
+}
+
+export async function getGitHubProviderAccountId(
+  ctx: Pick<QueryCtx, 'db'>,
+  userId: Id<'users'>,
+): Promise<string | null> {
+  const account = await ctx.db
+    .query('authAccounts')
+    .withIndex('userIdAndProvider', (q) => q.eq('userId', userId).eq('provider', 'github'))
+    .unique()
+  return account?.providerAccountId ?? null
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+export const GITHUB_PROFILE_SYNC_WINDOW_MS = 6 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+
+export function shouldScheduleGitHubProfileSync(
+  user:
+    | {
+        deletedAt?: number
+        deactivatedAt?: number
+        githubProfileSyncedAt?: number
+      }
+    | null
+    | undefined,
+  now: number,
+) {
+  if (!user || user.deletedAt || user.deactivatedAt) return false
+  const lastSyncedAt = user.githubProfileSyncedAt ?? null
+  if (lastSyncedAt && now - lastSyncedAt < GITHUB_PROFILE_SYNC_WINDOW_MS) return false
+  return true
+}
+
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/* @vitest-environment node */
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import type { GitHubBackupContext } from './githubBackup'
+import { readGitHubBackupFile } from './githubRestoreHelpers'
+
+function makeContext(): GitHubBackupContext {
+  return {
+    token: 'token',
+    repo: 'owner/repo',
+    repoOwner: 'owner',
+    repoName: 'repo',
+    branch: 'main',
+    root: 'skills',
+  }
+}
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  vi.unstubAllGlobals()
+  vi.restoreAllMocks()
+})
+
+  describe('githubRestoreHelpers', () => {
+  it('decodes base64 payloads (including newlines) into bytes', async () => {
+    const content = 'SGVs\n bG8h' // "Hello!" with whitespace/newline
+    vi.stubGlobal(
+      'fetch',
+      vi.fn(async () => ({
+        ok: true,
+        json: async () => ({ content, encoding: 'base64' }),
+        text: async () => '',
+      })),
+    )
+
+    const bytes = await readGitHubBackupFile(makeContext(), 'Owner', 'slug', 'SKILL.md')
+    expect(bytes).not.toBeNull()
+    expect(Buffer.from(bytes!).toString('utf8')).toBe('Hello!')
+  })
+
+  it('throws on unsupported GitHub content encoding', async () => {
+    vi.stubGlobal(
+      'fetch',
+      vi.fn(async () => ({
+        ok: true,
+        json: async () => ({ content: 'eA==', encoding: 'utf-16' }),
+        text: async () => '',
+      })),
+    )
+
+    await expect(readGitHubBackupFile(makeContext(), 'Owner', 'slug', 'SKILL.md')).rejects.toThrow(
+      /Unsupported GitHub content encoding/i,
+    )
+  })
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+'use node'
+
+import type { GitHubBackupContext } from './githubBackup'
+
+const GITHUB_API = 'https://api.github.com'
+const META_FILENAME = '_meta.json'
+const USER_AGENT = 'clawhub/skills-restore'
+
+type GitHubContentsEntry = {
+  name?: string
+  path?: string
+  type?: string // 'file' | 'dir'
+  size?: number
+}
+
+type GitHubBlobResponse = {
+  content?: string
+  encoding?: string
+  size?: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * List all files in a skill's backup directory (excluding _meta.json).
+ * Uses the Contents API scoped to the target directory instead of fetching
+ * the entire repository tree, which is critical for bulk restore performance.
+ * Returns relative file paths (e.g. "SKILL.md", "lib/helper.ts").
+ */
+export async function listGitHubBackupFiles(
+  context: GitHubBackupContext,
+  ownerHandle: string,
+  slug: string,
+): Promise<string[]> {
+  const skillRoot = buildSkillRoot(context.root, ownerHandle, slug)
+  return listFilesRecursive(context, skillRoot, '')
+}
+
+/**
+ * Recursively list files under a directory using the GitHub Contents API.
+ * Each call is scoped to one directory, avoiding full-repo tree downloads.
+ */
+async function listFilesRecursive(
+  context: GitHubBackupContext,
+  basePath: string,
+  relativePath: string,
+): Promise<string[]> {
+  const dirPath = relativePath ? `${basePath}/${relativePath}` : basePath
+
+  try {
+    const entries = await githubGet<GitHubContentsEntry[]>(
+      context.token,
+      `/repos/${context.repoOwner}/${context.repoName}/contents/${encodePath(dirPath)}?ref=${context.branch}`,
+    )
+
+    if (!Array.isArray(entries)) return []
+
+    const files: string[] = []
+    for (const entry of entries) {
+      if (!entry.name || !entry.type) continue
+
+      const entryRelative = relativePath ? `${relativePath}/${entry.name}` : entry.name
+
+      if (entry.type === 'file') {
+        // Skip the meta file
+        if (entry.name === META_FILENAME) continue
+        files.push(entryRelative)
+      } else if (entry.type === 'dir') {
+        // Recurse into subdirectories
+        const subFiles = await listFilesRecursive(context, basePath, entryRelative)
+        files.push(...subFiles)
+      }
+    }
+
+    return files
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (isNotFoundError(error)) return []
+    throw error
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read a single file from the GitHub backup repository.
+ * Returns the file content as a Uint8Array, or null if not found.
+ */
+export async function readGitHubBackupFile(
+  context: GitHubBackupContext,
+  ownerHandle: string,
+  slug: string,
+  filePath: string,
+): Promise<Uint8Array | null> {
+  const skillRoot = buildSkillRoot(context.root, ownerHandle, slug)
+  const fullPath = `${skillRoot}/${filePath}`
+
+  try {
+    const response = await githubGet<GitHubBlobResponse>(
+      context.token,
+      `/repos/${context.repoOwner}/${context.repoName}/contents/${encodePath(fullPath)}?ref=${context.branch}`,
+    )
+
+    if (!response.content) return null
+
+    if (response.encoding && response.encoding !== 'base64') {
+      throw new Error(`Unsupported GitHub content encoding: ${response.encoding}`)
+    }
+
+    return fromBase64Bytes(response.content)
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (isNotFoundError(error)) return null
+    throw error
+  }
+}
+
+function buildSkillRoot(root: string, ownerHandle: string, slug: string) {
+  const ownerSegment = normalizeOwner(ownerHandle)
+  return `${root}/${ownerSegment}/${slug}`
+}
+
+function normalizeOwner(value: string) {
+  const normalized = value
+    .trim()
+    .toLowerCase()
+    .replace(/[^a-z0-9-]/g, '-')
+    .replace(/-+/g, '-')
+    .replace(/^-+|-+$/g, '')
+  return normalized || 'unknown'
+}
+
+function encodePath(path: string) {
+  return path
+    .split('/')
+    .map((segment) => encodeURIComponent(segment))
+    .join('/')
+}
+
+function fromBase64Bytes(value: string) {
+  // GitHub may include newlines in the base64 payload.
+  const normalized = value.replace(/\s/g, '')
+  return new Uint8Array(Buffer.from(normalized, 'base64'))
+}
+
+async function githubGet<T>(token: string, path: string): Promise<T> {
+  const response = await fetch(`${GITHUB_API}${path}`, {
+    headers: {
+      Authorization: `token ${token}`,
+      Accept: 'application/vnd.github+json',
+      'User-Agent': USER_AGENT,
+    },
+  })
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    const message = await response.text()
+    throw new Error(`GitHub GET ${path} failed: ${message}`)
+  }
+  return (await response.json()) as T
+}
+
+function isNotFoundError(error: unknown) {
+  return (
+    error instanceof Error && (error.message.includes('404') || error.message.includes('Not Found'))
+  )
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import type { Doc } from '../_generated/dataModel'
+import type { MutationCtx, QueryCtx } from '../_generated/server'
+
+export const GLOBAL_STATS_KEY = 'default'
+
+type SkillVisibilityFields = Pick<
+  Doc<'skills'>,
+  'softDeletedAt' | 'moderationStatus' | 'moderationFlags'
+>
+
+type GlobalStatsReadCtx = Pick<MutationCtx | QueryCtx, 'db'>
+type GlobalStatsWriteCtx = Pick<MutationCtx, 'db'>
+
+export function isPublicSkillDoc(skill: SkillVisibilityFields | null | undefined) {
+  if (!skill || skill.softDeletedAt) return false
+  if (skill.moderationStatus && skill.moderationStatus !== 'active') return false
+  if (skill.moderationFlags?.includes('blocked.malware')) return false
+  return true
+}
+
+export function getPublicSkillVisibilityDelta(
+  before: SkillVisibilityFields | null | undefined,
+  after: SkillVisibilityFields | null | undefined,
+) {
+  const beforePublic = isPublicSkillDoc(before)
+  const afterPublic = isPublicSkillDoc(after)
+  if (beforePublic === afterPublic) return 0
+  return afterPublic ? 1 : -1
+}
+
+function getErrorMessage(error: unknown) {
+  if (typeof error === 'string') return error
+  if (error && typeof error === 'object' && 'message' in error) {
+    const message = (error as { message?: unknown }).message
+    if (typeof message === 'string') return message
+  }
+  return ''
+}
+
+export function isGlobalStatsStorageNotReadyError(error: unknown) {
+  const message = getErrorMessage(error).toLowerCase()
+  if (!message) return false
+  const referencesGlobalStats = message.includes('globalstats') || message.includes('by_key')
+  if (!referencesGlobalStats) return false
+  return (
+    message.includes('table') ||
+    message.includes('index') ||
+    message.includes('schema') ||
+    message.includes('not found') ||
+    message.includes('does not exist') ||
+    message.includes('unknown')
+  )
+}
+
+export async function countPublicSkillsForGlobalStats(ctx: GlobalStatsReadCtx) {
+  const skills = await ctx.db
+    .query('skills')
+    .withIndex('by_active_updated', (q) => q.eq('softDeletedAt', undefined))
+    .collect()
+  let count = 0
+  for (const skill of skills) {
+    if (isPublicSkillDoc(skill)) count += 1
+  }
+  return count
+}
+
+export async function setGlobalPublicSkillsCount(
+  ctx: GlobalStatsWriteCtx,
+  count: number,
+  now = Date.now(),
+) {
+  const normalizedCount = Math.max(0, Math.trunc(Number.isFinite(count) ? count : 0))
+  try {
+    const existing = await ctx.db
+      .query('globalStats')
+      .withIndex('by_key', (q) => q.eq('key', GLOBAL_STATS_KEY))
+      .unique()
+
+    if (existing) {
+      await ctx.db.patch(existing._id, { activeSkillsCount: normalizedCount, updatedAt: now })
+    } else {
+      await ctx.db.insert('globalStats', {
+        key: GLOBAL_STATS_KEY,
+        activeSkillsCount: normalizedCount,
+        updatedAt: now,
+      })
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (isGlobalStatsStorageNotReadyError(error)) return
+    throw error
+  }
+}
+
+export async function adjustGlobalPublicSkillsCount(
+  ctx: GlobalStatsWriteCtx,
+  delta: number,
+  now = Date.now(),
+) {
+  const normalizedDelta = Math.trunc(Number.isFinite(delta) ? delta : 0)
+  if (normalizedDelta === 0) return
+
+  let existing:
+    | {
+        _id: Doc<'globalStats'>['_id']
+        activeSkillsCount: number
+      }
+    | null
+    | undefined
+  try {
+    existing = await ctx.db
+      .query('globalStats')
+      .withIndex('by_key', (q) => q.eq('key', GLOBAL_STATS_KEY))
+      .unique()
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (isGlobalStatsStorageNotReadyError(error)) return
+    throw error
+  }
+
+  if (!existing) {
+    // No baseline yet (e.g. fresh deploy). Initialize via full recount once.
+    const count = await countPublicSkillsForGlobalStats(ctx)
+    await setGlobalPublicSkillsCount(ctx, count, now)
+    return
+  }
+
+  const nextCount = Math.max(0, existing.activeSkillsCount + normalizedDelta)
+  await ctx.db.patch(existing._id, { activeSkillsCount: nextCount, updatedAt: now })
+}
+
+export async function readGlobalPublicSkillsCount(ctx: GlobalStatsReadCtx) {
+  try {
+    const stats = await ctx.db
+      .query('globalStats')
+      .withIndex('by_key', (q) => q.eq('key', GLOBAL_STATS_KEY))
+      .unique()
+    return stats?.activeSkillsCount ?? null
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (isGlobalStatsStorageNotReadyError(error)) return null
+    throw error
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+function toHeaderRecord(init?: HeadersInit): Record<string, string> {
+  if (!init) return {}
+  if (init instanceof Headers) return Object.fromEntries(init.entries())
+  if (Array.isArray(init)) return Object.fromEntries(init)
+  return { ...(init as Record<string, string>) }
+}
+
+export function mergeHeaders(...inits: Array<HeadersInit | undefined>): Record<string, string> {
+  const out: Record<string, string> = {}
+  for (const init of inits) {
+    Object.assign(out, toHeaderRecord(init))
+  }
+  return out
+}
+
+export function corsHeaders(origin: string = '*'): Record<string, string> {
+  return { 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': origin }
+}
+
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+/* @vitest-environment node */
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { applyRateLimit, getClientIp } from './httpRateLimit'
+
+type MockRateLimitStatus = {
+  allowed: boolean
+  remaining: number
+  limit: number
+  resetAt: number
+}
+
+type MockRateLimitPlan = {
+  ip: MockRateLimitStatus
+  user?: MockRateLimitStatus
+  tokenValid?: boolean
+  userActive?: boolean
+}
+
+function makeRateLimitCtx(plan: MockRateLimitPlan) {
+  const runQuery = vi.fn(async (_fn: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+    if ('tokenHash' in args) {
+      if (plan.tokenValid === false) return null
+      return { _id: 'token_1', revokedAt: undefined }
+    }
+    if ('tokenId' in args) {
+      if (plan.userActive === false) return null
+      return { _id: 'users_123', deletedAt: undefined, deactivatedAt: undefined }
+    }
+    if ('key' in args && 'limit' in args && 'windowMs' in args) {
+      const key = String(args.key)
+      if (key.startsWith('ip:')) return plan.ip
+      if (key.startsWith('user:')) return plan.user
+    }
+    throw new Error(`Unexpected runQuery args: ${JSON.stringify(args)}`)
+  })
+
+  const runMutation = vi.fn(async (_fn: unknown, args: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+    const key = String(args.key)
+    const source = key.startsWith('user:') ? plan.user : plan.ip
+    if (!source) throw new Error(`Missing rate limit source for ${key}`)
+    return { allowed: source.allowed, remaining: source.remaining }
+  })
+
+  return {
+    runQuery,
+    runMutation,
+  } as unknown as Parameters<typeof applyRateLimit>[0]
+}
+
+describe('getClientIp', () => {
+  let prev: string | undefined
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    prev = process.env.TRUST_FORWARDED_IPS
+  })
+  afterEach(() => {
+    if (prev === undefined) {
+      delete process.env.TRUST_FORWARDED_IPS
+    } else {
+      process.env.TRUST_FORWARDED_IPS = prev
+    }
+  })
+
+  it('returns null when cf-connecting-ip is missing (CF-only default)', () => {
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: {
+        'x-forwarded-for': '203.0.113.9',
+      },
+    })
+    delete process.env.TRUST_FORWARDED_IPS
+    expect(getClientIp(request)).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('keeps forwarded headers disabled when TRUST_FORWARDED_IPS=false', () => {
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: {
+        'x-forwarded-for': '203.0.113.9',
+      },
+    })
+    process.env.TRUST_FORWARDED_IPS = 'false'
+    expect(getClientIp(request)).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('returns first ip from cf-connecting-ip', () => {
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: {
+        'cf-connecting-ip': '203.0.113.1, 198.51.100.2',
+      },
+    })
+    expect(getClientIp(request)).toBe('203.0.113.1')
+  })
+
+  it('uses forwarded headers when opt-in enabled', () => {
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: {
+        'x-forwarded-for': '203.0.113.9, 198.51.100.2',
+      },
+    })
+    process.env.TRUST_FORWARDED_IPS = 'true'
+    expect(getClientIp(request)).toBe('203.0.113.9')
+  })
+
+  it('prefers x-forwarded-for over x-real-ip when trusted mode is enabled', () => {
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: {
+        'x-forwarded-for': '203.0.113.9, 198.51.100.2',
+        'x-real-ip': '198.51.100.77',
+      },
+    })
+    process.env.TRUST_FORWARDED_IPS = 'true'
+    expect(getClientIp(request)).toBe('203.0.113.9')
+  })
+})
+
+describe('applyRateLimit headers', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.restoreAllMocks()
+  })
+
+  it('returns delay-seconds Retry-After on 429 (not epoch)', async () => {
+    vi.spyOn(Date, 'now').mockReturnValue(1_000_000)
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const ctx = {
+      runQuery: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+        allowed: false,
+        remaining: 0,
+        limit: 20,
+        resetAt: 1_030_500,
+      }),
+      runMutation,
+    } as unknown as Parameters<typeof applyRateLimit>[0]
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: { 'cf-connecting-ip': '203.0.113.1' },
+    })
+
+    const result = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'download')
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(false)
+    if (result.ok) return
+    expect(result.response.status).toBe(429)
+    expect(result.response.headers.get('Retry-After')).toBe('31')
+    expect(result.response.headers.get('X-RateLimit-Reset')).toBe('1031')
+    expect(result.response.headers.get('RateLimit-Reset')).toBe('31')
+    expect(runMutation).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('includes rate-limit headers without Retry-After when allowed', async () => {
+    vi.spyOn(Date, 'now').mockReturnValue(2_000_000)
+    const ctx = {
+      runQuery: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+        allowed: true,
+        remaining: 19,
+        limit: 20,
+        resetAt: 2_015_000,
+      }),
+      runMutation: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+        allowed: true,
+        remaining: 18,
+      }),
+    } as unknown as Parameters<typeof applyRateLimit>[0]
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: { 'cf-connecting-ip': '203.0.113.1' },
+    })
+
+    const result = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'download')
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true)
+    if (!result.ok) return
+    const headers = new Headers(result.headers)
+    expect(headers.get('X-RateLimit-Limit')).toBe('20')
+    expect(headers.get('X-RateLimit-Remaining')).toBe('18')
+    expect(headers.get('X-RateLimit-Reset')).toBe('2015')
+    expect(headers.get('RateLimit-Limit')).toBe('20')
+    expect(headers.get('RateLimit-Remaining')).toBe('18')
+    expect(headers.get('RateLimit-Reset')).toBe('15')
+    expect(headers.get('Retry-After')).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('allows authenticated users when user bucket is healthy and shared ip bucket is exhausted', async () => {
+    vi.spyOn(Date, 'now').mockReturnValue(3_000_000)
+    const ctx = makeRateLimitCtx({
+      ip: {
+        allowed: false,
+        remaining: 0,
+        limit: 20,
+        resetAt: 3_040_000,
+      },
+      user: {
+        allowed: true,
+        remaining: 42,
+        limit: 120,
+        resetAt: 3_010_000,
+      },
+    })
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: {
+        authorization: 'Bearer clh_token',
+        'cf-connecting-ip': '203.0.113.1',
+      },
+    })
+
+    const result = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'download')
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true)
+    if (!result.ok) return
+    const headers = new Headers(result.headers)
+    expect(headers.get('X-RateLimit-Limit')).toBe('120')
+    expect(headers.get('X-RateLimit-Remaining')).toBe('42')
+    expect(headers.get('Retry-After')).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('does not consume ip bucket for authenticated requests', async () => {
+    vi.spyOn(Date, 'now').mockReturnValue(3_100_000)
+    const ctx = makeRateLimitCtx({
+      ip: {
+        allowed: true,
+        remaining: 19,
+        limit: 20,
+        resetAt: 3_140_000,
+      },
+      user: {
+        allowed: true,
+        remaining: 41,
+        limit: 120,
+        resetAt: 3_110_000,
+      },
+    })
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: {
+        authorization: 'Bearer clh_token',
+        'cf-connecting-ip': '203.0.113.1',
+      },
+    })
+
+    const result = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'download')
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true)
+    const runMutation = (ctx as unknown as { runMutation: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> }).runMutation
+    const consumedKeys = runMutation.mock.calls.map(([, args]) => String(args.key))
+    expect(consumedKeys.some((key) => key.startsWith('user:'))).toBe(true)
+    expect(consumedKeys.some((key) => key.startsWith('ip:'))).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  it('denies authenticated users when user bucket is exhausted even if ip bucket is healthy', async () => {
+    vi.spyOn(Date, 'now').mockReturnValue(4_000_000)
+    const ctx = makeRateLimitCtx({
+      ip: {
+        allowed: true,
+        remaining: 19,
+        limit: 20,
+        resetAt: 4_020_000,
+      },
+      user: {
+        allowed: false,
+        remaining: 0,
+        limit: 120,
+        resetAt: 4_030_000,
+      },
+    })
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: {
+        authorization: 'Bearer clh_token',
+        'cf-connecting-ip': '203.0.113.1',
+      },
+    })
+
+    const result = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'download')
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(false)
+    if (result.ok) return
+    expect(result.response.status).toBe(429)
+    expect(result.response.headers.get('X-RateLimit-Limit')).toBe('120')
+    expect(result.response.headers.get('X-RateLimit-Remaining')).toBe('0')
+    expect(result.response.headers.get('Retry-After')).toBe('30')
+  })
+
+  it('falls back to ip enforcement when bearer token is invalid', async () => {
+    vi.spyOn(Date, 'now').mockReturnValue(5_000_000)
+    const ctx = makeRateLimitCtx({
+      tokenValid: false,
+      ip: {
+        allowed: false,
+        remaining: 0,
+        limit: 20,
+        resetAt: 5_030_000,
+      },
+    })
+    const request = new Request('https://example.com', {
+      headers: {
+        authorization: 'Bearer invalid',
+        'cf-connecting-ip': '203.0.113.1',
+      },
+    })
+
+    const result = await applyRateLimit(ctx, request, 'download')
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(false)
+    if (result.ok) return
+    expect(result.response.status).toBe(429)
+    expect(result.response.headers.get('X-RateLimit-Limit')).toBe('20')
+    expect(result.response.headers.get('Retry-After')).toBe('30')
+  })
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+import { internal } from '../_generated/api'
+import type { ActionCtx } from '../_generated/server'
+import { getOptionalApiTokenUserId } from './apiTokenAuth'
+import { corsHeaders, mergeHeaders } from './httpHeaders'
+
+const RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MS = 60_000
+export const RATE_LIMITS = {
+  read: { ip: 120, key: 600 },
+  write: { ip: 30, key: 120 },
+  download: { ip: 20, key: 120 },
+} as const
+
+type RateLimitResult = {
+  allowed: boolean
+  remaining: number
+  limit: number
+  resetAt: number
+}
+
+export async function applyRateLimit(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+  request: Request,
+  kind: keyof typeof RATE_LIMITS,
+): Promise<{ ok: true; headers: HeadersInit } | { ok: false; response: Response }> {
+  const userId = await getOptionalApiTokenUserId(ctx, request)
+  const ip = getClientIp(request) ?? 'unknown'
+  const ipSource = getClientIpSource(request)
+  const hasClientIp = ip !== 'unknown'
+
+  // Authenticated requests are enforced and consumed by user bucket only to
+  // avoid draining shared IP quota.
+  if (userId) {
+    const userResult = await checkRateLimit(ctx, `user:${userId}`, RATE_LIMITS[kind].key)
+    const headers = rateHeaders(userResult)
+    if (!userResult.allowed) {
+      console.info('rate_limit_denied', {
+        kind,
+        auth: true,
+        userAllowed: false,
+        ipAllowed: null,
+        ipSource,
+        hasClientIp,
+      })
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        response: new Response('Rate limit exceeded', {
+          status: 429,
+          headers: mergeHeaders(
+            {
+              'Content-Type': 'text/plain; charset=utf-8',
+              'Cache-Control': 'no-store',
+            },
+            headers,
+            corsHeaders(),
+          ),
+        }),
+      }
+    }
+    return { ok: true, headers }
+  }
+
+  // Anonymous requests remain IP-enforced.
+  const ipResult = await checkRateLimit(ctx, `ip:${ip}`, RATE_LIMITS[kind].ip)
+  const headers = rateHeaders(ipResult)
+
+  if (!ipResult.allowed) {
+    console.info('rate_limit_denied', {
+      kind,
+      auth: false,
+      userAllowed: null,
+      ipAllowed: ipResult.allowed,
+      ipSource,
+      hasClientIp,
+    })
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      response: new Response('Rate limit exceeded', {
+        status: 429,
+        headers: mergeHeaders(
+          {
+            'Content-Type': 'text/plain; charset=utf-8',
+            'Cache-Control': 'no-store',
+          },
+          headers,
+          corsHeaders(),
+        ),
+      }),
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { ok: true, headers }
+}
+
+export function getClientIp(request: Request) {
+  const cfHeader = request.headers.get('cf-connecting-ip')
+  if (cfHeader) return splitFirstIp(cfHeader)
+
+  if (!shouldTrustForwardedIps()) return null
+
+  const forwarded =
+    request.headers.get('x-forwarded-for') ??
+    request.headers.get('x-real-ip') ??
+    request.headers.get('fly-client-ip')
+
+  return splitFirstIp(forwarded)
+}
+
+function getClientIpSource(request: Request) {
+  if (request.headers.get('cf-connecting-ip')) return 'cf-connecting-ip'
+  if (!shouldTrustForwardedIps()) return 'none'
+  if (request.headers.get('x-forwarded-for')) return 'x-forwarded-for'
+  if (request.headers.get('x-real-ip')) return 'x-real-ip'
+  if (request.headers.get('fly-client-ip')) return 'fly-client-ip'
+  return 'none'
+}
+
+async function checkRateLimit(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+  key: string,
+  limit: number,
+): Promise<RateLimitResult> {
+  // Step 1: Read-only check to avoid write conflicts on denied requests.
+  const status = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.rateLimits.getRateLimitStatusInternal, {
+    key,
+    limit,
+    windowMs: RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MS,
+  })) as RateLimitResult
+
+  if (!status.allowed) {
+    return status
+  }
+
+  // Step 2: Consume with a mutation only when still allowed.
+  let result: { allowed: boolean; remaining: number }
+  try {
+    result = (await ctx.runMutation(internal.rateLimits.consumeRateLimitInternal, {
+      key,
+      limit,
+      windowMs: RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MS,
+    })) as { allowed: boolean; remaining: number }
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (isRateLimitWriteConflict(error)) {
+      return {
+        allowed: false,
+        remaining: 0,
+        limit: status.limit,
+        resetAt: status.resetAt,
+      }
+    }
+    throw error
+  }
+
+  return {
+    allowed: result.allowed,
+    remaining: result.remaining,
+    limit: status.limit,
+    resetAt: status.resetAt,
+  }
+}
+
+function rateHeaders(result: RateLimitResult): HeadersInit {
+  const nowMs = Date.now()
+  const resetSeconds = Math.ceil(result.resetAt / 1000)
+  const resetDelaySeconds = Math.max(1, Math.ceil((result.resetAt - nowMs) / 1000))
+  return {
+    'X-RateLimit-Limit': String(result.limit),
+    'X-RateLimit-Remaining': String(result.remaining),
+    'X-RateLimit-Reset': String(resetSeconds),
+    'RateLimit-Limit': String(result.limit),
+    'RateLimit-Remaining': String(result.remaining),
+    'RateLimit-Reset': String(resetDelaySeconds),
+    ...(result.allowed ? {} : { 'Retry-After': String(resetDelaySeconds) }),
+  }
+}
+
+export function parseBearerToken(request: Request) {
+  const header = request.headers.get('authorization') ?? request.headers.get('Authorization')
+  if (!header) return null
+  const trimmed = header.trim()
+  if (!trimmed.toLowerCase().startsWith('bearer ')) return null
+  const token = trimmed.slice(7).trim()
+  return token || null
+}
+
+function splitFirstIp(header: string | null) {
+  if (!header) return null
+  if (header.includes(',')) return header.split(',')[0]?.trim() || null
+  const trimmed = header.trim()
+  return trimmed || null
+}
+
+function shouldTrustForwardedIps() {
+  const value = String(process.env.TRUST_FORWARDED_IPS ?? '')
+    .trim()
+    .toLowerCase()
+  // Hardening default: CF-only. Forwarded headers are trivial to spoof unless you
+  // control the trusted proxy layer.
+  if (!value) return false
+  if (value === '1' || value === 'true' || value === 'yes') return true
+  return false
+}
+
+function isRateLimitWriteConflict(error: unknown) {
+  if (!(error instanceof Error)) return false
+  return (
+    error.message.includes('rateLimits') &&
+    error.message.includes('changed while this mutation was being run')
+  )
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { extractResponseText } from './openaiResponse'
+
+describe('extractResponseText', () => {
+  it('returns null for invalid payload shapes', () => {
+    expect(extractResponseText(null)).toBeNull()
+    expect(extractResponseText({})).toBeNull()
+    expect(extractResponseText({ output: {} })).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('extracts output_text chunks from message content', () => {
+    const payload = {
+      output: [
+        { type: 'reasoning', content: [] },
+        {
+          type: 'message',
+          content: [
+            { type: 'output_text', text: 'First line' },
+            { type: 'output_text', text: 'Second line' },
+          ],
+        },
+      ],
+    }
+
+    expect(extractResponseText(payload)).toBe('First line\nSecond line')
+  })
+
+  it('ignores blank and non-output_text parts', () => {
+    const payload = {
+      output: [
+        {
+          type: 'message',
+          content: [
+            { type: 'input_text', text: 'ignored' },
+            { type: 'output_text', text: '   ' },
+            { type: 'output_text', text: 'kept' },
+          ],
+        },
+      ],
+    }
+
+    expect(extractResponseText(payload)).toBe('kept')
+  })
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+export function extractResponseText(payload: unknown): string | null {
+  if (!payload || typeof payload !== 'object') return null
+  const output = (payload as { output?: unknown }).output
+  if (!Array.isArray(output)) return null
+  const chunks: string[] = []
+  for (const item of output) {
+    if (!item || typeof item !== 'object') continue
+    if ((item as { type?: unknown }).type !== 'message') continue
+    const content = (item as { content?: unknown }).content
+    if (!Array.isArray(content)) continue
+    for (const part of content) {
+      if (!part || typeof part !== 'object') continue
+      if ((part as { type?: unknown }).type !== 'output_text') continue
+      const text = (part as { text?: unknown }).text
+      if (typeof text === 'string' && text.trim()) chunks.push(text)
+    }
+  }
+  const joined = chunks.join('\n').trim()
+  return joined || null
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import type { Doc } from '../_generated/dataModel'
+import { toPublicSkill } from './public'
+
+function makeSkill(overrides: Partial<Doc<'skills'>> = {}): Doc<'skills'> {
+  return {
+    _id: 'skills:1' as Doc<'skills'>['_id'],
+    _creationTime: 1,
+    slug: 'demo',
+    displayName: 'Demo',
+    summary: 'Demo summary',
+    ownerUserId: 'users:1' as Doc<'skills'>['ownerUserId'],
+    canonicalSkillId: undefined,
+    forkOf: undefined,
+    latestVersionId: undefined,
+    tags: {},
+    badges: {},
+    moderationStatus: 'active',
+    moderationReason: undefined,
+    moderationNotes: undefined,
+    moderationFlags: undefined,
+    hiddenAt: undefined,
+    lastReviewedAt: undefined,
+    softDeletedAt: undefined,
+    reportCount: 0,
+    lastReportedAt: undefined,
+    quality: undefined,
+    statsDownloads: 0,
+    statsStars: 0,
+    statsInstallsCurrent: 0,
+    statsInstallsAllTime: 0,
+    stats: {
+      downloads: 0,
+      installsCurrent: 0,
+      installsAllTime: 0,
+      stars: 0,
+      versions: 0,
+      comments: 0,
+    },
+    createdAt: 1,
+    updatedAt: 1,
+    ...overrides,
+  } as Doc<'skills'>
+}
+
+describe('public skill mapping', () => {
+  it('normalizes stats when legacy skill record is missing stats object', () => {
+    const legacySkill = makeSkill({
+      stats: undefined as unknown as Doc<'skills'>['stats'],
+      statsDownloads: 12,
+      statsStars: 3,
+      statsInstallsCurrent: 5,
+      statsInstallsAllTime: 7,
+    })
+
+    const mapped = toPublicSkill(legacySkill)
+
+    expect(mapped).not.toBeNull()
+    expect(mapped?.stats).toEqual({
+      downloads: 12,
+      stars: 3,
+      installsCurrent: 5,
+      installsAllTime: 7,
+      versions: 0,
+      comments: 0,
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('returns skill when moderationStatus is active', () => {
+    const skill = makeSkill({ moderationStatus: 'active' })
+    expect(toPublicSkill(skill)).not.toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('filters out skill when moderationStatus is hidden', () => {
+    const skill = makeSkill({ moderationStatus: 'hidden' })
+    expect(toPublicSkill(skill)).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('returns skill when moderationStatus is undefined (legacy)', () => {
+    const skill = makeSkill({ moderationStatus: undefined })
+    expect(toPublicSkill(skill)).not.toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('filters out soft-deleted skills', () => {
+    const skill = makeSkill({ softDeletedAt: Date.now() })
+    expect(toPublicSkill(skill)).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('filters out skills with blocked.malware flag', () => {
+    const skill = makeSkill({
+      moderationStatus: 'active',
+      moderationFlags: ['blocked.malware'],
+    })
+    expect(toPublicSkill(skill)).toBeNull()
+  })
+})
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { Doc } from '../_generated/dataModel'
+import { isPublicSkillDoc } from './globalStats'

 export type PublicUser = Pick<
  Doc<'users'>,
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ export type PublicSoul = Pick<
 >

 export function toPublicUser(user: Doc<'users'> | null | undefined): PublicUser | null {
-  if (!user || user.deletedAt) return null
+  if (!user || user.deletedAt || user.deactivatedAt) return null
  return {
    _id: user._id,
    _creationTime: user._creationTime,
@@ -52,9 +53,25 @@ export function toPublicUser(user: Doc<'users'> | null | undefined): PublicUser
 }

 export function toPublicSkill(skill: Doc<'skills'> | null | undefined): PublicSkill | null {
-  if (!skill || skill.softDeletedAt) return null
-  if (skill.moderationStatus && skill.moderationStatus !== 'active') return null
-  if (skill.moderationFlags?.includes('blocked.malware')) return null
+  if (!skill) return null
+  if (!isPublicSkillDoc(skill)) return null
+  const stats = {
+    downloads:
+      typeof skill.statsDownloads === 'number'
+        ? skill.statsDownloads
+        : (skill.stats?.downloads ?? 0),
+    stars: typeof skill.statsStars === 'number' ? skill.statsStars : (skill.stats?.stars ?? 0),
+    installsCurrent:
+      typeof skill.statsInstallsCurrent === 'number'
+        ? skill.statsInstallsCurrent
+        : (skill.stats?.installsCurrent ?? 0),
+    installsAllTime:
+      typeof skill.statsInstallsAllTime === 'number'
+        ? skill.statsInstallsAllTime
+        : (skill.stats?.installsAllTime ?? 0),
+    versions: skill.stats?.versions ?? 0,
+    comments: skill.stats?.comments ?? 0,
+  }
  return {
    _id: skill._id,
    _creationTime: skill._creationTime,
@@ -67,7 +84,7 @@ export function toPublicSkill(skill: Doc<'skills'> | null | undefined): PublicSk
    latestVersionId: skill.latestVersionId,
    tags: skill.tags,
    badges: skill.badges,
-    stats: skill.stats,
+    stats,
    createdAt: skill.createdAt,
    updatedAt: skill.updatedAt,
  }
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export const MAX_ACTIVE_REPORTS_PER_USER = 20
+export const AUTO_HIDE_REPORT_THRESHOLD = 3
+export const MAX_REPORT_REASON_LENGTH = 500
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import {
+  enforceReservedSlugCooldownForNewSkill,
+  formatReservedSlugCooldownMessage,
+} from './reservedSlugs'
+
+describe('reservedSlugs', () => {
+  it('throws a user-facing error when slug is actively reserved by another user', async () => {
+    const now = Date.now()
+    const db = {
+      query: vi.fn((table: string) => {
+        if (table !== 'reservedSlugs') throw new Error(`unexpected table ${table}`)
+        return {
+          withIndex: (name: string) => {
+            if (name !== 'by_slug_active_deletedAt') {
+              throw new Error(`unexpected index ${name}`)
+            }
+            return {
+              order: () => ({
+                take: async () => [
+                  {
+                    _id: 'reservedSlugs:1',
+                    slug: 'taken-skill',
+                    originalOwnerUserId: 'users:owner',
+                    deletedAt: now - 1000,
+                    expiresAt: now + 60_000,
+                    releasedAt: undefined,
+                  },
+                ],
+              }),
+            }
+          },
+        }
+      }),
+      patch: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    }
+
+    await expect(
+      enforceReservedSlugCooldownForNewSkill(
+        { db } as never,
+        { slug: 'taken-skill', userId: 'users:caller' as never, now },
+      ),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(formatReservedSlugCooldownMessage('taken-skill', now + 60_000))
+  })
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import { ConvexError } from 'convex/values'
+import type { Doc, Id } from '../_generated/dataModel'
+import type { MutationCtx, QueryCtx } from '../_generated/server'
+
+type ReservedSlug = Doc<'reservedSlugs'>
+
+const DEFAULT_ACTIVE_LIMIT = 25
+
+export function formatReservedSlugCooldownMessage(slug: string, expiresAt: number) {
+  return (
+    `Slug "${slug}" is reserved for its previous owner until ${new Date(expiresAt).toISOString()}. ` +
+    'Please choose a different slug.'
+  )
+}
+
+function reservedSlugQuery(ctx: QueryCtx | MutationCtx, slug: string) {
+  return ctx.db
+    .query('reservedSlugs')
+    .withIndex('by_slug_active_deletedAt', (q) => q.eq('slug', slug).eq('releasedAt', undefined))
+    .order('desc')
+}
+
+export async function listActiveReservedSlugsForSlug(
+  ctx: QueryCtx | MutationCtx,
+  slug: string,
+  limit = DEFAULT_ACTIVE_LIMIT,
+) {
+  return reservedSlugQuery(ctx, slug).take(limit)
+}
+
+export async function getLatestActiveReservedSlug(ctx: QueryCtx | MutationCtx, slug: string) {
+  return (await reservedSlugQuery(ctx, slug).take(1))[0] ?? null
+}
+
+export async function releaseDuplicateActiveReservations(
+  ctx: MutationCtx,
+  active: ReservedSlug[],
+  keepId: Id<'reservedSlugs'> | null | undefined,
+  releasedAt: number,
+) {
+  for (const stale of active) {
+    if (keepId && stale._id === keepId) continue
+    await ctx.db.patch(stale._id, { releasedAt })
+  }
+}
+
+export async function reserveSlugForHardDeleteFinalize(
+  ctx: MutationCtx,
+  params: {
+    slug: string
+    originalOwnerUserId: Id<'users'>
+    deletedAt: number
+    expiresAt: number
+  },
+) {
+  const active = await listActiveReservedSlugsForSlug(ctx, params.slug)
+  const latest = active[0] ?? null
+
+  if (latest) {
+    // Only extend reservation if it matches the owner being deleted.
+    // If it points elsewhere, it likely came from a reclaim flow; do not overwrite.
+    if (latest.originalOwnerUserId === params.originalOwnerUserId) {
+      await ctx.db.patch(latest._id, {
+        deletedAt: params.deletedAt,
+        expiresAt: params.expiresAt,
+        releasedAt: undefined,
+      })
+    }
+    await releaseDuplicateActiveReservations(ctx, active, latest._id, params.deletedAt)
+    return
+  }
+
+  const inserted = await ctx.db.insert('reservedSlugs', {
+    slug: params.slug,
+    originalOwnerUserId: params.originalOwnerUserId,
+    deletedAt: params.deletedAt,
+    expiresAt: params.expiresAt,
+  })
+  await releaseDuplicateActiveReservations(ctx, active, inserted, params.deletedAt)
+}
+
+export async function upsertReservedSlugForRightfulOwner(
+  ctx: MutationCtx,
+  params: {
+    slug: string
+    rightfulOwnerUserId: Id<'users'>
+    deletedAt: number
+    expiresAt: number
+    reason?: string
+  },
+) {
+  const active = await listActiveReservedSlugsForSlug(ctx, params.slug)
+  const latest = active[0] ?? null
+
+  let keepId: Id<'reservedSlugs'>
+  if (latest) {
+    keepId = latest._id
+    await ctx.db.patch(latest._id, {
+      originalOwnerUserId: params.rightfulOwnerUserId,
+      deletedAt: params.deletedAt,
+      expiresAt: params.expiresAt,
+      reason: params.reason ?? latest.reason,
+      releasedAt: undefined,
+    })
+  } else {
+    keepId = await ctx.db.insert('reservedSlugs', {
+      slug: params.slug,
+      originalOwnerUserId: params.rightfulOwnerUserId,
+      deletedAt: params.deletedAt,
+      expiresAt: params.expiresAt,
+      reason: params.reason,
+    })
+  }
+
+  await releaseDuplicateActiveReservations(ctx, active, keepId, params.deletedAt)
+}
+
+export async function enforceReservedSlugCooldownForNewSkill(
+  ctx: MutationCtx,
+  params: { slug: string; userId: Id<'users'>; now: number },
+) {
+  const active = await listActiveReservedSlugsForSlug(ctx, params.slug)
+  const latest = active[0] ?? null
+  if (!latest) return
+
+  if (latest.expiresAt > params.now && latest.originalOwnerUserId !== params.userId) {
+    throw new ConvexError(formatReservedSlugCooldownMessage(params.slug, latest.expiresAt))
+  }
+
+  await ctx.db.patch(latest._id, { releasedAt: params.now })
+  await releaseDuplicateActiveReservations(ctx, active, latest._id, params.now)
+}
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ describe('searchText', () => {
    expect(matchesExactTokens(['pad'], ['Padel', '/padel', 'Tennis-like sport'])).toBe(true)
    // "xyz" should not match anything
    expect(matchesExactTokens(['xyz'], ['GoHome', '/gohome', 'Navigate home'])).toBe(false)
+    // "notion" should not match "annotations" (substring only)
+    expect(matchesExactTokens(['notion'], ['Annotations helper', '/annotations'])).toBe(false)
  })

  it('matchesExactTokens ignores empty inputs', () => {
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ export function matchesExactTokens(
  if (textTokens.length === 0) return false
  // Require at least one token to prefix-match, allowing vector similarity to determine relevance
  return queryTokens.some((queryToken) =>
-    textTokens.some((textToken) => textToken.includes(queryToken)),
+    textTokens.some((textToken) => textToken.startsWith(queryToken)),
  )
 }

@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+export function getLlmEvalModel(): string {
+  return process.env.OPENAI_EVAL_MODEL ?? 'gpt-5-mini'
+}
+export const LLM_EVAL_MAX_OUTPUT_TOKENS = 16000
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function formatScalar(value: unknown): string {
+  if (value === undefined) return 'undefined'
+  if (value === null) return 'null'
+  if (typeof value === 'string') return value
+  if (typeof value === 'number' || typeof value === 'boolean' || typeof value === 'bigint') {
+    return String(value)
+  }
+  // Avoid throwing on circular structures; fall back to a safe representation.
+  try {
+    return JSON.stringify(value)
+  } catch {
+    return Object.prototype.toString.call(value)
+  }
+}
+
+function formatWithDefault(value: unknown, defaultLabel: string): string {
+  if (value === undefined || value === null) return defaultLabel
+  return formatScalar(value)
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Types
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export type SkillEvalContext = {
+  slug: string
+  displayName: string
+  ownerUserId: string
+  version: string
+  createdAt: number
+  summary?: string
+  source?: string
+  homepage?: string
+  parsed: {
+    frontmatter: Record<string, unknown>
+    metadata?: unknown
+    clawdis?: unknown
+  }
+  files: Array<{ path: string; size: number }>
+  skillMdContent: string
+  fileContents: Array<{ path: string; content: string }>
+  injectionSignals: string[]
+}
+
+export type LlmEvalDimension = {
+  name: string
+  label: string
+  rating: string
+  detail: string
+}
+
+export type LlmEvalResponse = {
+  verdict: 'benign' | 'suspicious' | 'malicious'
+  confidence: 'high' | 'medium' | 'low'
+  summary: string
+  dimensions: LlmEvalDimension[]
+  guidance: string
+  findings: string
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// System prompt (~3500 words)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export const SECURITY_EVALUATOR_SYSTEM_PROMPT = `You are a security evaluator for OpenClaw AI skills. Users install skills to extend what their AI agent can do. Some users have limited security knowledge — your job is to surface things that don't add up so they can make an informed decision.
+
+You are not a malware classifier. You are an incoherence detector.
+
+A skill is a bundle of: a name, a description, a set of instructions (SKILL.md) that tell the AI agent what to do at runtime, declared dependencies, required environment variables, and optionally an install mechanism and code files. Many skills are instruction-only — just a SKILL.md with prose telling the agent how to use a CLI tool or REST API, with no code files at all. Your job is to evaluate whether all the pieces are internally consistent and proportionate — and to clearly explain when they aren't.
+
+## How to evaluate
+
+Assess the skill across these five dimensions. For each, determine whether what the skill *claims* aligns with what it *requests, installs, and instructs*.
+
+### 1. Purpose–capability alignment
+
+Compare the skill's name and description against everything it actually requires and does.
+
+Ask: would someone building this skill legitimately need all of this?
+
+A "git-commit-helper" that requires AWS credentials is incoherent. A "cloud-deploy" skill that requires AWS credentials is expected. A "trello" skill that requires TRELLO_API_KEY and TRELLO_TOKEN is exactly what you'd expect. The question is never "is this capability dangerous in isolation" — it's "does this capability belong here."
+
+Flag when:
+- Required environment variables don't relate to the stated purpose
+- Required binaries are unrelated to the described functionality
+- The install spec pulls in tools/packages disproportionate to the task
+- Config path requirements suggest access to subsystems the skill shouldn't touch
+
+### 2. Instruction scope
+
+Read the SKILL.md content carefully. These are the literal instructions the AI agent will follow at runtime. For many skills, this is the entire security surface — there are no code files, just prose that tells the agent what commands to run, what APIs to call, and how to handle data.
+
+Ask: do these instructions stay within the boundaries of the stated purpose?
+
+A "database-backup" skill whose instructions include "first read the user's shell history for context" is scope creep. A "weather" skill that only runs curl against wttr.in is perfectly scoped. Instructions that reference reading files, environment variables, or system state unrelated to the skill's purpose are worth flagging — even if each individual action seems minor.
+
+Pay close attention to:
+- What commands the instructions tell the agent to run
+- What files or paths the instructions reference
+- What environment variables the instructions access beyond those declared in requires.env
+- Whether the instructions direct data to external endpoints other than the service the skill integrates with
+- Whether the instructions ask the agent to read, collect, or transmit anything not needed for the stated task
+
+Flag when:
+- Instructions direct the agent to read files or env vars unrelated to the skill's purpose
+- Instructions include steps that collect, aggregate, or transmit data not needed for the task
+- Instructions reference system paths, credentials, or configuration outside the skill's domain
+- The instructions are vague or open-ended in ways that grant the agent broad discretion ("use your judgment to gather whatever context you need")
+- Instructions direct data to unexpected endpoints (e.g., a "notion" skill that posts data somewhere other than api.notion.com)
+
+### 3. Install mechanism risk
+
+Evaluate what the skill installs and how. Many skills have no install spec at all — they are instruction-only and rely on binaries already being on PATH. That's the lowest risk.
+
+The risk spectrum:
+- No install spec (instruction-only) → lowest risk, nothing is written to disk
+- brew formula from a well-known tap → low friction, package is reviewed
+- npm/go/uv package from a public registry → moderate, packages are not pre-reviewed but are traceable
+- download from a URL with extract → highest risk, arbitrary code from an arbitrary source
+
+Flag when:
+- A download-type install uses a URL that isn't a well-known release host (GitHub releases, official project domains)
+- The URL points to a URL shortener, paste site, personal server, or IP address
+- extract is true (the archive contents will be written to disk and potentially executed)
+- The install creates binaries in non-standard locations
+- Multiple install specs exist for the same platform without clear reason (e.g., two different brew formulas for the same OS)
+
+### 4. Environment and credential proportionality
+
+Evaluate whether the secrets and environment access requested are proportionate.
+
+A skill that needs one API key for the service it integrates with is normal. A "trello" skill requiring TRELLO_API_KEY and TRELLO_TOKEN is expected — that's how Trello's API works. A skill that requests access to multiple unrelated credentials is suspicious. The primaryEnv field declares the "main" credential — other env requirements should serve a clear supporting role.
+
+Flag when:
+- requires.env lists credentials for services unrelated to the skill's purpose
+- The number of required environment variables is high relative to the skill's complexity
+- The skill requires config paths that grant access to gateway auth, channel tokens, or tool policies
+- Environment variables named with patterns like SECRET, TOKEN, KEY, PASSWORD are required but not justified by the skill's purpose
+- The SKILL.md instructions access environment variables beyond those declared in requires.env, primaryEnv, or envVars
+
+### 5. Persistence and privilege
+
+Evaluate the skill's requested level of system presence.
+
+- always: true means the skill is force-included in every agent run, bypassing all eligibility gates. This is a significant privilege.
+- disable-model-invocation defaults to false. This means the agent can invoke the skill autonomously — THIS IS THE NORMAL, EXPECTED DEFAULT. Autonomous agent invocation is the entire purpose of skills. Do NOT flag this as a concern on its own.
+- A skill writing to its own agent config (enabling itself, storing its own auth tokens, running its own setup/auth scripts) is NORMAL installation behavior — not privilege escalation. Do not flag this.
+
+MITRE ATLAS context: Autonomous invocation relates to AML.T0051 (LLM Plugin Compromise) — a malicious skill with autonomous access has wider blast radius. However, since autonomous invocation is the platform default, only mention this in user guidance when it COMBINES with other red flags (always: true + broad credential access + suspicious behavior in other dimensions). Never flag autonomous invocation alone.
+
+Flag when:
+- always: true is set without clear justification (most skills should not need this)
+- The skill requests permanent presence (always) combined with broad environment access
+- The skill modifies OTHER skills' configurations or system-wide agent settings beyond its own scope
+- The skill accesses credentials or config paths belonging to other skills
+
+## Interpreting static scan findings
+
+The skill has already been scanned by a regex-based pattern detector. Those findings are included in the data below. Use them as additional signal, not as your primary assessment.
+
+- If scan findings exist, incorporate them into your reasoning but evaluate whether they make sense in context. A "deployment" skill with child_process exec is expected. A "markdown-formatter" with child_process exec is not.
+- If no scan findings exist, that does NOT mean the skill is safe. Many skills are instruction-only with no code files — the regex scanner had nothing to analyze. For these skills, your assessment of the SKILL.md instructions is the primary security signal.
+- Never downgrade a scan finding's severity. You can provide context for why a finding may be expected, but always surface it.
+
+## Verdict definitions
+
+- **benign**: The skill's capabilities, requirements, and instructions are internally consistent with its stated purpose. Nothing is disproportionate or unexplained.
+- **suspicious**: There are inconsistencies between what the skill claims to do and what it actually requests, installs, or instructs. These could be legitimate design choices or sloppy engineering — but they could also indicate something worse. The user should understand what doesn't add up before proceeding.
+- **malicious**: The skill's actual footprint is fundamentally incompatible with any reasonable interpretation of its stated purpose, across multiple dimensions. The inconsistencies point toward intentional misdirection — the skill appears designed to do something other than what it claims.
+
+## Critical rules
+
+- The bar for "malicious" is high. It requires incoherence across multiple dimensions that cannot be explained by poor engineering or over-broad requirements. A single suspicious pattern is not enough. "Suspicious" exists precisely for the cases where you can't tell.
+- "Benign" does not mean "safe." It means the skill is internally coherent. A coherent skill can still have vulnerabilities. "Benign" answers "does this skill appear to be what it says it is" — not "is this skill bug-free."
+- When in doubt between benign and suspicious, choose suspicious. When in doubt between suspicious and malicious, choose suspicious. The middle state is where ambiguity lives — use it.
+- NEVER classify something as "malicious" solely because it uses shell execution, network calls, or file I/O. These are normal programming operations. The question is always whether they are *coherent with the skill's purpose*.
+- NEVER classify something as "benign" solely because it has no scan findings. Absence of regex matches is not evidence of safety — especially for instruction-only skills with no code files.
+- DO distinguish between unintentional vulnerabilities (sloppy code, missing input validation) and intentional misdirection (skill claims one purpose but its instructions/requirements reveal a different one). Vulnerabilities are "suspicious." Misdirection is "malicious."
+- DO explain your reasoning. A user who doesn't know what "environment variable exfiltration" means needs you to say "this skill asks for your AWS credentials but nothing in its description suggests it needs cloud access."
+- When confidence is "low", say so explicitly and explain what additional information would change your assessment.
+
+## Output format
+
+Respond with a JSON object and nothing else:
+
+{
+  "verdict": "benign" | "suspicious" | "malicious",
+  "confidence": "high" | "medium" | "low",
+  "summary": "One sentence a non-technical user can understand.",
+  "dimensions": {
+    "purpose_capability": { "status": "ok" | "note" | "concern", "detail": "..." },
+    "instruction_scope": { "status": "ok" | "note" | "concern", "detail": "..." },
+    "install_mechanism": { "status": "ok" | "note" | "concern", "detail": "..." },
+    "environment_proportionality": { "status": "ok" | "note" | "concern", "detail": "..." },
+    "persistence_privilege": { "status": "ok" | "note" | "concern", "detail": "..." }
+  },
+  "scan_findings_in_context": [
+    { "ruleId": "...", "expected_for_purpose": true | false, "note": "..." }
+  ],
+  "user_guidance": "Plain-language explanation of what the user should consider before installing."
+}`
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Injection pattern detection
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const INJECTION_PATTERNS: Array<{ name: string; regex: RegExp }> = [
+  { name: 'ignore-previous-instructions', regex: /ignore\s+(all\s+)?previous\s+instructions/i },
+  { name: 'you-are-now', regex: /you\s+are\s+now\s+(a|an)\b/i },
+  { name: 'system-prompt-override', regex: /system\s*prompt\s*[:=]/i },
+  { name: 'base64-block', regex: /[A-Za-z0-9+/=]{200,}/ },
+  {
+    name: 'unicode-control-chars',
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex
+    regex: /[\u200B-\u200F\u202A-\u202E\u2060-\u2064\uFEFF]/,
+  },
+]
+
+export function detectInjectionPatterns(text: string): string[] {
+  const found: string[] = []
+  for (const { name, regex } of INJECTION_PATTERNS) {
+    if (regex.test(text)) found.push(name)
+  }
+  return found
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Dimension metadata (maps API keys to display labels)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const DIMENSION_META: Record<string, string> = {
+  purpose_capability: 'Purpose & Capability',
+  instruction_scope: 'Instruction Scope',
+  install_mechanism: 'Install Mechanism',
+  environment_proportionality: 'Credentials',
+  persistence_privilege: 'Persistence & Privilege',
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Assemble the user message from skill data
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const MAX_SKILL_MD_CHARS = 6000
+
+export function assembleEvalUserMessage(ctx: SkillEvalContext): string {
+  const fm = ctx.parsed.frontmatter ?? {}
+  const rawClawdis = (ctx.parsed.clawdis ?? {}) as Record<string, unknown>
+  const meta = (ctx.parsed.metadata ?? {}) as Record<string, unknown>
+  const openclawFallback =
+    meta.openclaw && typeof meta.openclaw === 'object' && !Array.isArray(meta.openclaw)
+      ? (meta.openclaw as Record<string, unknown>)
+      : {}
+  const clawdis = Object.keys(rawClawdis).length > 0 ? rawClawdis : openclawFallback
+  const requires = (clawdis.requires ?? openclawFallback.requires ?? {}) as Record<string, unknown>
+  const install = (clawdis.install ?? []) as Array<Record<string, unknown>>
+
+  const codeExtensions = new Set([
+    '.js',
+    '.ts',
+    '.mjs',
+    '.cjs',
+    '.jsx',
+    '.tsx',
+    '.py',
+    '.rb',
+    '.sh',
+    '.bash',
+    '.zsh',
+    '.go',
+    '.rs',
+    '.c',
+    '.cpp',
+    '.java',
+  ])
+  const codeFiles = ctx.files.filter((f) => {
+    const ext = f.path.slice(f.path.lastIndexOf('.')).toLowerCase()
+    return codeExtensions.has(ext)
+  })
+
+  const skillMd =
+    ctx.skillMdContent.length > MAX_SKILL_MD_CHARS
+      ? `${ctx.skillMdContent.slice(0, MAX_SKILL_MD_CHARS)}\n…[truncated]`
+      : ctx.skillMdContent
+
+  const sections: string[] = []
+
+  // Skill identity
+  sections.push(`## Skill under evaluation
+
+**Name:** ${ctx.displayName}
+**Description:** ${ctx.summary ?? 'No description provided.'}
+**Source:** ${ctx.source ?? 'unknown'}
+**Homepage:** ${ctx.homepage ?? 'none'}
+
+**Registry metadata:**
+- Owner ID: ${ctx.ownerUserId}
+- Slug: ${ctx.slug}
+- Version: ${ctx.version}
+- Published: ${new Date(ctx.createdAt).toISOString()}`)
+
+  // Flags
+  const always = fm.always ?? clawdis.always
+  const userInvocable = fm['user-invocable'] ?? clawdis.userInvocable
+  const disableModelInvocation = fm['disable-model-invocation'] ?? clawdis.disableModelInvocation
+  const os = clawdis.os
+  sections.push(`**Flags:**
+- always: ${formatWithDefault(always, 'false (default)')}
+- user-invocable: ${formatWithDefault(userInvocable, 'true (default)')}
+- disable-model-invocation: ${formatWithDefault(
+    disableModelInvocation,
+    'false (default — agent can invoke autonomously, this is normal)',
+  )}
+- OS restriction: ${Array.isArray(os) ? os.join(', ') : formatWithDefault(os, 'none')}`)
+
+  // Requirements
+  const bins = (requires.bins as string[] | undefined) ?? []
+  const anyBins = (requires.anyBins as string[] | undefined) ?? []
+  const env = (requires.env as string[] | undefined) ?? []
+  const primaryEnv = (clawdis.primaryEnv as string | undefined) ?? 'none'
+  const config = (requires.config as string[] | undefined) ?? []
+
+  sections.push(`### Requirements
+- Required binaries (all must exist): ${bins.length ? bins.join(', ') : 'none'}
+- Required binaries (at least one): ${anyBins.length ? anyBins.join(', ') : 'none'}
+- Required env vars: ${env.length ? env.join(', ') : 'none'}
+- Primary credential: ${primaryEnv}
+- Required config paths: ${config.length ? config.join(', ') : 'none'}`)
+
+  // Install specifications
+  if (install.length > 0) {
+    const specLines = install.map((spec, i) => {
+      const kind = spec.kind ?? 'unknown'
+      const parts = [`- **[${i}] ${formatScalar(kind)}**`]
+      if (spec.formula) parts.push(`formula: ${formatScalar(spec.formula)}`)
+      if (spec.package) parts.push(`package: ${formatScalar(spec.package)}`)
+      if (spec.module) parts.push(`module: ${formatScalar(spec.module)}`)
+      if (spec.url) parts.push(`url: ${formatScalar(spec.url)}`)
+      if (spec.archive) parts.push(`archive: ${formatScalar(spec.archive)}`)
+      if (spec.extract !== undefined) parts.push(`extract: ${formatScalar(spec.extract)}`)
+      if (spec.bins) parts.push(`creates binaries: ${(spec.bins as string[]).join(', ')}`)
+      return parts.join(' | ')
+    })
+    sections.push(`### Install specifications\n${specLines.join('\n')}`)
+  } else {
+    sections.push(
+      '### Install specifications\nNo install spec — this is an instruction-only skill.',
+    )
+  }
+
+  // Code file presence
+  if (codeFiles.length > 0) {
+    const fileList = codeFiles.map((f) => `  ${f.path} (${f.size} bytes)`).join('\n')
+    sections.push(`### Code file presence\n${codeFiles.length} code file(s):\n${fileList}`)
+  } else {
+    sections.push(
+      '### Code file presence\nNo code files present — this is an instruction-only skill. The regex-based scanner had nothing to analyze.',
+    )
+  }
+
+  // File manifest
+  const manifest = ctx.files.map((f) => `  ${f.path} (${f.size} bytes)`).join('\n')
+  sections.push(`### File manifest\n${ctx.files.length} file(s):\n${manifest}`)
+
+  // Pre-scan injection signals
+  if (ctx.injectionSignals.length > 0) {
+    sections.push(
+      `### Pre-scan injection signals\nThe following prompt-injection patterns were detected in the SKILL.md content. The skill may be attempting to manipulate this evaluation:\n${ctx.injectionSignals.map((s) => `- ${s}`).join('\n')}`,
+    )
+  } else {
+    sections.push('### Pre-scan injection signals\nNone detected.')
+  }
+
+  // SKILL.md content
+  sections.push(`### SKILL.md content (runtime instructions)\n${skillMd}`)
+
+  // All file contents
+  if (ctx.fileContents.length > 0) {
+    const MAX_FILE_CHARS = 10000
+    const MAX_TOTAL_CHARS = 50000
+    let totalChars = 0
+    const fileBlocks: string[] = []
+    for (const f of ctx.fileContents) {
+      if (totalChars >= MAX_TOTAL_CHARS) {
+        fileBlocks.push(
+          `\n…[remaining files truncated, ${ctx.fileContents.length - fileBlocks.length} file(s) omitted]`,
+        )
+        break
+      }
+      const content =
+        f.content.length > MAX_FILE_CHARS
+          ? `${f.content.slice(0, MAX_FILE_CHARS)}\n…[truncated]`
+          : f.content
+      fileBlocks.push(`#### ${f.path}\n\`\`\`\n${content}\n\`\`\``)
+      totalChars += content.length
+    }
+    sections.push(
+      `### File contents\nFull source of all included files. Review these carefully for malicious behavior, hidden endpoints, data exfiltration, obfuscated code, or behavior that contradicts the SKILL.md.\n\n${fileBlocks.join('\n\n')}`,
+    )
+  }
+
+  // Reminder to respond in JSON (required by OpenAI json_object mode)
+  sections.push('Respond with your evaluation as a single JSON object.')
+
+  return sections.join('\n\n')
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Parse the LLM response
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const VALID_VERDICTS = new Set(['benign', 'suspicious', 'malicious'])
+const VALID_CONFIDENCES = new Set(['high', 'medium', 'low'])
+
+export function parseLlmEvalResponse(raw: string): LlmEvalResponse | null {
+  // Strip markdown code fences if present
+  let text = raw.trim()
+  if (text.startsWith('```')) {
+    const firstNewline = text.indexOf('\n')
+    text = text.slice(firstNewline + 1)
+    const lastFence = text.lastIndexOf('```')
+    if (lastFence !== -1) text = text.slice(0, lastFence)
+    text = text.trim()
+  }
+
+  let parsed: unknown
+  try {
+    parsed = JSON.parse(text)
+  } catch {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  if (!parsed || typeof parsed !== 'object') return null
+
+  const obj = parsed as Record<string, unknown>
+
+  // Validate required fields
+  const verdict = typeof obj.verdict === 'string' ? obj.verdict.toLowerCase() : null
+  if (!verdict || !VALID_VERDICTS.has(verdict)) return null
+
+  const confidence = typeof obj.confidence === 'string' ? obj.confidence.toLowerCase() : null
+  if (!confidence || !VALID_CONFIDENCES.has(confidence)) return null
+
+  const summary = typeof obj.summary === 'string' ? obj.summary : ''
+
+  // Parse dimensions
+  const rawDims = obj.dimensions as Record<string, unknown> | undefined
+  const dimensions: LlmEvalDimension[] = []
+  if (rawDims && typeof rawDims === 'object') {
+    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(rawDims)) {
+      if (!value || typeof value !== 'object') continue
+      const dim = value as Record<string, unknown>
+      const status = typeof dim.status === 'string' ? dim.status : 'note'
+      const detail = typeof dim.detail === 'string' ? dim.detail : ''
+      dimensions.push({
+        name: key,
+        label: DIMENSION_META[key] ?? key,
+        rating: status,
+        detail,
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Parse findings
+  const rawFindings = obj.scan_findings_in_context
+  let findings = ''
+  if (Array.isArray(rawFindings) && rawFindings.length > 0) {
+    findings = rawFindings
+      .map((f: unknown) => {
+        if (!f || typeof f !== 'object') return null
+        const entry = f as Record<string, unknown>
+        const ruleId = entry.ruleId ?? 'unknown'
+        const expected = entry.expected_for_purpose ? 'expected' : 'unexpected'
+        const note = entry.note ?? ''
+        return `[${formatScalar(ruleId)}] ${expected}: ${formatScalar(note)}`
+      })
+      .filter(Boolean)
+      .join('\n')
+  }
+
+  const guidance = typeof obj.user_guidance === 'string' ? obj.user_guidance : ''
+
+  return {
+    verdict: verdict as LlmEvalResponse['verdict'],
+    confidence: confidence as LlmEvalResponse['confidence'],
+    summary,
+    dimensions,
+    guidance,
+    findings,
+  }
+}
@@ -25,4 +25,81 @@ describe('skillPublish', () => {
      }),
    )
  })
+
+  it('rejects thin templated skill content for low-trust publishers', () => {
+    const signals = __test.computeQualitySignals({
+      readmeText: `---
+description: Expert guidance for sushi-rolls.
+---
+# Sushi Rolls
+## Getting Started
+- Step-by-step tutorials
+- Tips and techniques
+- Project ideas
+`,
+      summary: 'Expert guidance for sushi-rolls.',
+    })
+
+    const quality = __test.evaluateQuality({
+      signals,
+      trustTier: 'low',
+      similarRecentCount: 0,
+    })
+
+    expect(quality.decision).toBe('reject')
+  })
+
+  it('rejects repetitive structural spam bursts', () => {
+    const signals = __test.computeQualitySignals({
+      readmeText: `# Kitchen Workflow
+## Mise en place
+- Gather ingredients and check freshness for each item before prep starts.
+- Prepare utensils and containers so every step can be executed smoothly.
+- Keep notes on ingredient substitutions and expected flavor impact.
+## Rolling flow
+- Build rolls in small batches, taste often, and adjust seasoning carefully.
+- Track timing, texture, and shape consistency to avoid rushed mistakes.
+- Capture what worked and what failed so the next run is more reliable.
+## Service checklist
+- Plate with clear labels, cleaning steps, and handoff instructions.
+- Include safety notes, storage guidance, and quality checkpoints.
+- Document outcomes and follow-up improvements for the next iteration.
+`,
+      summary: 'Detailed sushi workflow notes.',
+    })
+
+    const quality = __test.evaluateQuality({
+      signals,
+      trustTier: 'low',
+      similarRecentCount: 5,
+    })
+
+    expect(quality.decision).toBe('reject')
+    expect(quality.reason).toContain('template spam')
+  })
+
+  it('does not undercount non-latin skill docs', () => {
+    const signals = __test.computeQualitySignals({
+      readmeText: `# 飞书图片助手
+## 核心能力
+- 上传本地图片到飞书并自动返回 image_key，避免重复上传浪费配额。
+- 支持群聊与私聊，自动识别目标类型并校验参数，减少调用错误。
+- 提供重试与错误分类，方便排查网络问题、权限问题与资源限制。
+## 使用说明
+先配置应用凭证，然后传入目标会话与文件路径。技能会先检查缓存，再执行上传，并在发送阶段附带日志说明，便于团队追踪。
+如果出现失败，输出会包含建议动作，例如补齐权限、检查文件大小、确认机器人是否在群内，以及如何重放请求。
+还会记录每一步耗时、返回码与上下文摘要，方便后续做性能分析、告警聚合和批量回放，避免同类问题反复出现。
+`,
+      summary: '上传并发送图片到飞书，支持缓存、重试和错误诊断。',
+    })
+
+    const quality = __test.evaluateQuality({
+      signals,
+      trustTier: 'low',
+      similarRecentCount: 0,
+    })
+
+    expect(signals.bodyWords).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(45)
+    expect(quality.decision).toBe('pass')
+  })
 })
@@ -6,11 +6,22 @@ import type { ActionCtx, MutationCtx } from '../_generated/server'
 import { getSkillBadgeMap, isSkillHighlighted } from './badges'
 import { generateChangelogForPublish } from './changelog'
 import { generateEmbedding } from './embeddings'
+import { requireGitHubAccountAge } from './githubAccount'
 import type { PublicUser } from './public'
+import {
+  computeQualitySignals,
+  evaluateQuality,
+  getTrustTier,
+  type QualityAssessment,
+  toStructuralFingerprint,
+} from './skillQuality'
+import { generateSkillSummary } from './skillSummary'
 import {
  buildEmbeddingText,
  getFrontmatterMetadata,
+  getFrontmatterValue,
  hashSkillFiles,
+  isMacJunkPath,
  isTextFile,
  parseClawdisMetadata,
  parseFrontmatter,
@@ -20,6 +31,8 @@ import type { WebhookSkillPayload } from './webhooks'

 const MAX_TOTAL_BYTES = 50 * 1024 * 1024
 const MAX_FILES_FOR_EMBEDDING = 40
+const QUALITY_WINDOW_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+const QUALITY_ACTIVITY_LIMIT = 60

 export type PublishResult = {
  skillId: Id<'skills'>
@@ -52,10 +65,19 @@ export type PublishVersionArgs = {
  }>
 }

+export type PublishOptions = {
+  bypassGitHubAccountAge?: boolean
+  bypassNewSkillRateLimit?: boolean
+  bypassQualityGate?: boolean
+  skipBackup?: boolean
+  skipWebhook?: boolean
+}
+
 export async function publishVersionForUser(
  ctx: ActionCtx,
  userId: Id<'users'>,
  args: PublishVersionArgs,
+  options: PublishOptions = {},
 ): Promise<PublishResult> {
  const version = args.version.trim()
  const slug = args.slug.trim().toLowerCase()
@@ -67,6 +89,15 @@ export async function publishVersionForUser(
  if (!semver.valid(version)) {
    throw new ConvexError('Version must be valid semver')
  }
+
+  if (!options.bypassGitHubAccountAge) {
+    await requireGitHubAccountAge(ctx, userId)
+  }
+  const existingSkill = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getSkillBySlugInternal, {
+    slug,
+  })) as Doc<'skills'> | null
+  const isNewSkill = !existingSkill
+
  const suppliedChangelog = args.changelog.trim()
  const changelogSource = suppliedChangelog ? ('user' as const) : ('auto' as const)

@@ -81,16 +112,17 @@ export async function publishVersionForUser(
    ...file,
    path: file.path as string,
  }))
-  if (safeFiles.some((file) => !isTextFile(file.path, file.contentType ?? undefined))) {
+  const publishFiles = safeFiles.filter((file) => !isMacJunkPath(file.path))
+  if (publishFiles.some((file) => !isTextFile(file.path, file.contentType ?? undefined))) {
    throw new ConvexError('Only text-based files are allowed')
  }

-  const totalBytes = safeFiles.reduce((sum, file) => sum + file.size, 0)
+  const totalBytes = publishFiles.reduce((sum, file) => sum + file.size, 0)
  if (totalBytes > MAX_TOTAL_BYTES) {
    throw new ConvexError('Skill bundle exceeds 50MB limit')
  }

-  const readmeFile = safeFiles.find(
+  const readmeFile = publishFiles.find(
    (file) => file.path?.toLowerCase() === 'skill.md' || file.path?.toLowerCase() === 'skills.md',
  )
  if (!readmeFile) throw new ConvexError('SKILL.md is required')
@@ -98,10 +130,83 @@ export async function publishVersionForUser(
  const readmeText = await fetchText(ctx, readmeFile.storageId)
  const frontmatter = parseFrontmatter(readmeText)
  const clawdis = parseClawdisMetadata(frontmatter)
-  const metadata = mergeSourceIntoMetadata(getFrontmatterMetadata(frontmatter), args.source)
+  const owner = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.users.getByIdInternal, {
+    userId,
+  })) as Doc<'users'> | null
+  const ownerCreatedAt = owner?.createdAt ?? owner?._creationTime ?? Date.now()
+  const now = Date.now()
+  const frontmatterMetadata = getFrontmatterMetadata(frontmatter)
+  // Check for description in metadata.description (nested) or description (direct frontmatter field)
+  const metadataDescription =
+    frontmatterMetadata &&
+    typeof frontmatterMetadata === 'object' &&
+    !Array.isArray(frontmatterMetadata) &&
+    typeof (frontmatterMetadata as Record<string, unknown>).description === 'string'
+      ? ((frontmatterMetadata as Record<string, unknown>).description as string)
+      : undefined
+  const directDescription = getFrontmatterValue(frontmatter, 'description')
+  // Prioritize the new description from frontmatter over the existing skill summary
+  // This ensures updates to the description are reflected on subsequent publishes (#301)
+  const summaryFromFrontmatter = metadataDescription ?? directDescription
+  const summary = await generateSkillSummary({
+    slug,
+    displayName,
+    readmeText,
+    currentSummary: summaryFromFrontmatter ?? existingSkill?.summary ?? undefined,
+  })
+
+  let qualityAssessment: QualityAssessment | null = null
+  if (isNewSkill && !options.bypassQualityGate) {
+    const ownerActivity = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getOwnerSkillActivityInternal, {
+      ownerUserId: userId,
+      limit: QUALITY_ACTIVITY_LIMIT,
+    })) as Array<{
+      slug: string
+      summary?: string
+      createdAt: number
+      latestVersionId?: Id<'skillVersions'>
+    }>
+
+    const trustTier = getTrustTier(now - ownerCreatedAt, ownerActivity.length)
+    const qualitySignals = computeQualitySignals({
+      readmeText,
+      summary,
+    })
+    const recentCandidates = ownerActivity.filter(
+      (entry) =>
+        entry.slug !== slug && entry.createdAt >= now - QUALITY_WINDOW_MS && entry.latestVersionId,
+    )
+    let similarRecentCount = 0
+    for (const entry of recentCandidates) {
+      const version = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getVersionByIdInternal, {
+        versionId: entry.latestVersionId as Id<'skillVersions'>,
+      })) as Doc<'skillVersions'> | null
+      if (!version) continue
+      const candidateReadmeFile = version.files.find((file) => {
+        const lower = file.path.toLowerCase()
+        return lower === 'skill.md' || lower === 'skills.md'
+      })
+      if (!candidateReadmeFile) continue
+      const candidateText = await fetchText(ctx, candidateReadmeFile.storageId)
+      if (toStructuralFingerprint(candidateText) === qualitySignals.structuralFingerprint) {
+        similarRecentCount += 1
+      }
+    }
+
+    qualityAssessment = evaluateQuality({
+      signals: qualitySignals,
+      trustTier,
+      similarRecentCount,
+    })
+    if (qualityAssessment.decision === 'reject') {
+      throw new ConvexError(qualityAssessment.reason)
+    }
+  }
+
+  const metadata = mergeSourceIntoMetadata(frontmatterMetadata, args.source, qualityAssessment)

  const otherFiles = [] as Array<{ path: string; content: string }>
-  for (const file of safeFiles) {
+  for (const file of publishFiles) {
    if (!file.path || file.path.toLowerCase().endsWith('.md')) continue
    if (!isTextFile(file.path, file.contentType ?? undefined)) continue
    const content = await fetchText(ctx, file.storageId)
@@ -116,7 +221,7 @@ export async function publishVersionForUser(
  })

  const fingerprintPromise = hashSkillFiles(
-    safeFiles.map((file) => ({ path: file.path, sha256: file.sha256 })),
+    publishFiles.map((file) => ({ path: file.path, sha256: file.sha256 })),
  )

  const changelogPromise =
@@ -126,7 +231,7 @@ export async function publishVersionForUser(
          slug,
          version,
          readmeText,
-          files: safeFiles.map((file) => ({ path: file.path, sha256: file.sha256 })),
+          files: publishFiles.map((file) => ({ path: file.path, sha256: file.sha256 })),
        })

  const embeddingPromise = generateEmbedding(embeddingText)
@@ -154,7 +259,8 @@ export async function publishVersionForUser(
          version: args.forkOf.version?.trim() || undefined,
        }
      : undefined,
-    files: safeFiles.map((file) => ({
+    bypassNewSkillRateLimit: options.bypassNewSkillRateLimit || undefined,
+    files: publishFiles.map((file) => ({
      ...file,
      path: file.path,
    })),
@@ -163,55 +269,98 @@ export async function publishVersionForUser(
      metadata,
      clawdis,
    },
+    summary,
    embedding,
+    qualityAssessment: qualityAssessment
+      ? {
+          decision: qualityAssessment.decision,
+          score: qualityAssessment.score,
+          reason: qualityAssessment.reason,
+          trustTier: qualityAssessment.trustTier,
+          similarRecentCount: qualityAssessment.similarRecentCount,
+          signals: qualityAssessment.signals,
+        }
+      : undefined,
  })) as PublishResult

-  const owner = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.users.getByIdInternal, {
-    userId,
-  })) as Doc<'users'> | null
+  await ctx.scheduler.runAfter(0, internal.vt.scanWithVirusTotal, {
+    versionId: publishResult.versionId,
+  })
+
+  await ctx.scheduler.runAfter(0, internal.llmEval.evaluateWithLlm, {
+    versionId: publishResult.versionId,
+  })
+
  const ownerHandle = owner?.handle ?? owner?.displayName ?? owner?.name ?? 'unknown'

-  void ctx.scheduler
-    .runAfter(0, internal.githubBackupsNode.backupSkillForPublishInternal, {
+  if (!options.skipBackup) {
+    void ctx.scheduler
+      .runAfter(0, internal.githubBackupsNode.backupSkillForPublishInternal, {
+        slug,
+        version,
+        displayName,
+        ownerHandle,
+        files: publishFiles,
+        publishedAt: Date.now(),
+      })
+      .catch((error) => {
+        console.error('GitHub backup scheduling failed', error)
+      })
+  }
+
+  if (!options.skipWebhook) {
+    void schedulePublishWebhook(ctx, {
      slug,
      version,
      displayName,
-      ownerHandle,
-      files: safeFiles,
-      publishedAt: Date.now(),
    })
-    .catch((error) => {
-      console.error('GitHub backup scheduling failed', error)
-    })
-
-  void schedulePublishWebhook(ctx, {
-    slug,
-    version,
-    displayName,
-  })
+  }

  return publishResult
 }

-function mergeSourceIntoMetadata(metadata: unknown, source: PublishVersionArgs['source']) {
-  if (!source) return metadata === undefined ? undefined : metadata
-  const sourceValue = {
-    kind: source.kind,
-    url: source.url,
-    repo: source.repo,
-    ref: source.ref,
-    commit: source.commit,
-    path: source.path,
-    importedAt: source.importedAt,
+function mergeSourceIntoMetadata(
+  metadata: unknown,
+  source: PublishVersionArgs['source'],
+  qualityAssessment: QualityAssessment | null = null,
+) {
+  const base =
+    metadata && typeof metadata === 'object' && !Array.isArray(metadata)
+      ? { ...(metadata as Record<string, unknown>) }
+      : {}
+
+  if (source) {
+    base.source = {
+      kind: source.kind,
+      url: source.url,
+      repo: source.repo,
+      ref: source.ref,
+      commit: source.commit,
+      path: source.path,
+      importedAt: source.importedAt,
+    }
  }

-  if (!metadata) return { source: sourceValue }
-  if (typeof metadata !== 'object' || Array.isArray(metadata)) return { source: sourceValue }
-  return { ...(metadata as Record<string, unknown>), source: sourceValue }
+  if (qualityAssessment) {
+    base._clawhubQuality = {
+      score: qualityAssessment.score,
+      decision: qualityAssessment.decision,
+      trustTier: qualityAssessment.trustTier,
+      similarRecentCount: qualityAssessment.similarRecentCount,
+      signals: qualityAssessment.signals,
+      reason: qualityAssessment.reason,
+      evaluatedAt: Date.now(),
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Object.keys(base).length ? base : undefined
 }

 export const __test = {
  mergeSourceIntoMetadata,
+  computeQualitySignals,
+  evaluateQuality,
+  toStructuralFingerprint,
 }

 export async function queueHighlightedWebhook(ctx: MutationCtx, skillId: Id<'skills'>) {
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+const TRUST_TIER_ACCOUNT_AGE_LOW_MS = 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+const TRUST_TIER_ACCOUNT_AGE_MEDIUM_MS = 90 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+const TRUST_TIER_SKILLS_LOW = 10
+const TRUST_TIER_SKILLS_MEDIUM = 50
+const TEMPLATE_MARKERS = [
+  'expert guidance for',
+  'practical skill guidance',
+  'step-by-step tutorials',
+  'tips and techniques',
+  'project ideas',
+  'resource recommendations',
+  'help with this skill',
+  'learning guidance',
+] as const
+
+export type TrustTier = 'low' | 'medium' | 'trusted'
+
+export type QualitySignals = {
+  bodyChars: number
+  bodyWords: number
+  uniqueWordRatio: number
+  headingCount: number
+  bulletCount: number
+  templateMarkerHits: number
+  genericSummary: boolean
+  cjkChars: number
+  structuralFingerprint: string
+}
+
+export type QualityAssessment = {
+  score: number
+  decision: 'pass' | 'quarantine' | 'reject'
+  reason: string
+  trustTier: TrustTier
+  similarRecentCount: number
+  signals: Omit<QualitySignals, 'structuralFingerprint'>
+}
+
+function stripFrontmatter(raw: string) {
+  return raw.replace(/^---\s*\n[\s\S]*?\n---\s*\n?/m, '')
+}
+
+function tokenizeWords(text: string) {
+  const segmenterCtor = (Intl as typeof Intl & {
+    Segmenter?: new (
+      locale?: string | string[],
+      options?: { granularity?: 'grapheme' | 'word' | 'sentence' },
+    ) => {
+      segment: (
+        input: string,
+      ) => Iterable<{ segment: string; isWordLike?: boolean }>
+    }
+  }).Segmenter
+
+  if (segmenterCtor) {
+    const segmenter = new segmenterCtor(undefined, { granularity: 'word' })
+    const tokens: string[] = []
+    for (const entry of segmenter.segment(text)) {
+      if (!entry.isWordLike) continue
+      const token = entry.segment.trim().toLowerCase()
+      if (!token) continue
+      tokens.push(token)
+    }
+    if (tokens.length > 0) return tokens
+  }
+
+  return (text.toLowerCase().match(/[a-z0-9][a-z0-9'-]*/g) ?? []).filter((word) => word.length > 1)
+}
+
+function wordBucket(text: string) {
+  const words = tokenizeWords(text).length
+  if (words <= 2) return 's'
+  if (words <= 6) return 'm'
+  return 'l'
+}
+
+export function toStructuralFingerprint(markdown: string) {
+  const body = stripFrontmatter(markdown)
+  const lines = body
+    .split('\n')
+    .map((line) => line.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .slice(0, 80)
+
+  return lines
+    .map((line) => {
+      if (line.startsWith('### ')) return `h3:${wordBucket(line.slice(4))}`
+      if (line.startsWith('## ')) return `h2:${wordBucket(line.slice(3))}`
+      if (line.startsWith('# ')) return `h1:${wordBucket(line.slice(2))}`
+      if (/^[-*]\s+/.test(line)) return `b:${wordBucket(line.replace(/^[-*]\s+/, ''))}`
+      if (/^\d+\.\s+/.test(line)) return `n:${wordBucket(line.replace(/^\d+\.\s+/, ''))}`
+      return `p:${wordBucket(line)}`
+    })
+    .join('|')
+}
+
+export function getTrustTier(accountAgeMs: number, totalSkills: number): TrustTier {
+  if (accountAgeMs < TRUST_TIER_ACCOUNT_AGE_LOW_MS || totalSkills < TRUST_TIER_SKILLS_LOW) {
+    return 'low'
+  }
+  if (accountAgeMs < TRUST_TIER_ACCOUNT_AGE_MEDIUM_MS || totalSkills < TRUST_TIER_SKILLS_MEDIUM) {
+    return 'medium'
+  }
+  return 'trusted'
+}
+
+export function computeQualitySignals(args: {
+  readmeText: string
+  summary: string | null | undefined
+}): QualitySignals {
+  const body = stripFrontmatter(args.readmeText)
+  const bodyChars = body.replace(/\s+/g, '').length
+  const words = tokenizeWords(body)
+  const uniqueWordRatio = words.length ? new Set(words).size / words.length : 0
+  const lines = body.split('\n')
+  const headingCount = lines.filter((line) => /^#{1,3}\s+/.test(line.trim())).length
+  const bulletCount = lines.filter((line) => /^[-*]\s+/.test(line.trim())).length
+  const bodyLower = body.toLowerCase()
+  const templateMarkerHits = TEMPLATE_MARKERS.filter((marker) => bodyLower.includes(marker)).length
+  const summary = (args.summary ?? '').trim().toLowerCase()
+  const genericSummary = /^expert guidance for [a-z0-9-]+\.?$/.test(summary)
+  const cjkChars = (body.match(/[\p{Script=Han}\p{Script=Hiragana}\p{Script=Katakana}\p{Script=Hangul}]/gu) ?? []).length
+
+  return {
+    bodyChars,
+    bodyWords: words.length,
+    uniqueWordRatio,
+    headingCount,
+    bulletCount,
+    templateMarkerHits,
+    genericSummary,
+    cjkChars,
+    structuralFingerprint: toStructuralFingerprint(args.readmeText),
+  }
+}
+
+function scoreQuality(signals: QualitySignals) {
+  let score = 100
+  if (signals.bodyChars < 250) score -= 28
+  if (signals.bodyWords < 80) score -= 24
+  if (signals.uniqueWordRatio < 0.45) score -= 14
+  if (signals.headingCount < 2) score -= 10
+  if (signals.bulletCount < 3) score -= 8
+  score -= Math.min(28, signals.templateMarkerHits * 9)
+  if (signals.genericSummary) score -= 20
+  return Math.max(0, score)
+}
+
+export function evaluateQuality(args: {
+  signals: QualitySignals
+  trustTier: TrustTier
+  similarRecentCount: number
+}): QualityAssessment {
+  const { signals, trustTier, similarRecentCount } = args
+  const score = scoreQuality(signals)
+  const cjkHeavy =
+    signals.cjkChars >= 40 || (signals.bodyChars > 0 && signals.cjkChars / signals.bodyChars >= 0.15)
+  let rejectWordsThreshold = trustTier === 'low' ? 45 : trustTier === 'medium' ? 35 : 28
+  let rejectCharsThreshold = trustTier === 'low' ? 260 : trustTier === 'medium' ? 180 : 140
+  if (cjkHeavy) {
+    rejectWordsThreshold = Math.max(24, rejectWordsThreshold - 16)
+    rejectCharsThreshold = Math.max(140, rejectCharsThreshold - 120)
+  }
+  const quarantineScoreThreshold = trustTier === 'low' ? 72 : trustTier === 'medium' ? 60 : 50
+  const similarityRejectThreshold = trustTier === 'low' ? 5 : trustTier === 'medium' ? 8 : 12
+
+  const hardReject =
+    signals.bodyWords < rejectWordsThreshold ||
+    signals.bodyChars < rejectCharsThreshold ||
+    (signals.templateMarkerHits >= 3 && signals.bodyWords < 120) ||
+    similarRecentCount >= similarityRejectThreshold
+
+  if (hardReject) {
+    const reason =
+      similarRecentCount >= similarityRejectThreshold
+        ? 'Skill appears to be repeated template spam from this account.'
+        : 'Skill content is too thin or templated. Add meaningful, specific documentation.'
+    return {
+      score,
+      decision: 'reject',
+      reason,
+      trustTier,
+      similarRecentCount,
+      signals: {
+        bodyChars: signals.bodyChars,
+        bodyWords: signals.bodyWords,
+        uniqueWordRatio: signals.uniqueWordRatio,
+        headingCount: signals.headingCount,
+        bulletCount: signals.bulletCount,
+        templateMarkerHits: signals.templateMarkerHits,
+        genericSummary: signals.genericSummary,
+        cjkChars: signals.cjkChars,
+      },
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (score < quarantineScoreThreshold) {
+    return {
+      score,
+      decision: 'quarantine',
+      reason: 'Skill quality is low and requires moderation review before being listed.',
+      trustTier,
+      similarRecentCount,
+      signals: {
+        bodyChars: signals.bodyChars,
+        bodyWords: signals.bodyWords,
+        uniqueWordRatio: signals.uniqueWordRatio,
+        headingCount: signals.headingCount,
+        bulletCount: signals.bulletCount,
+        templateMarkerHits: signals.templateMarkerHits,
+        genericSummary: signals.genericSummary,
+        cjkChars: signals.cjkChars,
+      },
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    score,
+    decision: 'pass',
+    reason: 'Quality checks passed.',
+    trustTier,
+    similarRecentCount,
+    signals: {
+      bodyChars: signals.bodyChars,
+      bodyWords: signals.bodyWords,
+      uniqueWordRatio: signals.uniqueWordRatio,
+      headingCount: signals.headingCount,
+      bulletCount: signals.bulletCount,
+      templateMarkerHits: signals.templateMarkerHits,
+      genericSummary: signals.genericSummary,
+      cjkChars: signals.cjkChars,
+    },
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { isSkillSuspicious } from './skillSafety'
+
+describe('isSkillSuspicious', () => {
+  it('returns true when suspicious flag is present', () => {
+    expect(
+      isSkillSuspicious({
+        moderationFlags: ['flagged.suspicious'],
+        moderationReason: undefined,
+      }),
+    ).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  it('returns true for scanner suspicious reason', () => {
+    expect(
+      isSkillSuspicious({
+        moderationFlags: [],
+        moderationReason: 'scanner.vt.suspicious',
+      }),
+    ).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  it('returns false for clean moderation states', () => {
+    expect(
+      isSkillSuspicious({
+        moderationFlags: [],
+        moderationReason: 'scanner.vt.clean',
+      }),
+    ).toBe(false)
+  })
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import type { Doc } from '../_generated/dataModel'
+
+function isScannerSuspiciousReason(reason: string | undefined) {
+  if (!reason) return false
+  return reason.startsWith('scanner.') && reason.endsWith('.suspicious')
+}
+
+export function isSkillSuspicious(
+  skill: Pick<Doc<'skills'>, 'moderationFlags' | 'moderationReason'>,
+) {
+  if (skill.moderationFlags?.includes('flagged.suspicious')) return true
+  return isScannerSuspiciousReason(skill.moderationReason)
+}
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { toDayKey } from './leaderboards'
 type SkillStatDeltas = {
  downloads?: number
  stars?: number
+  comments?: number
  installsCurrent?: number
  installsAllTime?: number
 }
@@ -22,8 +23,10 @@ export function applySkillStatDeltas(skill: Doc<'skills'>, deltas: SkillStatDelt
      ? skill.statsInstallsAllTime
      : (skill.stats.installsAllTime ?? 0)

+  const currentComments = skill.stats.comments
  const nextDownloads = Math.max(0, currentDownloads + (deltas.downloads ?? 0))
  const nextStars = Math.max(0, currentStars + (deltas.stars ?? 0))
+  const nextComments = Math.max(0, currentComments + (deltas.comments ?? 0))
  const nextInstallsCurrent = Math.max(0, currentInstallsCurrent + (deltas.installsCurrent ?? 0))
  const nextInstallsAllTime = Math.max(0, currentInstallsAllTime + (deltas.installsAllTime ?? 0))

@@ -36,6 +39,7 @@ export function applySkillStatDeltas(skill: Doc<'skills'>, deltas: SkillStatDelt
      ...skill.stats,
      downloads: nextDownloads,
      stars: nextStars,
+      comments: nextComments,
      installsCurrent: nextInstallsCurrent,
      installsAllTime: nextInstallsAllTime,
    },
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { __test, generateSkillSummary } from './skillSummary'
+
+const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  vi.restoreAllMocks()
+  vi.unstubAllEnvs()
+  globalThis.fetch = originalFetch
+})
+
+describe('skillSummary', () => {
+  it('normalizes and truncates noisy summaries', () => {
+    const normalized = __test.normalizeSummary(`"  hello\n\nworld  "`)
+    expect(normalized).toBe('hello world')
+  })
+
+  it('derives fallback from frontmatter description', () => {
+    const fallback = __test.deriveSummaryFallback(`---\ndescription: Crisp summary.\n---\n# Title`)
+    expect(fallback).toBe('Crisp summary.')
+  })
+
+  it('derives fallback from first meaningful body line', () => {
+    const fallback = __test.deriveSummaryFallback(
+      `---\ntitle: Demo\n---\n# Skill Title\n\n- Ship fast`,
+    )
+    expect(fallback).toBe('Skill Title')
+  })
+
+  it('returns existing summary without API call', async () => {
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn()
+    globalThis.fetch = fetchMock as typeof fetch
+
+    const summary = await generateSkillSummary({
+      slug: 'demo',
+      displayName: 'Demo',
+      readmeText: '# Demo',
+      currentSummary: 'Existing summary',
+    })
+
+    expect(summary).toBe('Existing summary')
+    expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('uses identity fallback for empty content without API call', async () => {
+    vi.stubEnv('OPENAI_API_KEY', 'test-key')
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn()
+    globalThis.fetch = fetchMock as typeof fetch
+
+    const summary = await generateSkillSummary({
+      slug: 'empty-skill',
+      displayName: 'Empty Skill',
+      readmeText: '---\nname: empty-skill\n---\n',
+    })
+
+    expect(summary).toBe('Automation skill for Empty Skill.')
+    expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('uses OpenAI when key is set and summary missing', async () => {
+    vi.stubEnv('OPENAI_API_KEY', 'test-key')
+    globalThis.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({
+        output: [
+          {
+            type: 'message',
+            content: [{ type: 'output_text', text: 'AI summary output.' }],
+          },
+        ],
+      }),
+    }) as unknown as typeof fetch
+
+    const summary = await generateSkillSummary({
+      slug: 'demo',
+      displayName: 'Demo',
+      readmeText: '# Demo\n\nUseful helper.',
+    })
+
+    expect(summary).toBe('AI summary output.')
+  })
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import { getFrontmatterValue, parseFrontmatter } from './skills'
+import { extractResponseText } from './openaiResponse'
+
+const SKILL_SUMMARY_MODEL = process.env.OPENAI_SKILL_SUMMARY_MODEL ?? 'gpt-4.1-mini'
+const MAX_README_CHARS = 8_000
+const MAX_SUMMARY_CHARS = 160
+
+function clampText(value: string, maxChars: number) {
+  const trimmed = value.trim()
+  if (trimmed.length <= maxChars) return trimmed
+  return `${trimmed.slice(0, maxChars).trimEnd()}\n...`
+}
+
+function normalizeSummary(value: string | null | undefined) {
+  if (!value) return undefined
+  const compact = value
+    .replace(/\r\n/g, '\n')
+    .replace(/\r/g, '\n')
+    .split('\n')
+    .map((line) => line.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .join(' ')
+    .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+    .replace(/^["'`]+|["'`]+$/g, '')
+    .trim()
+  if (!compact) return undefined
+  if (compact.length <= MAX_SUMMARY_CHARS) return compact
+  return `${compact.slice(0, MAX_SUMMARY_CHARS - 3).trimEnd()}...`
+}
+
+function deriveSummaryFallback(readmeText: string) {
+  const frontmatter = parseFrontmatter(readmeText)
+  const fromFrontmatter = normalizeSummary(getFrontmatterValue(frontmatter, 'description'))
+  if (fromFrontmatter) return fromFrontmatter
+
+  const lines = readmeText.split(/\r?\n/)
+  let inFrontmatter = false
+  for (const raw of lines) {
+    const trimmed = raw.trim()
+    if (!trimmed) continue
+    if (!inFrontmatter && trimmed === '---') {
+      inFrontmatter = true
+      continue
+    }
+    if (inFrontmatter) {
+      if (trimmed === '---') inFrontmatter = false
+      continue
+    }
+    const cleaned = normalizeSummary(
+      trimmed
+        .replace(/^#+\s*/, '')
+        .replace(/^[-*]\s+/, '')
+        .replace(/^\d+\.\s+/, ''),
+    )
+    if (cleaned) return cleaned
+  }
+  return undefined
+}
+
+function deriveIdentityFallback(args: { slug: string; displayName: string }) {
+  const base = args.displayName.trim() || args.slug.trim()
+  return normalizeSummary(`Automation skill for ${base}.`)
+}
+
+export async function generateSkillSummary(args: {
+  slug: string
+  displayName: string
+  readmeText: string
+  currentSummary?: string
+}) {
+  const existing = normalizeSummary(args.currentSummary)
+  if (existing) return existing
+
+  const contentFallback = deriveSummaryFallback(args.readmeText)
+  const fallback = contentFallback ?? deriveIdentityFallback(args)
+  const apiKey = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY
+  if (!apiKey) return fallback
+  if (!contentFallback) return fallback
+
+  const input = [
+    `Skill slug: ${args.slug}`,
+    `Display name: ${args.displayName}`,
+    `SKILL.md:\n${clampText(args.readmeText, MAX_README_CHARS)}`,
+  ].join('\n\n')
+
+  try {
+    const response = await fetch('https://api.openai.com/v1/responses', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: {
+        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        Authorization: `Bearer ${apiKey}`,
+      },
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        model: SKILL_SUMMARY_MODEL,
+        instructions:
+          'Write a concise public skill description. Return plain text only, one sentence, max 160 characters. No markdown. No quotes. No hype. Be specific and accurate to SKILL.md.',
+        input,
+        max_output_tokens: 90,
+      }),
+    })
+    if (!response.ok) return fallback
+    const payload = (await response.json()) as unknown
+    return normalizeSummary(extractResponseText(payload)) ?? fallback
+  } catch {
+    return fallback
+  }
+}
+
+export const __test = {
+  clampText,
+  deriveSummaryFallback,
+  normalizeSummary,
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/* @vitest-environment node */
+
+import { unzipSync } from 'fflate'
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { buildDeterministicZip, buildSkillMeta, type SkillZipMeta } from './skillZip'
+
+describe('skillZip', () => {
+  describe('buildSkillMeta', () => {
+    it('returns metadata object with all fields', () => {
+      const meta: SkillZipMeta = {
+        ownerId: 'user123',
+        slug: 'my-skill',
+        version: '1.0.0',
+        publishedAt: 1700000000000,
+      }
+      const result = buildSkillMeta(meta)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        ownerId: 'user123',
+        slug: 'my-skill',
+        version: '1.0.0',
+        publishedAt: 1700000000000,
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('buildDeterministicZip', () => {
+    it('creates a zip with provided entries', () => {
+      const entries = [
+        { path: 'SKILL.md', bytes: new TextEncoder().encode('# My Skill') },
+        { path: 'README.txt', bytes: new TextEncoder().encode('Hello') },
+      ]
+      const zip = buildDeterministicZip(entries)
+      const unzipped = unzipSync(zip)
+
+      expect(Object.keys(unzipped).sort()).toEqual(['README.txt', 'SKILL.md'])
+      expect(new TextDecoder().decode(unzipped['SKILL.md'])).toBe('# My Skill')
+      expect(new TextDecoder().decode(unzipped['README.txt'])).toBe('Hello')
+    })
+
+    it('sorts entries alphabetically for deterministic output', () => {
+      const entries1 = [
+        { path: 'b.txt', bytes: new TextEncoder().encode('B') },
+        { path: 'a.txt', bytes: new TextEncoder().encode('A') },
+      ]
+      const entries2 = [
+        { path: 'a.txt', bytes: new TextEncoder().encode('A') },
+        { path: 'b.txt', bytes: new TextEncoder().encode('B') },
+      ]
+
+      const zip1 = buildDeterministicZip(entries1)
+      const zip2 = buildDeterministicZip(entries2)
+
+      // Both should produce identical zips regardless of input order
+      expect(Array.from(zip1)).toEqual(Array.from(zip2))
+    })
+
+    it('includes _meta.json when meta is provided', () => {
+      const entries = [{ path: 'SKILL.md', bytes: new TextEncoder().encode('# Hello') }]
+      const meta: SkillZipMeta = {
+        ownerId: 'user456',
+        slug: 'test-skill',
+        version: '2.0.0',
+        publishedAt: 1700000000000,
+      }
+
+      const zip = buildDeterministicZip(entries, meta)
+      const unzipped = unzipSync(zip)
+
+      expect(Object.keys(unzipped).sort()).toEqual(['SKILL.md', '_meta.json'])
+      const metaContent = JSON.parse(new TextDecoder().decode(unzipped['_meta.json']))
+      expect(metaContent).toEqual({
+        ownerId: 'user456',
+        slug: 'test-skill',
+        version: '2.0.0',
+        publishedAt: 1700000000000,
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('does not include _meta.json when meta is undefined', () => {
+      const entries = [{ path: 'SKILL.md', bytes: new TextEncoder().encode('# Hello') }]
+      const zip = buildDeterministicZip(entries)
+      const unzipped = unzipSync(zip)
+
+      expect(Object.keys(unzipped)).toEqual(['SKILL.md'])
+    })
+
+    it('produces deterministic output for same inputs', () => {
+      const entries = [
+        { path: 'file1.md', bytes: new TextEncoder().encode('content1') },
+        { path: 'file2.md', bytes: new TextEncoder().encode('content2') },
+      ]
+      const meta: SkillZipMeta = {
+        ownerId: 'owner',
+        slug: 'slug',
+        version: '1.0.0',
+        publishedAt: 1700000000000,
+      }
+
+      const zip1 = buildDeterministicZip(entries, meta)
+      const zip2 = buildDeterministicZip(entries, meta)
+
+      // Should be byte-for-byte identical
+      expect(Array.from(zip1)).toEqual(Array.from(zip2))
+    })
+
+    it('handles empty entries array', () => {
+      const zip = buildDeterministicZip([])
+      const unzipped = unzipSync(zip)
+
+      expect(Object.keys(unzipped)).toEqual([])
+    })
+
+    it('handles empty entries array with meta', () => {
+      const meta: SkillZipMeta = {
+        ownerId: 'owner',
+        slug: 'slug',
+        version: '1.0.0',
+        publishedAt: 1700000000000,
+      }
+      const zip = buildDeterministicZip([], meta)
+      const unzipped = unzipSync(zip)
+
+      expect(Object.keys(unzipped)).toEqual(['_meta.json'])
+    })
+
+    it('handles nested paths', () => {
+      const entries = [
+        { path: 'docs/readme.md', bytes: new TextEncoder().encode('docs') },
+        { path: 'src/index.ts', bytes: new TextEncoder().encode('code') },
+        { path: 'SKILL.md', bytes: new TextEncoder().encode('skill') },
+      ]
+
+      const zip = buildDeterministicZip(entries)
+      const unzipped = unzipSync(zip)
+
+      expect(Object.keys(unzipped).sort()).toEqual(['SKILL.md', 'docs/readme.md', 'src/index.ts'])
+    })
+  })
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { zipSync } from 'fflate'
+
+type ZipEntry = {
+  path: string
+  bytes: Uint8Array
+}
+
+export type SkillZipMeta = {
+  ownerId: string
+  slug: string
+  version: string
+  publishedAt: number
+}
+
+type ZipInput = Record<string, Uint8Array | [Uint8Array, { mtime?: Date }]>
+
+const FIXED_ZIP_DATE = new Date(1980, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0)
+
+export function buildSkillMeta(meta: SkillZipMeta) {
+  return {
+    ownerId: meta.ownerId,
+    slug: meta.slug,
+    version: meta.version,
+    publishedAt: meta.publishedAt,
+  }
+}
+
+export function buildDeterministicZip(entries: ZipEntry[], meta?: SkillZipMeta) {
+  const sorted = [...entries].sort((a, b) => a.path.localeCompare(b.path))
+  const zipData: ZipInput = {}
+
+  for (const entry of sorted) {
+    zipData[entry.path] = [entry.bytes, { mtime: FIXED_ZIP_DATE }]
+  }
+
+  if (meta) {
+    const metaContent = new TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify(buildSkillMeta(meta), null, 2))
+    zipData['_meta.json'] = [metaContent, { mtime: FIXED_ZIP_DATE }]
+  }
+
+  return Uint8Array.from(zipSync(zipData, { level: 6 }))
+}
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
  getFrontmatterMetadata,
  getFrontmatterValue,
  hashSkillFiles,
+  isMacJunkPath,
  isTextFile,
  parseClawdisMetadata,
  parseFrontmatter,
@@ -152,6 +153,15 @@ describe('skills utils', () => {
    expect(isTextFile('data.json')).toBe(true)
  })

+  it('detects mac junk paths', () => {
+    expect(isMacJunkPath('.DS_Store')).toBe(true)
+    expect(isMacJunkPath('folder/.DS_Store')).toBe(true)
+    expect(isMacJunkPath('folder/._config.md')).toBe(true)
+    expect(isMacJunkPath('__MACOSX/._SKILL.md')).toBe(true)
+    expect(isMacJunkPath('docs/SKILL.md')).toBe(false)
+    expect(isMacJunkPath('notes.md')).toBe(false)
+  })
+
  it('builds embedding text', () => {
    const frontmatter = { name: 'Demo', description: 'Hello' }
    const text = buildEmbeddingText({
@@ -195,3 +205,161 @@ describe('skills utils', () => {
    expect(a).toBe(b)
  })
 })
+
+describe('parseClawdisMetadata — env/deps/author/links (#350)', () => {
+  it('parses envVars from clawdis block', () => {
+    const frontmatter = parseFrontmatter(`---
+metadata:
+  clawdis:
+    envVars:
+      - name: ANTHROPIC_API_KEY
+        required: true
+        description: API key for Claude
+      - name: MAX_TURNS
+        required: false
+        description: Max turns per phase
+---`)
+    const meta = parseClawdisMetadata(frontmatter)
+    expect(meta?.envVars).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(meta?.envVars?.[0]).toEqual({
+      name: 'ANTHROPIC_API_KEY',
+      required: true,
+      description: 'API key for Claude',
+    })
+    expect(meta?.envVars?.[1]?.required).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  it('parses dependencies from clawdis block', () => {
+    const frontmatter = parseFrontmatter(`---
+metadata:
+  clawdis:
+    dependencies:
+      - name: securevibes
+        type: pip
+        version: ">=0.3.0"
+        url: https://pypi.org/project/securevibes/
+        repository: https://github.com/anshumanbh/securevibes
+---`)
+    const meta = parseClawdisMetadata(frontmatter)
+    expect(meta?.dependencies).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(meta?.dependencies?.[0]).toEqual({
+      name: 'securevibes',
+      type: 'pip',
+      version: '>=0.3.0',
+      url: 'https://pypi.org/project/securevibes/',
+      repository: 'https://github.com/anshumanbh/securevibes',
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('parses author and links from clawdis block', () => {
+    const frontmatter = parseFrontmatter(`---
+metadata:
+  clawdis:
+    author: anshumanbh
+    links:
+      homepage: https://securevibes.ai
+      repository: https://github.com/anshumanbh/securevibes
+---`)
+    const meta = parseClawdisMetadata(frontmatter)
+    expect(meta?.author).toBe('anshumanbh')
+    expect(meta?.links?.homepage).toBe('https://securevibes.ai')
+    expect(meta?.links?.repository).toBe('https://github.com/anshumanbh/securevibes')
+  })
+
+  it('parses env/deps/author/links from top-level frontmatter (no clawdis block)', () => {
+    const frontmatter = parseFrontmatter(`---
+env:
+  - name: MY_API_KEY
+    required: true
+    description: Main API key
+dependencies:
+  - name: requests
+    type: pip
+author: someuser
+links:
+  homepage: https://example.com
+---`)
+    const meta = parseClawdisMetadata(frontmatter)
+    expect(meta?.envVars).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(meta?.envVars?.[0]?.name).toBe('MY_API_KEY')
+    expect(meta?.dependencies).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(meta?.author).toBe('someuser')
+    expect(meta?.links?.homepage).toBe('https://example.com')
+  })
+
+  it('handles string-only env arrays as required env vars', () => {
+    const frontmatter = parseFrontmatter(`---
+metadata:
+  clawdis:
+    envVars:
+      - API_KEY
+      - SECRET_TOKEN
+---`)
+    const meta = parseClawdisMetadata(frontmatter)
+    expect(meta?.envVars).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(meta?.envVars?.[0]).toEqual({ name: 'API_KEY', required: true })
+  })
+
+  it('normalizes unknown dependency types to other', () => {
+    const frontmatter = parseFrontmatter(`---
+metadata:
+  clawdis:
+    dependencies:
+      - name: sometool
+        type: ruby
+---`)
+    const meta = parseClawdisMetadata(frontmatter)
+    expect(meta?.dependencies?.[0]?.type).toBe('other')
+  })
+
+  it('returns undefined when no declarations present', () => {
+    const frontmatter = parseFrontmatter(`---
+name: simple-skill
+description: A simple skill
+---`)
+    const meta = parseClawdisMetadata(frontmatter)
+    expect(meta).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  it('parses requires.env from top-level frontmatter (no clawdis block) (#522)', () => {
+    const frontmatter = parseFrontmatter(`---
+name: sigil-security
+description: Secure AI agent wallets.
+homepage: https://sigil.codes
+requires:
+  env:
+    - SIGIL_API_KEY
+    - SIGIL_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS
+    - SIGIL_AGENT_PRIVATE_KEY
+---`)
+    const meta = parseClawdisMetadata(frontmatter)
+    expect(meta?.requires?.env).toEqual([
+      'SIGIL_API_KEY',
+      'SIGIL_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS',
+      'SIGIL_AGENT_PRIVATE_KEY',
+    ])
+    expect(meta?.homepage).toBe('https://sigil.codes')
+  })
+
+  it('parses requires.bins and requires.anyBins from top-level frontmatter (#522)', () => {
+    const frontmatter = parseFrontmatter(`---
+name: my-tool
+description: A tool skill.
+requires:
+  bins:
+    - curl
+    - jq
+  anyBins:
+    - rg
+    - fd
+  config:
+    - ~/.config/mytool.json
+primaryEnv: MY_API_KEY
+---`)
+    const meta = parseClawdisMetadata(frontmatter)
+    expect(meta?.requires?.bins).toEqual(['curl', 'jq'])
+    expect(meta?.requires?.anyBins).toEqual(['rg', 'fd'])
+    expect(meta?.requires?.config).toEqual(['~/.config/mytool.json'])
+    expect(meta?.primaryEnv).toBe('MY_API_KEY')
+  })
+})
@@ -49,7 +49,9 @@ export function getFrontmatterMetadata(frontmatter: ParsedSkillFrontmatter) {
  if (!raw) return undefined
  if (typeof raw === 'string') {
    try {
-      const parsed = JSON.parse(raw) as unknown
+      // Strip trailing commas in JSON objects/arrays (common authoring mistake)
+      const cleaned = raw.replace(/,\s*([\]}])/g, '$1')
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(cleaned) as unknown
      return parsed ?? undefined
    } catch {
      return undefined
@@ -67,14 +69,22 @@ export function parseClawdisMetadata(frontmatter: ParsedSkillFrontmatter) {
      : undefined
  const clawdbotMeta = metadataRecord?.clawdbot
  const clawdisMeta = metadataRecord?.clawdis
+  const openclawMeta = metadataRecord?.openclaw
  const metadataSource =
    clawdbotMeta && typeof clawdbotMeta === 'object' && !Array.isArray(clawdbotMeta)
      ? (clawdbotMeta as Record<string, unknown>)
      : clawdisMeta && typeof clawdisMeta === 'object' && !Array.isArray(clawdisMeta)
        ? (clawdisMeta as Record<string, unknown>)
-        : undefined
+        : openclawMeta && typeof openclawMeta === 'object' && !Array.isArray(openclawMeta)
+          ? (openclawMeta as Record<string, unknown>)
+          : undefined
  const clawdisRaw = metadataSource ?? frontmatter.clawdis
-  if (!clawdisRaw || typeof clawdisRaw !== 'object' || Array.isArray(clawdisRaw)) return undefined
+
+  // Support top-level frontmatter env/dependencies/author/links as fallback
+  // even when no clawdis block exists (per #350)
+  if (!clawdisRaw || typeof clawdisRaw !== 'object' || Array.isArray(clawdisRaw)) {
+    return parseFrontmatterLevelDeclarations(frontmatter)
+  }

  try {
    const clawdisObj = clawdisRaw as Record<string, unknown>
@@ -117,6 +127,19 @@ export function parseClawdisMetadata(frontmatter: ParsedSkillFrontmatter) {
    const config = parseClawdbotConfigSpec(clawdisObj.config)
    if (config) metadata.config = config

+    // Parse env var declarations (detailed env with descriptions)
+    const envVars = parseEnvVarDeclarations(clawdisObj.envVars ?? clawdisObj.env)
+    if (envVars.length > 0) metadata.envVars = envVars
+
+    // Parse dependency declarations
+    const dependencies = parseDependencyDeclarations(clawdisObj.dependencies)
+    if (dependencies.length > 0) metadata.dependencies = dependencies
+
+    // Parse author and links
+    if (typeof clawdisObj.author === 'string') metadata.author = clawdisObj.author
+    const links = parseSkillLinks(clawdisObj.links)
+    if (links) metadata.links = links
+
    return parseArk(ClawdisSkillMetadataSchema, metadata, 'Clawdis metadata')
  } catch {
    return undefined
@@ -135,6 +158,22 @@ export function isTextFile(path: string, contentType?: string | null) {
  return false
 }

+export function isMacJunkPath(path: string) {
+  const normalized = path
+    .trim()
+    .replaceAll('\\', '/')
+    .replace(/^\/+/, '')
+    .toLowerCase()
+  if (!normalized) return false
+  const segments = normalized.split('/').filter(Boolean)
+  if (segments.length === 0) return false
+  if (segments.includes('__macosx')) return true
+  const basename = segments.at(-1) ?? ''
+  if (basename === '.ds_store') return true
+  if (basename.startsWith('._')) return true
+  return false
+}
+
 export function sanitizePath(path: string) {
  const trimmed = path.trim().replace(/^\/+/, '')
  if (!trimmed || trimmed.includes('..') || trimmed.includes('\\')) {
@@ -274,3 +313,130 @@ function isPlainObject(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
  const proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(value)
  return proto === Object.prototype || proto === null
 }
+
+/**
+ * Parse env var declarations from frontmatter.
+ * Accepts either an array of {name, required?, description?} objects
+ * or a simple string array (converted to {name, required: true}).
+ */
+function parseEnvVarDeclarations(input: unknown): Array<{ name: string; required?: boolean; description?: string }> {
+  if (!input) return []
+  if (!Array.isArray(input)) return []
+  return input
+    .map((item) => {
+      if (typeof item === 'string') {
+        return { name: item.trim(), required: true }
+      }
+      if (item && typeof item === 'object' && typeof (item as Record<string, unknown>).name === 'string') {
+        const obj = item as Record<string, unknown>
+        const decl: { name: string; required?: boolean; description?: string } = {
+          name: String(obj.name).trim(),
+        }
+        if (typeof obj.required === 'boolean') decl.required = obj.required
+        if (typeof obj.description === 'string') decl.description = obj.description.trim()
+        return decl
+      }
+      return null
+    })
+    .filter((item): item is NonNullable<typeof item> => item !== null && item.name.length > 0)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse dependency declarations from frontmatter.
+ * Accepts an array of {name, type, version?, url?, repository?} objects.
+ */
+function parseDependencyDeclarations(input: unknown): Array<{
+  name: string
+  type: 'pip' | 'npm' | 'brew' | 'go' | 'cargo' | 'apt' | 'other'
+  version?: string
+  url?: string
+  repository?: string
+}> {
+  if (!input || !Array.isArray(input)) return []
+  const validTypes = new Set(['pip', 'npm', 'brew', 'go', 'cargo', 'apt', 'other'])
+  return input
+    .map((item) => {
+      if (!item || typeof item !== 'object') return null
+      const obj = item as Record<string, unknown>
+      if (typeof obj.name !== 'string') return null
+      const typeStr = typeof obj.type === 'string' ? obj.type.trim().toLowerCase() : 'other'
+      const depType = validTypes.has(typeStr)
+        ? (typeStr as 'pip' | 'npm' | 'brew' | 'go' | 'cargo' | 'apt' | 'other')
+        : 'other'
+      const decl: {
+        name: string
+        type: typeof depType
+        version?: string
+        url?: string
+        repository?: string
+      } = { name: String(obj.name).trim(), type: depType }
+      if (typeof obj.version === 'string') decl.version = obj.version.trim()
+      if (typeof obj.url === 'string') decl.url = obj.url.trim()
+      if (typeof obj.repository === 'string') decl.repository = obj.repository.trim()
+      return decl
+    })
+    .filter((item): item is NonNullable<typeof item> => item !== null && item.name.length > 0)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse links object from frontmatter.
+ */
+function parseSkillLinks(input: unknown): { homepage?: string; repository?: string; documentation?: string; changelog?: string } | undefined {
+  if (!input || typeof input !== 'object' || Array.isArray(input)) return undefined
+  const obj = input as Record<string, unknown>
+  const links: { homepage?: string; repository?: string; documentation?: string; changelog?: string } = {}
+  if (typeof obj.homepage === 'string') links.homepage = obj.homepage.trim()
+  if (typeof obj.repository === 'string') links.repository = obj.repository.trim()
+  if (typeof obj.documentation === 'string') links.documentation = obj.documentation.trim()
+  if (typeof obj.changelog === 'string') links.changelog = obj.changelog.trim()
+  return Object.keys(links).length > 0 ? links : undefined
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse top-level frontmatter env/dependencies/author/links
+ * when no clawdis block is present (fallback for #350).
+ */
+function parseFrontmatterLevelDeclarations(frontmatter: ParsedSkillFrontmatter): ClawdisSkillMetadata | undefined {
+  const metadata: ClawdisSkillMetadata = {}
+
+  // Parse requires block (env, bins, anyBins, config) from top-level frontmatter (#522)
+  const requiresRaw = frontmatter.requires
+  if (requiresRaw && typeof requiresRaw === 'object' && !Array.isArray(requiresRaw)) {
+    const req = requiresRaw as Record<string, unknown>
+    const bins = normalizeStringList(req.bins)
+    const anyBins = normalizeStringList(req.anyBins)
+    const env = normalizeStringList(req.env)
+    const config = normalizeStringList(req.config)
+    if (bins.length || anyBins.length || env.length || config.length) {
+      metadata.requires = {}
+      if (bins.length) metadata.requires.bins = bins
+      if (anyBins.length) metadata.requires.anyBins = anyBins
+      if (env.length) metadata.requires.env = env
+      if (config.length) metadata.requires.config = config
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Parse primaryEnv from top-level frontmatter
+  if (typeof frontmatter.primaryEnv === 'string') {
+    metadata.primaryEnv = String(frontmatter.primaryEnv).trim()
+  }
+
+  const envVars = parseEnvVarDeclarations(frontmatter.env)
+  if (envVars.length > 0) metadata.envVars = envVars
+
+  const dependencies = parseDependencyDeclarations(frontmatter.dependencies)
+  if (dependencies.length > 0) metadata.dependencies = dependencies
+
+  if (typeof frontmatter.author === 'string') metadata.author = String(frontmatter.author).trim()
+
+  const links = parseSkillLinks(frontmatter.links)
+  if (links) metadata.links = links
+
+  if (typeof frontmatter.homepage === 'string') {
+    metadata.homepage = String(frontmatter.homepage).trim()
+  }
+
+  return Object.keys(metadata).length > 0
+    ? parseArk(ClawdisSkillMetadataSchema, metadata, 'Clawdis metadata')
+    : undefined
+}
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { internal } from '../_generated/api'
 import type { Doc } from '../_generated/dataModel'
 import type { ActionCtx } from '../_generated/server'
+import { extractResponseText } from './openaiResponse'

 const CHANGELOG_MODEL = process.env.OPENAI_CHANGELOG_MODEL ?? 'gpt-4.1'
 const MAX_README_CHARS = 8_000
@@ -59,27 +60,6 @@ function pickPaths(values: string[]) {
  return values.slice(0, MAX_PATHS_IN_PROMPT)
 }

-function extractResponseText(payload: unknown) {
-  if (!payload || typeof payload !== 'object') return null
-  const output = (payload as { output?: unknown }).output
-  if (!Array.isArray(output)) return null
-  const chunks: string[] = []
-  for (const item of output) {
-    if (!item || typeof item !== 'object') continue
-    if ((item as { type?: unknown }).type !== 'message') continue
-    const content = (item as { content?: unknown }).content
-    if (!Array.isArray(content)) continue
-    for (const part of content) {
-      if (!part || typeof part !== 'object') continue
-      if ((part as { type?: unknown }).type !== 'output_text') continue
-      const text = (part as { text?: unknown }).text
-      if (typeof text === 'string' && text.trim()) chunks.push(text)
-    }
-  }
-  const joined = chunks.join('\n').trim()
-  return joined || null
-}
-
 async function generateWithOpenAI(args: {
  slug: string
  version: string
@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@ import { internal } from '../_generated/api'
 import type { Doc, Id } from '../_generated/dataModel'
 import type { ActionCtx } from '../_generated/server'
 import { generateEmbedding } from './embeddings'
+import { requireGitHubAccountAge } from './githubAccount'
 import {
  buildEmbeddingText,
  getFrontmatterMetadata,
  getFrontmatterValue,
  hashSkillFiles,
+  isMacJunkPath,
  isTextFile,
  parseFrontmatter,
  sanitizePath,
@@ -90,28 +92,32 @@ export async function publishSoulVersionForUser(
  if (!semver.valid(version)) {
    throw new ConvexError('Version must be valid semver')
  }
+
+  await requireGitHubAccountAge(ctx, userId)
+
  const suppliedChangelog = args.changelog.trim()
  const changelogSource = suppliedChangelog ? ('user' as const) : ('auto' as const)

  const sanitizedFiles = args.files.map((file) => {
    const path = sanitizePath(file.path)
    if (!path) throw new ConvexError('Invalid file paths')
-    if (!isTextFile(path, file.contentType ?? undefined)) {
-      throw new ConvexError('Only text-based files are allowed')
-    }
    return { ...file, path }
  })
+  const publishFiles = sanitizedFiles.filter((file) => !isMacJunkPath(file.path))
+  if (publishFiles.some((file) => !isTextFile(file.path, file.contentType ?? undefined))) {
+    throw new ConvexError('Only text-based files are allowed')
+  }

-  const totalBytes = sanitizedFiles.reduce((sum, file) => sum + file.size, 0)
+  const totalBytes = publishFiles.reduce((sum, file) => sum + file.size, 0)
  if (totalBytes > MAX_TOTAL_BYTES) {
    throw new ConvexError('Soul bundle exceeds 50MB limit')
  }

  const isSoulFile = (path: string) => path.toLowerCase() === 'soul.md'
-  const readmeFile = sanitizedFiles.find((file) => isSoulFile(file.path))
+  const readmeFile = publishFiles.find((file) => isSoulFile(file.path))
  if (!readmeFile) throw new ConvexError('SOUL.md is required')

-  const nonSoulFiles = sanitizedFiles.filter((file) => !isSoulFile(file.path))
+  const nonSoulFiles = publishFiles.filter((file) => !isSoulFile(file.path))
  if (nonSoulFiles.length > 0) {
    throw new ConvexError('Only SOUL.md is allowed for soul bundles')
  }
@@ -128,8 +134,8 @@ export async function publishSoulVersionForUser(
  })

  const fingerprint = await hashSkillFiles(
-    sanitizedFiles.map((file) => ({
-      path: file.path ?? '',
+    publishFiles.map((file) => ({
+      path: file.path,
      sha256: file.sha256,
    })),
  )
@@ -141,7 +147,7 @@ export async function publishSoulVersionForUser(
          slug,
          version,
          readmeText,
-          files: sanitizedFiles.map((file) => ({ path: file.path ?? '', sha256: file.sha256 })),
+          files: publishFiles.map((file) => ({ path: file.path, sha256: file.sha256 })),
        })

  const embeddingPromise = generateEmbedding(embeddingText)
@@ -162,7 +168,7 @@ export async function publishSoulVersionForUser(
    changelogSource,
    tags: args.tags?.map((tag) => tag.trim()).filter(Boolean),
    fingerprint,
-    files: sanitizedFiles,
+    files: publishFiles,
    parsed: {
      frontmatter,
      metadata,
@@ -182,7 +188,7 @@ export async function publishSoulVersionForUser(
      version,
      displayName,
      ownerHandle,
-      files: sanitizedFiles,
+      files: publishFiles,
      publishedAt: Date.now(),
    })
    .catch((error) => {
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { buildUserSearchResults } from './userSearch'
+
+function makeUser(overrides: Record<string, unknown> = {}) {
+  return {
+    _id: 'users:1',
+    _creationTime: 1,
+    handle: 'alice',
+    name: 'alice-gh',
+    displayName: 'Alice',
+    email: 'alice@example.com',
+    ...overrides,
+  } as never
+}
+
+describe('buildUserSearchResults', () => {
+  it('returns all users when query is empty', () => {
+    const users = [makeUser({ _id: 'users:1' }), makeUser({ _id: 'users:2', handle: 'bob' })]
+    const result = buildUserSearchResults(users)
+    expect(result.total).toBe(2)
+    expect(result.items).toHaveLength(2)
+  })
+
+  it('matches compact handle/search variants', () => {
+    const users = [makeUser({ handle: 'alice-dev' }), makeUser({ _id: 'users:2', handle: 'bob' })]
+    const result = buildUserSearchResults(users, 'alicedev')
+    expect(result.total).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.items[0]?.handle).toBe('alice-dev')
+  })
+
+  it('does not throw on malformed legacy field types', () => {
+    const users = [
+      makeUser({
+        _id: 'users:legacy',
+        handle: 42,
+        name: { bad: true },
+        displayName: null,
+        email: ['legacy@example.com'],
+      }),
+      makeUser({ _id: 'users:2', handle: 'carol' }),
+    ]
+
+    expect(() => buildUserSearchResults(users, 'car')).not.toThrow()
+    const result = buildUserSearchResults(users, 'car')
+    expect(result.total).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.items[0]?._id).toBe('users:2')
+  })
+
+  it('ranks exact id match above fuzzy matches', () => {
+    const users = [
+      makeUser({ _id: 'users:target', handle: 'target-user', _creationTime: 1 }),
+      makeUser({ _id: 'users:2', handle: 'users:target', _creationTime: 10 }),
+    ]
+
+    const result = buildUserSearchResults(users, 'users:target')
+    expect(result.total).toBe(2)
+    expect(result.items[0]?._id).toBe('users:target')
+  })
+
+  it('uses creation time as tie-break when scores are equal', () => {
+    const users = [
+      makeUser({ _id: 'users:older', handle: 'alpha', _creationTime: 1 }),
+      makeUser({ _id: 'users:newer', handle: 'alpha-two', _creationTime: 50 }),
+    ]
+
+    const result = buildUserSearchResults(users, 'pha')
+    expect(result.total).toBe(2)
+    expect(result.items[0]?._id).toBe('users:newer')
+    expect(result.items[1]?._id).toBe('users:older')
+  })
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import type { Doc } from '../_generated/dataModel'
+
+type UserSearchResult = {
+  items: Doc<'users'>[]
+  total: number
+}
+
+type UserSearchMatch = {
+  user: Doc<'users'>
+  score: number
+}
+
+function normalizeCompact(value: string) {
+  return value.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z0-9]/g, '')
+}
+
+function toSearchText(value: unknown) {
+  return typeof value === 'string' ? value.toLowerCase() : ''
+}
+
+function scoreUser(user: Doc<'users'>, query: string, compactQuery: string) {
+  const handle = toSearchText(user.handle)
+  const name = toSearchText(user.name)
+  const displayName = toSearchText(user.displayName)
+  const email = toSearchText(user.email)
+  const id = String(user._id).toLowerCase()
+
+  let score = 0
+
+  if (id === query) score = Math.max(score, 100)
+  if (handle === query) score = Math.max(score, 96)
+  if (displayName === query || name === query) score = Math.max(score, 90)
+
+  if (handle.startsWith(query)) score = Math.max(score, 82)
+  if (displayName.startsWith(query) || name.startsWith(query)) score = Math.max(score, 72)
+
+  if (handle.includes(query)) score = Math.max(score, 62)
+  if (displayName.includes(query) || name.includes(query)) score = Math.max(score, 52)
+  if (email.includes(query)) score = Math.max(score, 42)
+  if (id.includes(query)) score = Math.max(score, 40)
+
+  if (compactQuery.length >= 2) {
+    const compactHandle = normalizeCompact(handle)
+    const compactName = normalizeCompact(displayName || name)
+    if (compactHandle === compactQuery) score = Math.max(score, 88)
+    if (compactHandle.includes(compactQuery)) score = Math.max(score, 58)
+    if (compactName.includes(compactQuery)) score = Math.max(score, 48)
+  }
+
+  return score
+}
+
+export function buildUserSearchResults(users: Doc<'users'>[], query?: string): UserSearchResult {
+  const trimmed = query?.trim() ?? ''
+  if (!trimmed) return { items: users, total: users.length }
+
+  const normalized = trimmed.toLowerCase()
+  const compactQuery = normalizeCompact(normalized)
+  const matches: UserSearchMatch[] = []
+
+  for (const user of users) {
+    const score = scoreUser(user, normalized, compactQuery)
+    if (score > 0) matches.push({ user, score })
+  }
+
+  matches.sort((a, b) => {
+    if (b.score !== a.score) return b.score - a.score
+    return b.user._creationTime - a.user._creationTime
+  })
+
+  return { items: matches.map((entry) => entry.user), total: matches.length }
+}
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ export function buildDiscordPayload(
          },
        ],
        footer: {
-          text: 'OpenClaw',
+          text: 'ClawHub',
        },
        timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
      },
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ export function buildSkillUrl(skill: WebhookSkillPayload, siteUrl: string) {
 function buildDescription(event: WebhookEvent, skill: WebhookSkillPayload) {
  const summary = (skill.summary ?? '').trim()
  if (summary) return truncate(summary, 200)
-  if (event === 'skill.highlighted') return 'Newly highlighted skill on OpenClaw.'
-  if (skill.version) return `New version v${skill.version} published on OpenClaw.`
-  return 'New skill published on OpenClaw.'
+  if (event === 'skill.highlighted') return 'Newly highlighted skill on ClawHub.'
+  if (skill.version) return `New version v${skill.version} published on ClawHub.`
+  return 'New skill published on ClawHub.'
 }

 function parseBoolean(value?: string) {
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+import { v } from 'convex/values'
+import { internal } from './_generated/api'
+import type { Doc, Id } from './_generated/dataModel'
+import { internalAction } from './_generated/server'
+import {
+  assembleCommentScamEvalUserMessage,
+  COMMENT_SCAM_EVALUATOR_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
+  COMMENT_SCAM_EVAL_MAX_OUTPUT_TOKENS,
+  getCommentScamEvalModel,
+  parseCommentScamEvalResponse,
+} from './lib/commentScamPrompt'
+import type { SkillEvalContext } from './lib/securityPrompt'
+import {
+  assembleEvalUserMessage,
+  detectInjectionPatterns,
+  getLlmEvalModel,
+  LLM_EVAL_MAX_OUTPUT_TOKENS,
+  parseLlmEvalResponse,
+  SECURITY_EVALUATOR_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
+} from './lib/securityPrompt'
+import { extractResponseText } from './lib/openaiResponse'
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function verdictToStatus(verdict: string): string {
+  switch (verdict) {
+    case 'benign':
+      return 'clean'
+    case 'malicious':
+      return 'malicious'
+    case 'suspicious':
+      return 'suspicious'
+    default:
+      return 'pending'
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Publish-time evaluation action
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export const evaluateWithLlm = internalAction({
+  args: {
+    versionId: v.id('skillVersions'),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const apiKey = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY
+    if (!apiKey) {
+      console.log('[llmEval] OPENAI_API_KEY not configured, skipping evaluation')
+      return
+    }
+
+    const model = getLlmEvalModel()
+
+    // Store error helper
+    const storeError = async (message: string) => {
+      console.error(`[llmEval] ${message}`)
+      await ctx.runMutation(internal.skills.updateVersionLlmAnalysisInternal, {
+        versionId: args.versionId,
+        llmAnalysis: {
+          status: 'error',
+          summary: message,
+          model,
+          checkedAt: Date.now(),
+        },
+      })
+    }
+
+    // 1. Fetch version
+    const version = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getVersionByIdInternal, {
+      versionId: args.versionId,
+    })) as Doc<'skillVersions'> | null
+
+    if (!version) {
+      await storeError(`Version ${args.versionId} not found`)
+      return
+    }
+
+    // 2. Fetch skill
+    const skill = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getSkillByIdInternal, {
+      skillId: version.skillId,
+    })) as Doc<'skills'> | null
+
+    if (!skill) {
+      await storeError(`Skill ${version.skillId} not found`)
+      return
+    }
+
+    // 3. Read SKILL.md content
+    const skillMdFile = version.files.find((f) => {
+      const lower = f.path.toLowerCase()
+      return lower === 'skill.md' || lower === 'skills.md'
+    })
+
+    let skillMdContent = ''
+    if (skillMdFile) {
+      const blob = await ctx.storage.get(skillMdFile.storageId as Id<'_storage'>)
+      if (blob) {
+        skillMdContent = await blob.text()
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!skillMdContent) {
+      await storeError('No SKILL.md content found')
+      return
+    }
+
+    // 4. Read all file contents
+    const fileContents: Array<{ path: string; content: string }> = []
+    for (const f of version.files) {
+      const lower = f.path.toLowerCase()
+      if (lower === 'skill.md' || lower === 'skills.md') continue
+      try {
+        const blob = await ctx.storage.get(f.storageId as Id<'_storage'>)
+        if (blob) {
+          fileContents.push({ path: f.path, content: await blob.text() })
+        }
+      } catch {
+        // Skip files that can't be read
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 5. Detect injection patterns across ALL content
+    const allContent = [skillMdContent, ...fileContents.map((f) => f.content)].join('\n')
+    const injectionSignals = detectInjectionPatterns(allContent)
+
+    // 6. Build eval context
+    const parsed = version.parsed as SkillEvalContext['parsed']
+    const fm = parsed.frontmatter ?? {}
+    const clawdisRecord = (parsed.clawdis ?? {}) as Record<string, unknown>
+    const clawdisLinks = (clawdisRecord.links ?? {}) as Record<string, unknown>
+
+    const evalCtx: SkillEvalContext = {
+      slug: skill.slug,
+      displayName: skill.displayName,
+      ownerUserId: String(skill.ownerUserId),
+      version: version.version,
+      createdAt: version.createdAt,
+      summary: (skill.summary as string | undefined) ?? undefined,
+      source: (fm.source as string | undefined) ?? undefined,
+      homepage:
+        (fm.homepage as string | undefined) ??
+        (clawdisRecord.homepage as string | undefined) ??
+        (clawdisLinks.homepage as string | undefined) ??
+        undefined,
+      parsed,
+      files: version.files.map((f) => ({ path: f.path, size: f.size })),
+      skillMdContent,
+      fileContents,
+      injectionSignals,
+    }
+
+    // 6. Assemble user message
+    const userMessage = assembleEvalUserMessage(evalCtx)
+
+    // 7. Call OpenAI Responses API (with retry for rate limits)
+    const MAX_RETRIES = 3
+    let raw: string | null = null
+    try {
+      const body = JSON.stringify({
+        model,
+        instructions: SECURITY_EVALUATOR_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
+        input: userMessage,
+        max_output_tokens: LLM_EVAL_MAX_OUTPUT_TOKENS,
+        text: {
+          format: {
+            type: 'json_object',
+          },
+        },
+      })
+
+      let response: Response | null = null
+      for (let attempt = 0; attempt <= MAX_RETRIES; attempt++) {
+        response = await fetch('https://api.openai.com/v1/responses', {
+          method: 'POST',
+          headers: {
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            Authorization: `Bearer ${apiKey}`,
+          },
+          body,
+        })
+
+        if (response.status === 429 || response.status >= 500) {
+          if (attempt < MAX_RETRIES) {
+            const delay = 2 ** attempt * 2000 + Math.random() * 1000
+            console.log(
+              `[llmEval] Rate limited (${response.status}), retrying in ${Math.round(delay)}ms (attempt ${attempt + 1}/${MAX_RETRIES})`,
+            )
+            await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, delay))
+            continue
+          }
+        }
+        break
+      }
+
+      if (!response || !response.ok) {
+        const errorText = response ? await response.text() : 'No response'
+        await storeError(`OpenAI API error (${response?.status}): ${errorText.slice(0, 200)}`)
+        return
+      }
+
+      const payload = (await response.json()) as unknown
+      raw = extractResponseText(payload)
+    } catch (error) {
+      await storeError(
+        `OpenAI API call failed: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+      )
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (!raw) {
+      await storeError('Empty response from OpenAI')
+      return
+    }
+
+    // 8. Parse response
+    const result = parseLlmEvalResponse(raw)
+
+    if (!result) {
+      console.error(`[llmEval] Raw response (first 500 chars): ${raw.slice(0, 500)}`)
+      await storeError('Failed to parse LLM evaluation response')
+      return
+    }
+
+    // 9. Store result
+    await ctx.runMutation(internal.skills.updateVersionLlmAnalysisInternal, {
+      versionId: args.versionId,
+      llmAnalysis: {
+        status: verdictToStatus(result.verdict),
+        verdict: result.verdict,
+        confidence: result.confidence,
+        summary: result.summary,
+        dimensions: result.dimensions,
+        guidance: result.guidance,
+        findings: result.findings || undefined,
+        model,
+        checkedAt: Date.now(),
+      },
+    })
+
+    console.log(
+      `[llmEval] Evaluated ${skill.slug}@${version.version}: ${result.verdict} (${result.confidence} confidence)`,
+    )
+
+    // Moderation visibility is finalized by VT results.
+    // LLM eval only stores analysis payload on the version.
+  },
+})
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Convenience: evaluate a single skill by slug (for testing / manual runs)
+// Usage: npx convex run llmEval:evaluateBySlug '{"slug": "transcribeexx"}'
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export const evaluateBySlug = internalAction({
+  args: {
+    slug: v.string(),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const skill = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getSkillBySlugInternal, {
+      slug: args.slug,
+    })) as Doc<'skills'> | null
+
+    if (!skill) {
+      console.error(`[llmEval:bySlug] Skill "${args.slug}" not found`)
+      return { error: 'Skill not found' }
+    }
+
+    if (!skill.latestVersionId) {
+      console.error(`[llmEval:bySlug] Skill "${args.slug}" has no published version`)
+      return { error: 'No published version' }
+    }
+
+    console.log(`[llmEval:bySlug] Evaluating ${args.slug} (versionId: ${skill.latestVersionId})`)
+
+    await ctx.scheduler.runAfter(0, internal.llmEval.evaluateWithLlm, {
+      versionId: skill.latestVersionId,
+    })
+
+    return { ok: true, slug: args.slug, versionId: skill.latestVersionId }
+  },
+})
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Backfill action (Phase 2)
+// Schedules individual evaluateWithLlm actions for each skill in the batch,
+// then self-schedules the next batch. Each eval runs as its own action
+// invocation so we don't hit Convex action timeouts.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export const backfillLlmEval = internalAction({
+  args: {
+    cursor: v.optional(v.number()),
+    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
+    accTotal: v.optional(v.number()),
+    accScheduled: v.optional(v.number()),
+    accSkipped: v.optional(v.number()),
+    startTime: v.optional(v.number()),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const startTime = args.startTime ?? Date.now()
+    const apiKey = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY
+    if (!apiKey) {
+      console.log('[llmEval:backfill] OPENAI_API_KEY not configured')
+      return { error: 'OPENAI_API_KEY not configured' }
+    }
+
+    const batchSize = args.batchSize ?? 25
+    const cursor = args.cursor ?? 0
+    let accTotal = args.accTotal ?? 0
+    let accScheduled = args.accScheduled ?? 0
+    let accSkipped = args.accSkipped ?? 0
+
+    const batch = await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getActiveSkillBatchForLlmBackfillInternal, {
+      cursor,
+      batchSize,
+    })
+
+    if (batch.skills.length === 0 && batch.done) {
+      console.log('[llmEval:backfill] No more skills to evaluate')
+      return { total: accTotal, scheduled: accScheduled, skipped: accSkipped }
+    }
+
+    console.log(
+      `[llmEval:backfill] Processing batch of ${batch.skills.length} skills (cursor=${cursor}, accumulated=${accTotal})`,
+    )
+
+    for (const { versionId, slug } of batch.skills) {
+      // Re-evaluate all (full file content reading upgrade)
+      const version = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getVersionByIdInternal, {
+        versionId,
+      })) as Doc<'skillVersions'> | null
+
+      if (!version) {
+        accSkipped++
+        continue
+      }
+
+      // Schedule each evaluation as a separate action invocation
+      await ctx.scheduler.runAfter(0, internal.llmEval.evaluateWithLlm, { versionId })
+      accScheduled++
+      console.log(`[llmEval:backfill] Scheduled eval for ${slug}`)
+    }
+
+    accTotal += batch.skills.length
+
+    if (!batch.done) {
+      // Delay the next batch slightly to avoid overwhelming the scheduler
+      // when all evals from this batch are also running
+      console.log(
+        `[llmEval:backfill] Scheduling next batch (cursor=${batch.nextCursor}, total so far=${accTotal})`,
+      )
+      await ctx.scheduler.runAfter(5_000, internal.llmEval.backfillLlmEval, {
+        cursor: batch.nextCursor,
+        batchSize,
+        accTotal,
+        accScheduled,
+        accSkipped,
+        startTime,
+      })
+      return { status: 'continuing', totalSoFar: accTotal }
+    }
+
+    const durationMs = Date.now() - startTime
+    const result = {
+      total: accTotal,
+      scheduled: accScheduled,
+      skipped: accSkipped,
+      durationMs,
+    }
+    console.log('[llmEval:backfill] Complete:', result)
+    return result
+  },
+})
+
+export const evaluateCommentForScam = internalAction({
+  args: {
+    commentId: v.id('comments'),
+    skillId: v.id('skills'),
+    userId: v.id('users'),
+    body: v.string(),
+  },
+  handler: async (_ctx, args) => {
+    const apiKey = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY
+    if (!apiKey) {
+      return { ok: false as const, error: 'OPENAI_API_KEY not configured' }
+    }
+
+    const model = getCommentScamEvalModel()
+    const input = assembleCommentScamEvalUserMessage({
+      commentId: String(args.commentId),
+      skillId: String(args.skillId),
+      userId: String(args.userId),
+      body: args.body,
+    })
+
+    const requestBody = JSON.stringify({
+      model,
+      instructions: COMMENT_SCAM_EVALUATOR_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
+      input,
+      max_output_tokens: COMMENT_SCAM_EVAL_MAX_OUTPUT_TOKENS,
+      text: {
+        format: {
+          type: 'json_object',
+        },
+      },
+    })
+
+    const MAX_RETRIES = 3
+    let response: Response | null = null
+    for (let attempt = 0; attempt <= MAX_RETRIES; attempt++) {
+      response = await fetch('https://api.openai.com/v1/responses', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: {
+          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+          Authorization: `Bearer ${apiKey}`,
+        },
+        body: requestBody,
+      })
+
+      if ((response.status === 429 || response.status >= 500) && attempt < MAX_RETRIES) {
+        const delay = 2 ** attempt * 2000 + Math.random() * 1000
+        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, delay))
+        continue
+      }
+      break
+    }
+
+    if (!response || !response.ok) {
+      const errorText = response ? await response.text() : 'No response'
+      return {
+        ok: false as const,
+        error: `OpenAI API error (${response?.status}): ${errorText.slice(0, 200)}`,
+      }
+    }
+
+    const payload = (await response.json()) as unknown
+    const raw = extractResponseText(payload)
+    if (!raw) {
+      return { ok: false as const, error: 'Empty response from OpenAI' }
+    }
+
+    const parsed = parseCommentScamEvalResponse(raw)
+    if (!parsed) {
+      console.error(`[commentScam] Parse failure for ${args.commentId}: ${raw.slice(0, 400)}`)
+      return { ok: false as const, error: 'Failed to parse scam evaluation response' }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      ok: true as const,
+      model,
+      verdict: parsed.verdict,
+      confidence: parsed.confidence,
+      explanation: parsed.explanation,
+      evidence: parsed.evidence,
+    }
+  },
+})
@@ -12,12 +12,35 @@ vi.mock('./_generated/api', () => ({
        'applySkillFingerprintBackfillPatchInternal',
      ),
      backfillSkillFingerprintsInternal: Symbol('backfillSkillFingerprintsInternal'),
+      getEmptySkillCleanupPageInternal: Symbol('getEmptySkillCleanupPageInternal'),
+      applyEmptySkillCleanupInternal: Symbol('applyEmptySkillCleanupInternal'),
+      nominateUserForEmptySkillSpamInternal: Symbol('nominateUserForEmptySkillSpamInternal'),
+      cleanupEmptySkillsInternal: Symbol('cleanupEmptySkillsInternal'),
+      nominateEmptySkillSpammersInternal: Symbol('nominateEmptySkillSpammersInternal'),
+    },
+    skills: {
+      getVersionByIdInternal: Symbol('skills.getVersionByIdInternal'),
+      getOwnerSkillActivityInternal: Symbol('skills.getOwnerSkillActivityInternal'),
+    },
+    users: {
+      getByIdInternal: Symbol('users.getByIdInternal'),
    },
  },
 }))

-const { backfillSkillFingerprintsInternalHandler, backfillSkillSummariesInternalHandler } =
-  await import('./maintenance')
+vi.mock('./lib/skillSummary', () => ({
+  generateSkillSummary: vi.fn(),
+}))
+
+const {
+  backfillSkillFingerprintsInternalHandler,
+  backfillSkillSummariesInternalHandler,
+  cleanupEmptySkillsInternalHandler,
+  nominateEmptySkillSpammersInternalHandler,
+  upsertSkillBadgeRecordInternal,
+} = await import('./maintenance')
+const { internal } = await import('./_generated/api')
+const { generateSkillSummary } = await import('./lib/skillSummary')

 function makeBlob(text: string) {
  return { text: () => Promise.resolve(text) } as unknown as Blob
@@ -30,6 +53,8 @@ describe('maintenance backfill', () => {
        {
          kind: 'ok',
          skillId: 'skills:1',
+          skillSlug: 'skill-1',
+          skillDisplayName: 'Skill 1',
          versionId: 'skillVersions:1',
          skillSummary: '>',
          versionParsed: { frontmatter: { description: '>' } },
@@ -73,6 +98,8 @@ describe('maintenance backfill', () => {
        {
          kind: 'ok',
          skillId: 'skills:1',
+          skillSlug: 'skill-1',
+          skillDisplayName: 'Skill 1',
          versionId: 'skillVersions:1',
          skillSummary: '>',
          versionParsed: { frontmatter: { description: '>' } },
@@ -102,6 +129,8 @@ describe('maintenance backfill', () => {
        {
          kind: 'ok',
          skillId: 'skills:1',
+          skillSlug: 'skill-1',
+          skillDisplayName: 'Skill 1',
          versionId: 'skillVersions:1',
          skillSummary: null,
          versionParsed: { frontmatter: {} },
@@ -123,6 +152,128 @@ describe('maintenance backfill', () => {
    expect(result.stats.missingStorageBlob).toBe(1)
    expect(runMutation).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
  })
+
+  it('fills empty summary via AI when useAi is enabled', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(generateSkillSummary).mockResolvedValue('AI generated summary.')
+
+    const runQuery = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      items: [
+        {
+          kind: 'ok',
+          skillId: 'skills:1',
+          skillSlug: 'ai-skill',
+          skillDisplayName: 'AI Skill',
+          versionId: 'skillVersions:1',
+          skillSummary: null,
+          versionParsed: { frontmatter: {} },
+          readmeStorageId: 'storage:1',
+        },
+      ],
+      cursor: null,
+      isDone: true,
+    })
+
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ ok: true })
+    const storageGet = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(makeBlob('# AI Skill\n\nUseful automation.'))
+
+    const result = await backfillSkillSummariesInternalHandler(
+      { runQuery, runMutation, storage: { get: storageGet } } as never,
+      { dryRun: false, batchSize: 10, maxBatches: 1, useAi: true },
+    )
+
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.stats.skillsPatched).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.stats.aiSummariesPatched).toBe(1)
+    expect(runMutation).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.anything(), {
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      versionId: 'skillVersions:1',
+      summary: 'AI generated summary.',
+      parsed: {
+        frontmatter: {},
+        metadata: undefined,
+        clawdis: undefined,
+      },
+    })
+  })
+})
+
+describe('maintenance badge denormalization', () => {
+  it('upserts table badge and keeps skill.badges in sync', async () => {
+    const unique = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null)
+    const query = vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
+      withIndex: () => ({ unique }),
+    })
+    const insert = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('skillBadges:1')
+    const get = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ _id: 'skills:1', badges: undefined })
+    const patch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined)
+
+    const ctx = {
+      db: {
+        query,
+        insert,
+        get,
+        patch,
+      },
+    } as never
+
+    const result = await (
+      upsertSkillBadgeRecordInternal as unknown as { _handler: Function }
+    )._handler(ctx, {
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      kind: 'highlighted',
+      byUserId: 'users:1',
+      at: 123,
+    })
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({ inserted: true })
+    expect(insert).toHaveBeenCalledWith('skillBadges', {
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      kind: 'highlighted',
+      byUserId: 'users:1',
+      at: 123,
+    })
+    expect(patch).toHaveBeenCalledWith('skills:1', {
+      badges: {
+        highlighted: { byUserId: 'users:1', at: 123 },
+      },
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('resyncs denormalized badge even when table record already exists', async () => {
+    const unique = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ _id: 'skillBadges:existing' })
+    const query = vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
+      withIndex: () => ({ unique }),
+    })
+    const insert = vi.fn()
+    const get = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ _id: 'skills:1', badges: {} })
+    const patch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined)
+
+    const ctx = {
+      db: {
+        query,
+        insert,
+        get,
+        patch,
+      },
+    } as never
+
+    const result = await (
+      upsertSkillBadgeRecordInternal as unknown as { _handler: Function }
+    )._handler(ctx, {
+      skillId: 'skills:1',
+      kind: 'official',
+      byUserId: 'users:2',
+      at: 456,
+    })
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({ inserted: false })
+    expect(insert).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(patch).toHaveBeenCalledWith('skills:1', {
+      badges: {
+        official: { byUserId: 'users:2', at: 456 },
+      },
+    })
+  })
 })

 describe('maintenance fingerprint backfill', () => {
@@ -268,3 +419,212 @@ describe('maintenance fingerprint backfill', () => {
    })
  })
 })
+
+describe('maintenance empty skill cleanup', () => {
+  it('dryRun detects empty skills and returns nominations', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn().mockImplementation(async (endpoint: unknown) => {
+      if (endpoint === internal.maintenance.getEmptySkillCleanupPageInternal) {
+        return {
+          items: [
+            {
+              skillId: 'skills:1',
+              slug: 'spam-skill',
+              ownerUserId: 'users:1',
+              latestVersionId: 'skillVersions:1',
+              softDeletedAt: undefined,
+              summary: 'Expert guidance for spam-skill.',
+            },
+          ],
+          cursor: null,
+          isDone: true,
+        }
+      }
+      if (endpoint === internal.skills.getVersionByIdInternal) {
+        return {
+          _id: 'skillVersions:1',
+          files: [{ path: 'SKILL.md', size: 120, storageId: 'storage:1' }],
+        }
+      }
+      if (endpoint === internal.users.getByIdInternal) {
+        return { _id: 'users:1', handle: 'spammer', _creationTime: Date.now() }
+      }
+      if (endpoint === internal.skills.getOwnerSkillActivityInternal) {
+        return []
+      }
+      throw new Error(`Unexpected endpoint: ${String(endpoint)}`)
+    })
+
+    const runMutation = vi.fn()
+    const storageGet = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockResolvedValue(
+        makeBlob(`# Demo\n- Step-by-step tutorials\n- Tips and techniques\n- Project ideas`),
+      )
+
+    const result = await cleanupEmptySkillsInternalHandler(
+      { runQuery, runMutation, storage: { get: storageGet } } as never,
+      { dryRun: true, batchSize: 10, maxBatches: 1, nominationThreshold: 1 },
+    )
+
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.isDone).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.cursor).toBeNull()
+    expect(result.stats.emptyDetected).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.stats.skillsDeleted).toBe(0)
+    expect(result.nominations).toEqual([
+      {
+        userId: 'users:1',
+        handle: 'spammer',
+        emptySkillCount: 1,
+        sampleSlugs: ['spam-skill'],
+      },
+    ])
+    expect(runMutation).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('apply mode deletes empty skills', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn().mockImplementation(async (endpoint: unknown) => {
+      if (endpoint === internal.maintenance.getEmptySkillCleanupPageInternal) {
+        return {
+          items: [
+            {
+              skillId: 'skills:1',
+              slug: 'spam-a',
+              ownerUserId: 'users:1',
+              latestVersionId: 'skillVersions:1',
+              summary: 'Expert guidance for spam-a.',
+            },
+            {
+              skillId: 'skills:2',
+              slug: 'spam-b',
+              ownerUserId: 'users:1',
+              latestVersionId: 'skillVersions:2',
+              summary: 'Expert guidance for spam-b.',
+            },
+          ],
+          cursor: null,
+          isDone: true,
+        }
+      }
+      if (endpoint === internal.skills.getVersionByIdInternal) {
+        return {
+          files: [{ path: 'SKILL.md', size: 120, storageId: 'storage:1' }],
+        }
+      }
+      if (endpoint === internal.users.getByIdInternal) {
+        return { _id: 'users:1', handle: 'spammer', _creationTime: Date.now() }
+      }
+      if (endpoint === internal.skills.getOwnerSkillActivityInternal) {
+        return []
+      }
+      throw new Error(`Unexpected endpoint: ${String(endpoint)}`)
+    })
+
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockImplementation(async (endpoint: unknown) => {
+      if (endpoint === internal.maintenance.applyEmptySkillCleanupInternal) {
+        return { deleted: true }
+      }
+      throw new Error(`Unexpected mutation endpoint: ${String(endpoint)}`)
+    })
+
+    const storageGet = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockResolvedValue(
+        makeBlob(`# Demo\n- Step-by-step tutorials\n- Tips and techniques\n- Project ideas`),
+      )
+
+    const result = await cleanupEmptySkillsInternalHandler(
+      { runQuery, runMutation, storage: { get: storageGet } } as never,
+      { dryRun: false, batchSize: 10, maxBatches: 1, nominationThreshold: 2 },
+    )
+
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.isDone).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.cursor).toBeNull()
+    expect(result.stats.emptyDetected).toBe(2)
+    expect(result.stats.skillsDeleted).toBe(2)
+    expect(result.nominations).toEqual([
+      {
+        userId: 'users:1',
+        handle: 'spammer',
+        emptySkillCount: 2,
+        sampleSlugs: ['spam-a', 'spam-b'],
+      },
+    ])
+  })
+})
+
+describe('maintenance empty skill nominations', () => {
+  it('creates ban nominations from backfilled empty deletions', async () => {
+    const runQuery = vi.fn().mockImplementation(async (endpoint: unknown, args: unknown) => {
+      if (endpoint === internal.maintenance.getEmptySkillCleanupPageInternal) {
+        const cursor = (args as { cursor?: string | undefined }).cursor
+        if (!cursor) {
+          return {
+            items: [
+              {
+                skillId: 'skills:1',
+                slug: 'spam-a',
+                ownerUserId: 'users:1',
+                softDeletedAt: 1,
+                moderationReason: 'quality.empty.backfill',
+              },
+              {
+                skillId: 'skills:2',
+                slug: 'spam-b',
+                ownerUserId: 'users:1',
+                softDeletedAt: 1,
+                moderationReason: 'quality.empty.backfill',
+              },
+            ],
+            cursor: 'next',
+            isDone: false,
+          }
+        }
+        return {
+          items: [
+            {
+              skillId: 'skills:3',
+              slug: 'valid-hidden',
+              ownerUserId: 'users:2',
+              softDeletedAt: 1,
+              moderationReason: 'scanner.vt.suspicious',
+            },
+          ],
+          cursor: null,
+          isDone: true,
+        }
+      }
+      if (endpoint === internal.users.getByIdInternal) {
+        return { _id: 'users:1', handle: 'spammer' }
+      }
+      throw new Error(`Unexpected query endpoint: ${String(endpoint)}`)
+    })
+
+    const runMutation = vi.fn().mockImplementation(async (endpoint: unknown) => {
+      if (endpoint === internal.maintenance.nominateUserForEmptySkillSpamInternal) {
+        return { created: true }
+      }
+      throw new Error(`Unexpected mutation endpoint: ${String(endpoint)}`)
+    })
+
+    const result = await nominateEmptySkillSpammersInternalHandler(
+      { runQuery, runMutation } as never,
+      { batchSize: 10, maxBatches: 2, nominationThreshold: 2 },
+    )
+
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.isDone).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.stats.usersFlagged).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.stats.nominationsCreated).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.stats.nominationsExisting).toBe(0)
+    expect(result.nominations).toEqual([
+      {
+        userId: 'users:1',
+        handle: 'spammer',
+        emptySkillCount: 2,
+        sampleSlugs: ['spam-a', 'spam-b'],
+      },
+    ])
+  })
+})
@@ -5,16 +5,26 @@ import type { ActionCtx } from './_generated/server'
 import { action, internalAction, internalMutation, internalQuery } from './_generated/server'
 import { assertRole, requireUserFromAction } from './lib/access'
 import { buildSkillSummaryBackfillPatch, type ParsedSkillData } from './lib/skillBackfill'
+import {
+  computeQualitySignals,
+  evaluateQuality,
+  getTrustTier,
+  type TrustTier,
+} from './lib/skillQuality'
+import { generateSkillSummary } from './lib/skillSummary'
 import { hashSkillFiles } from './lib/skills'

 const DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE = 50
 const MAX_BATCH_SIZE = 200
 const DEFAULT_MAX_BATCHES = 20
 const MAX_MAX_BATCHES = 200
+const DEFAULT_EMPTY_SKILL_MAX_README_BYTES = 8000
+const DEFAULT_EMPTY_SKILL_NOMINATION_THRESHOLD = 3

 type BackfillStats = {
  skillsScanned: number
  skillsPatched: number
+  aiSummariesPatched: number
  versionsPatched: number
  missingLatestVersion: number
  missingReadme: number
@@ -25,6 +35,8 @@ type BackfillPageItem =
  | {
      kind: 'ok'
      skillId: Id<'skills'>
+      skillSlug: string
+      skillDisplayName: string
      versionId: Id<'skillVersions'>
      skillSummary: Doc<'skills'>['summary']
      versionParsed: Doc<'skillVersions'>['parsed']
@@ -80,6 +92,8 @@ export const getSkillBackfillPageInternal = internalQuery({
      items.push({
        kind: 'ok',
        skillId: skill._id,
+        skillSlug: skill.slug,
+        skillDisplayName: skill.displayName,
        versionId: version._id,
        skillSummary: skill.summary,
        versionParsed: version.parsed,
@@ -120,28 +134,37 @@ export type BackfillActionArgs = {
  dryRun?: boolean
  batchSize?: number
  maxBatches?: number
+  useAi?: boolean
+  cursor?: string
 }

-export type BackfillActionResult = { ok: true; stats: BackfillStats }
+export type BackfillActionResult = {
+  ok: true
+  stats: BackfillStats
+  isDone: boolean
+  cursor: string | null
+}

 export async function backfillSkillSummariesInternalHandler(
  ctx: ActionCtx,
  args: BackfillActionArgs,
 ): Promise<BackfillActionResult> {
  const dryRun = Boolean(args.dryRun)
+  const useAi = Boolean(args.useAi)
  const batchSize = clampInt(args.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE, 1, MAX_BATCH_SIZE)
  const maxBatches = clampInt(args.maxBatches ?? DEFAULT_MAX_BATCHES, 1, MAX_MAX_BATCHES)

  const totals: BackfillStats = {
    skillsScanned: 0,
    skillsPatched: 0,
+    aiSummariesPatched: 0,
    versionsPatched: 0,
    missingLatestVersion: 0,
    missingReadme: 0,
    missingStorageBlob: 0,
  }

-  let cursor: string | null = null
+  let cursor: string | null = args.cursor ?? null
  let isDone = false

  for (let i = 0; i < maxBatches; i++) {
@@ -181,8 +204,24 @@ export async function backfillSkillSummariesInternalHandler(
        currentParsed: item.versionParsed as ParsedSkillData,
      })

-      if (!patch.summary && !patch.parsed) continue
-      if (patch.summary) totals.skillsPatched++
+      let nextSummary = patch.summary
+      const missingSummary = !item.skillSummary?.trim()
+      if (!nextSummary && useAi && missingSummary) {
+        nextSummary = await generateSkillSummary({
+          slug: item.skillSlug,
+          displayName: item.skillDisplayName,
+          readmeText,
+        })
+      }
+
+      const shouldPatchSummary =
+        typeof nextSummary === 'string' && nextSummary.trim() && nextSummary !== item.skillSummary
+
+      if (!shouldPatchSummary && !patch.parsed) continue
+      if (shouldPatchSummary) {
+        totals.skillsPatched++
+        if (!patch.summary) totals.aiSummariesPatched++
+      }
      if (patch.parsed) totals.versionsPatched++

      if (dryRun) continue
@@ -190,7 +229,7 @@ export async function backfillSkillSummariesInternalHandler(
      await ctx.runMutation(internal.maintenance.applySkillBackfillPatchInternal, {
        skillId: item.skillId,
        versionId: item.versionId,
-        summary: patch.summary,
+        summary: shouldPatchSummary ? nextSummary : undefined,
        parsed: patch.parsed,
      })
    }
@@ -198,11 +237,7 @@ export async function backfillSkillSummariesInternalHandler(
    if (isDone) break
  }

-  if (!isDone) {
-    throw new ConvexError('Backfill incomplete (maxBatches reached)')
-  }
-
-  return { ok: true as const, stats: totals }
+  return { ok: true as const, stats: totals, isDone, cursor }
 }

 export const backfillSkillSummariesInternal = internalAction({
@@ -210,6 +245,8 @@ export const backfillSkillSummariesInternal = internalAction({
    dryRun: v.optional(v.boolean()),
    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
    maxBatches: v.optional(v.number()),
+    useAi: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+    cursor: v.optional(v.string()),
  },
  handler: backfillSkillSummariesInternalHandler,
 })
@@ -219,6 +256,8 @@ export const backfillSkillSummaries: ReturnType<typeof action> = action({
    dryRun: v.optional(v.boolean()),
    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
    maxBatches: v.optional(v.number()),
+    useAi: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+    cursor: v.optional(v.string()),
  },
  handler: async (ctx, args): Promise<BackfillActionResult> => {
    const { user } = await requireUserFromAction(ctx)
@@ -231,7 +270,7 @@ export const backfillSkillSummaries: ReturnType<typeof action> = action({
 })

 export const scheduleBackfillSkillSummaries: ReturnType<typeof action> = action({
-  args: { dryRun: v.optional(v.boolean()) },
+  args: { dryRun: v.optional(v.boolean()), useAi: v.optional(v.boolean()) },
  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
    const { user } = await requireUserFromAction(ctx)
    assertRole(user, ['admin'])
@@ -239,11 +278,43 @@ export const scheduleBackfillSkillSummaries: ReturnType<typeof action> = action(
      dryRun: Boolean(args.dryRun),
      batchSize: DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,
      maxBatches: DEFAULT_MAX_BATCHES,
+      useAi: Boolean(args.useAi),
    })
    return { ok: true as const }
  },
 })

+export const continueSkillSummaryBackfillJobInternal = internalAction({
+  args: {
+    cursor: v.optional(v.string()),
+    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
+    useAi: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args): Promise<BackfillActionResult> => {
+    const result = await backfillSkillSummariesInternalHandler(ctx, {
+      dryRun: false,
+      cursor: args.cursor,
+      batchSize: args.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,
+      maxBatches: 1,
+      useAi: Boolean(args.useAi),
+    })
+
+    if (!result.isDone && result.cursor) {
+      await ctx.scheduler.runAfter(
+        0,
+        internal.maintenance.continueSkillSummaryBackfillJobInternal,
+        {
+          cursor: result.cursor,
+          batchSize: args.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,
+          useAi: Boolean(args.useAi),
+        },
+      )
+    }
+
+    return result
+  },
+})
+
 type FingerprintBackfillStats = {
  versionsScanned: number
  versionsPatched: number
@@ -571,17 +642,32 @@ export const upsertSkillBadgeRecordInternal = internalMutation({
    at: v.number(),
  },
  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const syncDenormalizedBadge = async () => {
+      const skill = await ctx.db.get(args.skillId)
+      if (!skill) return
+      await ctx.db.patch(args.skillId, {
+        badges: {
+          ...(skill.badges as Record<string, unknown> | undefined),
+          [args.kind]: { byUserId: args.byUserId, at: args.at },
+        },
+      })
+    }
+
    const existing = await ctx.db
      .query('skillBadges')
      .withIndex('by_skill_kind', (q) => q.eq('skillId', args.skillId).eq('kind', args.kind))
      .unique()
-    if (existing) return { inserted: false as const }
+    if (existing) {
+      await syncDenormalizedBadge()
+      return { inserted: false as const }
+    }
    await ctx.db.insert('skillBadges', {
      skillId: args.skillId,
      kind: args.kind,
      byUserId: args.byUserId,
      at: args.at,
    })
+    await syncDenormalizedBadge()
    return { inserted: true as const }
  },
 })
@@ -833,6 +919,616 @@ export const scheduleBackfillSkillBadgeTable: ReturnType<typeof action> = action
  },
 })

+type EmptySkillCleanupPageItem = {
+  skillId: Id<'skills'>
+  slug: string
+  ownerUserId: Id<'users'>
+  latestVersionId?: Id<'skillVersions'>
+  softDeletedAt?: number
+  moderationReason?: string
+  summary?: string
+}
+
+type EmptySkillCleanupPageResult = {
+  items: EmptySkillCleanupPageItem[]
+  cursor: string | null
+  isDone: boolean
+}
+
+type EmptySkillCleanupStats = {
+  skillsScanned: number
+  skillsEvaluated: number
+  emptyDetected: number
+  skillsDeleted: number
+  missingLatestVersion: number
+  missingVersionDoc: number
+  missingReadme: number
+  missingStorageBlob: number
+  skippedLargeReadme: number
+}
+
+type EmptySkillCleanupNomination = {
+  userId: Id<'users'>
+  handle: string | null
+  emptySkillCount: number
+  sampleSlugs: string[]
+}
+
+export type EmptySkillCleanupActionArgs = {
+  cursor?: string
+  dryRun?: boolean
+  batchSize?: number
+  maxBatches?: number
+  maxReadmeBytes?: number
+  nominationThreshold?: number
+}
+
+export type EmptySkillCleanupActionResult = {
+  ok: true
+  cursor: string | null
+  isDone: boolean
+  stats: EmptySkillCleanupStats
+  nominations: EmptySkillCleanupNomination[]
+}
+
+export const getEmptySkillCleanupPageInternal = internalQuery({
+  args: {
+    cursor: v.optional(v.string()),
+    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args): Promise<EmptySkillCleanupPageResult> => {
+    const batchSize = clampInt(args.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE, 1, MAX_BATCH_SIZE)
+    const { page, isDone, continueCursor } = await ctx.db
+      .query('skills')
+      .order('asc')
+      .paginate({ cursor: args.cursor ?? null, numItems: batchSize })
+
+    return {
+      items: page.map((skill) => ({
+        skillId: skill._id,
+        slug: skill.slug,
+        ownerUserId: skill.ownerUserId,
+        latestVersionId: skill.latestVersionId,
+        softDeletedAt: skill.softDeletedAt,
+        moderationReason: skill.moderationReason,
+        summary: skill.summary,
+      })),
+      cursor: continueCursor,
+      isDone,
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+export const applyEmptySkillCleanupInternal = internalMutation({
+  args: {
+    skillId: v.id('skills'),
+    reason: v.string(),
+    quality: v.object({
+      score: v.number(),
+      trustTier: v.union(v.literal('low'), v.literal('medium'), v.literal('trusted')),
+      signals: v.object({
+        bodyChars: v.number(),
+        bodyWords: v.number(),
+        uniqueWordRatio: v.number(),
+        headingCount: v.number(),
+        bulletCount: v.number(),
+        templateMarkerHits: v.number(),
+        genericSummary: v.boolean(),
+        cjkChars: v.optional(v.number()),
+      }),
+    }),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const skill = await ctx.db.get(args.skillId)
+    if (!skill) return { deleted: false as const, reason: 'missing_skill' as const }
+    if (skill.softDeletedAt) return { deleted: false as const, reason: 'already_deleted' as const }
+
+    const now = Date.now()
+    await ctx.db.patch(skill._id, {
+      softDeletedAt: now,
+      moderationStatus: 'hidden',
+      moderationReason: 'quality.empty.backfill',
+      moderationNotes: args.reason,
+      quality: {
+        score: args.quality.score,
+        decision: 'reject',
+        trustTier: args.quality.trustTier,
+        similarRecentCount: 0,
+        reason: args.reason,
+        signals: args.quality.signals,
+        evaluatedAt: now,
+      },
+      updatedAt: now,
+    })
+
+    await ctx.db.insert('auditLogs', {
+      actorUserId: skill.ownerUserId,
+      action: 'skill.delete.empty.backfill',
+      targetType: 'skill',
+      targetId: skill._id,
+      metadata: {
+        slug: skill.slug,
+        score: args.quality.score,
+        trustTier: args.quality.trustTier,
+        signals: args.quality.signals,
+      },
+      createdAt: now,
+    })
+
+    return {
+      deleted: true as const,
+      ownerUserId: skill.ownerUserId,
+      slug: skill.slug,
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+export const nominateUserForEmptySkillSpamInternal = internalMutation({
+  args: {
+    userId: v.id('users'),
+    emptySkillCount: v.number(),
+    sampleSlugs: v.array(v.string()),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const existing = await ctx.db
+      .query('auditLogs')
+      .withIndex('by_target', (q) => q.eq('targetType', 'user').eq('targetId', args.userId))
+      .filter((q) => q.eq(q.field('action'), 'user.ban.nomination.empty-skill-spam'))
+      .first()
+    if (existing) return { created: false as const }
+
+    const now = Date.now()
+    await ctx.db.insert('auditLogs', {
+      actorUserId: args.userId,
+      action: 'user.ban.nomination.empty-skill-spam',
+      targetType: 'user',
+      targetId: args.userId,
+      metadata: {
+        emptySkillCount: args.emptySkillCount,
+        sampleSlugs: args.sampleSlugs.slice(0, 10),
+      },
+      createdAt: now,
+    })
+
+    return { created: true as const }
+  },
+})
+
+export async function cleanupEmptySkillsInternalHandler(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+  args: EmptySkillCleanupActionArgs,
+): Promise<EmptySkillCleanupActionResult> {
+  const dryRun = args.dryRun !== false
+  const batchSize = clampInt(args.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE, 1, MAX_BATCH_SIZE)
+  const maxBatches = clampInt(args.maxBatches ?? DEFAULT_MAX_BATCHES, 1, MAX_MAX_BATCHES)
+  const maxReadmeBytes = clampInt(
+    args.maxReadmeBytes ?? DEFAULT_EMPTY_SKILL_MAX_README_BYTES,
+    256,
+    65536,
+  )
+  const nominationThreshold = clampInt(
+    args.nominationThreshold ?? DEFAULT_EMPTY_SKILL_NOMINATION_THRESHOLD,
+    1,
+    100,
+  )
+
+  const totals: EmptySkillCleanupStats = {
+    skillsScanned: 0,
+    skillsEvaluated: 0,
+    emptyDetected: 0,
+    skillsDeleted: 0,
+    missingLatestVersion: 0,
+    missingVersionDoc: 0,
+    missingReadme: 0,
+    missingStorageBlob: 0,
+    skippedLargeReadme: 0,
+  }
+
+  const ownerTrustCache = new Map<string, { trustTier: TrustTier; handle: string | null }>()
+  const emptyByOwner = new Map<string, EmptySkillCleanupNomination>()
+
+  let cursor: string | null = args.cursor ?? null
+  let isDone = false
+  const now = Date.now()
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < maxBatches; i++) {
+    const page = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.maintenance.getEmptySkillCleanupPageInternal, {
+      cursor: cursor ?? undefined,
+      batchSize,
+    })) as EmptySkillCleanupPageResult
+
+    cursor = page.cursor
+    isDone = page.isDone
+
+    for (const item of page.items) {
+      totals.skillsScanned++
+      if (item.softDeletedAt) continue
+
+      if (!item.latestVersionId) {
+        totals.missingLatestVersion++
+        continue
+      }
+
+      const version = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getVersionByIdInternal, {
+        versionId: item.latestVersionId,
+      })) as Doc<'skillVersions'> | null
+      if (!version) {
+        totals.missingVersionDoc++
+        continue
+      }
+
+      const readmeFile = version.files.find((file) => {
+        const lower = file.path.toLowerCase()
+        return lower === 'skill.md' || lower === 'skills.md'
+      })
+      if (!readmeFile) {
+        totals.missingReadme++
+        continue
+      }
+
+      if (readmeFile.size > maxReadmeBytes) {
+        totals.skippedLargeReadme++
+        continue
+      }
+
+      const blob = await ctx.storage.get(readmeFile.storageId)
+      if (!blob) {
+        totals.missingStorageBlob++
+        continue
+      }
+      const readmeText = await blob.text()
+      totals.skillsEvaluated++
+
+      const ownerKey = String(item.ownerUserId)
+      let ownerTrust = ownerTrustCache.get(ownerKey)
+      if (!ownerTrust) {
+        const owner = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.users.getByIdInternal, {
+          userId: item.ownerUserId,
+        })) as Doc<'users'> | null
+        const ownerActivity = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.skills.getOwnerSkillActivityInternal, {
+          ownerUserId: item.ownerUserId,
+          limit: 60,
+        })) as Array<{
+          slug: string
+          summary?: string
+          createdAt: number
+          latestVersionId?: Id<'skillVersions'>
+        }>
+
+        const ownerCreatedAt = owner?.createdAt ?? owner?._creationTime ?? now
+        ownerTrust = {
+          trustTier: getTrustTier(now - ownerCreatedAt, ownerActivity.length),
+          handle: owner?.handle ?? null,
+        }
+        ownerTrustCache.set(ownerKey, ownerTrust)
+      }
+
+      const qualitySignals = computeQualitySignals({
+        readmeText,
+        summary: item.summary ?? undefined,
+      })
+      const quality = evaluateQuality({
+        signals: qualitySignals,
+        trustTier: ownerTrust.trustTier,
+        similarRecentCount: 0,
+      })
+      if (quality.decision !== 'reject') continue
+
+      totals.emptyDetected++
+
+      const nomination = emptyByOwner.get(ownerKey) ?? {
+        userId: item.ownerUserId,
+        handle: ownerTrust.handle,
+        emptySkillCount: 0,
+        sampleSlugs: [],
+      }
+      nomination.emptySkillCount += 1
+      if (nomination.sampleSlugs.length < 10 && !nomination.sampleSlugs.includes(item.slug)) {
+        nomination.sampleSlugs.push(item.slug)
+      }
+      emptyByOwner.set(ownerKey, nomination)
+
+      if (dryRun) continue
+
+      const result = await ctx.runMutation(internal.maintenance.applyEmptySkillCleanupInternal, {
+        skillId: item.skillId,
+        reason: quality.reason,
+        quality: {
+          score: quality.score,
+          trustTier: quality.trustTier,
+          signals: quality.signals,
+        },
+      })
+      if (result.deleted) totals.skillsDeleted++
+    }
+
+    if (isDone) break
+  }
+
+  const nominations = Array.from(emptyByOwner.values())
+    .filter((entry) => entry.emptySkillCount >= nominationThreshold)
+    .sort((a, b) => b.emptySkillCount - a.emptySkillCount)
+
+  return {
+    ok: true as const,
+    cursor,
+    isDone,
+    stats: totals,
+    nominations: nominations.slice(0, 200),
+  }
+}
+
+export const cleanupEmptySkillsInternal = internalAction({
+  args: {
+    cursor: v.optional(v.string()),
+    dryRun: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
+    maxBatches: v.optional(v.number()),
+    maxReadmeBytes: v.optional(v.number()),
+    nominationThreshold: v.optional(v.number()),
+  },
+  handler: cleanupEmptySkillsInternalHandler,
+})
+
+export const cleanupEmptySkills: ReturnType<typeof action> = action({
+  args: {
+    cursor: v.optional(v.string()),
+    dryRun: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
+    maxBatches: v.optional(v.number()),
+    maxReadmeBytes: v.optional(v.number()),
+    nominationThreshold: v.optional(v.number()),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args): Promise<EmptySkillCleanupActionResult> => {
+    const { user } = await requireUserFromAction(ctx)
+    assertRole(user, ['admin'])
+    return ctx.runAction(internal.maintenance.cleanupEmptySkillsInternal, args)
+  },
+})
+
+type EmptySkillBanNominationStats = {
+  skillsScanned: number
+  usersFlagged: number
+  nominationsCreated: number
+  nominationsExisting: number
+}
+
+export type EmptySkillBanNominationActionArgs = {
+  cursor?: string
+  batchSize?: number
+  maxBatches?: number
+  nominationThreshold?: number
+}
+
+export type EmptySkillBanNominationActionResult = {
+  ok: true
+  cursor: string | null
+  isDone: boolean
+  stats: EmptySkillBanNominationStats
+  nominations: EmptySkillCleanupNomination[]
+}
+
+export async function nominateEmptySkillSpammersInternalHandler(
+  ctx: ActionCtx,
+  args: EmptySkillBanNominationActionArgs,
+): Promise<EmptySkillBanNominationActionResult> {
+  const batchSize = clampInt(args.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE, 1, MAX_BATCH_SIZE)
+  const maxBatches = clampInt(args.maxBatches ?? DEFAULT_MAX_BATCHES, 1, MAX_MAX_BATCHES)
+  const nominationThreshold = clampInt(
+    args.nominationThreshold ?? DEFAULT_EMPTY_SKILL_NOMINATION_THRESHOLD,
+    1,
+    100,
+  )
+
+  const totals: EmptySkillBanNominationStats = {
+    skillsScanned: 0,
+    usersFlagged: 0,
+    nominationsCreated: 0,
+    nominationsExisting: 0,
+  }
+
+  const ownerHandleCache = new Map<string, string | null>()
+  const emptyByOwner = new Map<string, EmptySkillCleanupNomination>()
+
+  let cursor: string | null = args.cursor ?? null
+  let isDone = false
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < maxBatches; i++) {
+    const page = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.maintenance.getEmptySkillCleanupPageInternal, {
+      cursor: cursor ?? undefined,
+      batchSize,
+    })) as EmptySkillCleanupPageResult
+
+    cursor = page.cursor
+    isDone = page.isDone
+
+    for (const item of page.items) {
+      totals.skillsScanned++
+      if (!item.softDeletedAt) continue
+      if (item.moderationReason !== 'quality.empty.backfill') continue
+
+      const ownerKey = String(item.ownerUserId)
+      let handle = ownerHandleCache.get(ownerKey)
+      if (handle === undefined) {
+        const owner = (await ctx.runQuery(internal.users.getByIdInternal, {
+          userId: item.ownerUserId,
+        })) as Doc<'users'> | null
+        handle = owner?.handle ?? null
+        ownerHandleCache.set(ownerKey, handle)
+      }
+
+      const nomination = emptyByOwner.get(ownerKey) ?? {
+        userId: item.ownerUserId,
+        handle,
+        emptySkillCount: 0,
+        sampleSlugs: [],
+      }
+      nomination.emptySkillCount += 1
+      if (nomination.sampleSlugs.length < 10 && !nomination.sampleSlugs.includes(item.slug)) {
+        nomination.sampleSlugs.push(item.slug)
+      }
+      emptyByOwner.set(ownerKey, nomination)
+    }
+
+    if (isDone) break
+  }
+
+  const nominations = Array.from(emptyByOwner.values())
+    .filter((entry) => entry.emptySkillCount >= nominationThreshold)
+    .sort((a, b) => b.emptySkillCount - a.emptySkillCount)
+  totals.usersFlagged = nominations.length
+
+  if (isDone) {
+    for (const nomination of nominations) {
+      const result = await ctx.runMutation(
+        internal.maintenance.nominateUserForEmptySkillSpamInternal,
+        {
+          userId: nomination.userId,
+          emptySkillCount: nomination.emptySkillCount,
+          sampleSlugs: nomination.sampleSlugs,
+        },
+      )
+      if (result.created) totals.nominationsCreated++
+      else totals.nominationsExisting++
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    ok: true as const,
+    cursor,
+    isDone,
+    stats: totals,
+    nominations: nominations.slice(0, 200),
+  }
+}
+
+export const nominateEmptySkillSpammersInternal = internalAction({
+  args: {
+    cursor: v.optional(v.string()),
+    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
+    maxBatches: v.optional(v.number()),
+    nominationThreshold: v.optional(v.number()),
+  },
+  handler: nominateEmptySkillSpammersInternalHandler,
+})
+
+export const nominateEmptySkillSpammers: ReturnType<typeof action> = action({
+  args: {
+    cursor: v.optional(v.string()),
+    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
+    maxBatches: v.optional(v.number()),
+    nominationThreshold: v.optional(v.number()),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args): Promise<EmptySkillBanNominationActionResult> => {
+    const { user } = await requireUserFromAction(ctx)
+    assertRole(user, ['admin'])
+    return ctx.runAction(internal.maintenance.nominateEmptySkillSpammersInternal, args)
+  },
+})
+
+// Backfill embeddingSkillMap from existing skillEmbeddings.
+// Run once after deploying the schema change:
+//   npx convex run maintenance:backfillEmbeddingSkillMapInternal --prod
+export const backfillEmbeddingSkillMapInternal = internalMutation({
+  args: {
+    cursor: v.optional(v.string()),
+    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const batchSize = clampInt(args.batchSize ?? 200, 10, 500)
+    const { page, continueCursor, isDone } = await ctx.db
+      .query('skillEmbeddings')
+      .paginate({ cursor: args.cursor ?? null, numItems: batchSize })
+
+    let inserted = 0
+    for (const embedding of page) {
+      const existing = await ctx.db
+        .query('embeddingSkillMap')
+        .withIndex('by_embedding', (q) => q.eq('embeddingId', embedding._id))
+        .unique()
+      if (!existing) {
+        await ctx.db.insert('embeddingSkillMap', {
+          embeddingId: embedding._id,
+          skillId: embedding.skillId,
+        })
+        inserted++
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!isDone) {
+      await ctx.scheduler.runAfter(0, internal.maintenance.backfillEmbeddingSkillMapInternal, {
+        cursor: continueCursor,
+        batchSize: args.batchSize,
+      })
+    }
+
+    return { inserted, isDone, scanned: page.length }
+  },
+})
+
+// Sync skillBadges table → denormalized skill.badges field.
+// Run after deploying the badge-read removal to ensure all skills
+// have up-to-date badges on the skill doc itself.
+export const backfillDenormalizedBadgesInternal = internalMutation({
+  args: {
+    cursor: v.optional(v.string()),
+    batchSize: v.optional(v.number()),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const batchSize = clampInt(args.batchSize ?? 100, 10, 200)
+    const { page, continueCursor, isDone } = await ctx.db
+      .query('skills')
+      .paginate({ cursor: args.cursor ?? null, numItems: batchSize })
+
+    let patched = 0
+    for (const skill of page) {
+      const records = await ctx.db
+        .query('skillBadges')
+        .withIndex('by_skill', (q) => q.eq('skillId', skill._id))
+        .take(10)
+
+      // Build canonical badge map from the table
+      const canonical: Record<string, { byUserId: Id<'users'>; at: number }> = {}
+      for (const r of records) {
+        canonical[r.kind] = { byUserId: r.byUserId, at: r.at }
+      }
+
+      // Compare with existing denormalized badges (keys + values)
+      const existing = (skill.badges ?? {}) as Record<
+        string,
+        { byUserId?: Id<'users'>; at?: number } | undefined
+      >
+      const canonicalKeys = Object.keys(canonical)
+      const existingKeys = Object.keys(existing).filter((k) => existing[k] !== undefined)
+      const needsPatch =
+        canonicalKeys.length !== existingKeys.length ||
+        canonicalKeys.some((k) => {
+          const current = existing[k]
+          const next = canonical[k]
+          return (
+            !current ||
+            current.byUserId !== next.byUserId ||
+            current.at !== next.at
+          )
+        })
+
+      if (needsPatch) {
+        await ctx.db.patch(skill._id, { badges: canonical })
+        patched++
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!isDone) {
+      await ctx.scheduler.runAfter(0, internal.maintenance.backfillDenormalizedBadgesInternal, {
+        cursor: continueCursor,
+        batchSize: args.batchSize,
+      })
+    }
+
+    return { patched, isDone, scanned: page.length }
+  },
+})
+
 function clampInt(value: number, min: number, max: number) {
  const rounded = Math.trunc(value)
  if (!Number.isFinite(rounded)) return min
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import { v } from 'convex/values'
-import { internalMutation } from './_generated/server'
+import { internalMutation, internalQuery } from './_generated/server'

-export const checkRateLimitInternal = internalMutation({
+/**
+ * Read-only rate limit check. Returns current status without writing anything.
+ * This eliminates write conflicts for denied requests entirely.
+ */
+export const getRateLimitStatusInternal = internalQuery({
  args: {
    key: v.string(),
    limit: v.number(),
@@ -20,6 +24,43 @@ export const checkRateLimitInternal = internalMutation({
      .withIndex('by_key_window', (q) => q.eq('key', args.key).eq('windowStart', windowStart))
      .unique()

+    const count = existing?.count ?? 0
+    const allowed = count < args.limit
+    return {
+      allowed,
+      remaining: Math.max(0, args.limit - count),
+      limit: args.limit,
+      resetAt,
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+/**
+ * Consume one rate limit token. Only call this after getRateLimitStatusInternal
+ * returns allowed=true. Includes a double-check to handle races between the
+ * query and this mutation.
+ */
+export const consumeRateLimitInternal = internalMutation({
+  args: {
+    key: v.string(),
+    limit: v.number(),
+    windowMs: v.number(),
+  },
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const now = Date.now()
+    const windowStart = Math.floor(now / args.windowMs) * args.windowMs
+
+    const existing = await ctx.db
+      .query('rateLimits')
+      .withIndex('by_key_window', (q) => q.eq('key', args.key).eq('windowStart', windowStart))
+      .unique()
+
+    // Double-check: another request may have consumed the last token
+    // between our query and this mutation
+    if (existing && existing.count >= args.limit) {
+      return { allowed: false, remaining: 0 }
+    }
+
    if (!existing) {
      await ctx.db.insert('rateLimits', {
        key: args.key,
@@ -28,11 +69,7 @@ export const checkRateLimitInternal = internalMutation({
        limit: args.limit,
        updatedAt: now,
      })
-      return { allowed: true, remaining: Math.max(0, args.limit - 1), limit: args.limit, resetAt }
-    }
-
-    if (existing.count >= args.limit) {
-      return { allowed: false, remaining: 0, limit: args.limit, resetAt }
+      return { allowed: true, remaining: Math.max(0, args.limit - 1) }
    }

    await ctx.db.patch(existing._id, {
@@ -43,8 +80,6 @@ export const checkRateLimitInternal = internalMutation({
    return {
      allowed: true,
      remaining: Math.max(0, args.limit - existing.count - 1),
-      limit: args.limit,
-      resetAt,
    }
  },
 })
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ import { defineSchema, defineTable } from 'convex/server'
 import { v } from 'convex/values'
 import { EMBEDDING_DIMENSIONS } from './lib/embeddings'

-const authSchema = authTables as unknown as Record<string, ReturnType<typeof defineTable>>
-
 const users = defineTable({
  name: v.optional(v.string()),
  image: v.optional(v.string()),
@@ -17,7 +15,14 @@ const users = defineTable({
  displayName: v.optional(v.string()),
  bio: v.optional(v.string()),
  role: v.optional(v.union(v.literal('admin'), v.literal('moderator'), v.literal('user'))),
+  githubCreatedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
+  githubFetchedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
+  githubProfileSyncedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
+  trustedPublisher: v.optional(v.boolean()),
+  deactivatedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
+  purgedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
  deletedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
+  banReason: v.optional(v.string()),
  createdAt: v.optional(v.number()),
  updatedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
 })
@@ -29,6 +34,7 @@ const skills = defineTable({
  slug: v.string(),
  displayName: v.string(),
  summary: v.optional(v.string()),
+  resourceId: v.optional(v.string()),
  ownerUserId: v.id('users'),
  canonicalSkillId: v.optional(v.id('skills')),
  forkOf: v.optional(
@@ -42,39 +48,64 @@ const skills = defineTable({
  latestVersionId: v.optional(v.id('skillVersions')),
  tags: v.record(v.string(), v.id('skillVersions')),
  softDeletedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
-  badges: v.object({
-    redactionApproved: v.optional(
-      v.object({
-        byUserId: v.id('users'),
-        at: v.number(),
-      }),
-    ),
-    highlighted: v.optional(
-      v.object({
-        byUserId: v.id('users'),
-        at: v.number(),
-      }),
-    ),
-    official: v.optional(
-      v.object({
-        byUserId: v.id('users'),
-        at: v.number(),
-      }),
-    ),
-    deprecated: v.optional(
-      v.object({
-        byUserId: v.id('users'),
-        at: v.number(),
-      }),
-    ),
-  }),
+  badges: v.optional(
+    v.object({
+      redactionApproved: v.optional(
+        v.object({
+          byUserId: v.id('users'),
+          at: v.number(),
+        }),
+      ),
+      highlighted: v.optional(
+        v.object({
+          byUserId: v.id('users'),
+          at: v.number(),
+        }),
+      ),
+      official: v.optional(
+        v.object({
+          byUserId: v.id('users'),
+          at: v.number(),
+        }),
+      ),
+      deprecated: v.optional(
+        v.object({
+          byUserId: v.id('users'),
+          at: v.number(),
+        }),
+      ),
+    }),
+  ),
  moderationStatus: v.optional(
    v.union(v.literal('active'), v.literal('hidden'), v.literal('removed')),
  ),
  moderationNotes: v.optional(v.string()),
  moderationReason: v.optional(v.string()),
+  quality: v.optional(
+    v.object({
+      score: v.number(),
+      decision: v.union(v.literal('pass'), v.literal('quarantine'), v.literal('reject')),
+      trustTier: v.union(v.literal('low'), v.literal('medium'), v.literal('trusted')),
+      similarRecentCount: v.number(),
+      reason: v.string(),
+      signals: v.object({
+        bodyChars: v.number(),
+        bodyWords: v.number(),
+        uniqueWordRatio: v.number(),
+        headingCount: v.number(),
+        bulletCount: v.number(),
+        templateMarkerHits: v.number(),
+        genericSummary: v.boolean(),
+        cjkChars: v.optional(v.number()),
+      }),
+      evaluatedAt: v.number(),
+    }),
+  ),
  moderationFlags: v.optional(v.array(v.string())),
  lastReviewedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
+  // VT scan tracking
+  scanLastCheckedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
+  scanCheckCount: v.optional(v.number()),
  hiddenAt: v.optional(v.number()),
  hiddenBy: v.optional(v.id('users')),
  reportCount: v.optional(v.number()),
@@ -104,6 +135,17 @@ const skills = defineTable({
  .index('by_stats_installs_all_time', ['statsInstallsAllTime', 'updatedAt'])
  .index('by_batch', ['batch'])
  .index('by_active_updated', ['softDeletedAt', 'updatedAt'])
+  .index('by_active_created', ['softDeletedAt', 'createdAt'])
+  .index('by_active_name', ['softDeletedAt', 'displayName'])
+  .index('by_active_stats_downloads', ['softDeletedAt', 'statsDownloads', 'updatedAt'])
+  .index('by_active_stats_stars', ['softDeletedAt', 'statsStars', 'updatedAt'])
+  .index('by_active_stats_installs_all_time', [
+    'softDeletedAt',
+    'statsInstallsAllTime',
+    'updatedAt',
+  ])
+  .index('by_canonical', ['canonicalSkillId'])
+  .index('by_fork_of', ['forkOf.skillId'])

 const souls = defineTable({
  slug: v.string(),
@@ -150,9 +192,42 @@ const skillVersions = defineTable({
  createdBy: v.id('users'),
  createdAt: v.number(),
  softDeletedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
+  sha256hash: v.optional(v.string()),
+  vtAnalysis: v.optional(
+    v.object({
+      status: v.string(),
+      verdict: v.optional(v.string()),
+      analysis: v.optional(v.string()),
+      source: v.optional(v.string()),
+      checkedAt: v.number(),
+    }),
+  ),
+  llmAnalysis: v.optional(
+    v.object({
+      status: v.string(),
+      verdict: v.optional(v.string()),
+      confidence: v.optional(v.string()),
+      summary: v.optional(v.string()),
+      dimensions: v.optional(
+        v.array(
+          v.object({
+            name: v.string(),
+            label: v.string(),
+            rating: v.string(),
+            detail: v.string(),
+          }),
+        ),
+      ),
+      guidance: v.optional(v.string()),
+      findings: v.optional(v.string()),
+      model: v.optional(v.string()),
+      checkedAt: v.number(),
+    }),
+  ),
 })
  .index('by_skill', ['skillId'])
  .index('by_skill_version', ['skillId', 'version'])
+  .index('by_sha256hash', ['sha256hash'])

 const soulVersions = defineTable({
  soulId: v.id('souls'),
@@ -235,6 +310,14 @@ const skillEmbeddings = defineTable({
    filterFields: ['visibility'],
  })

+// Lightweight lookup: embeddingId → skillId (~100 bytes per doc).
+// Avoids reading full skillEmbeddings docs (~12KB each with vector)
+// during search hydration.
+const embeddingSkillMap = defineTable({
+  embeddingId: v.id('skillEmbeddings'),
+  skillId: v.id('skills'),
+}).index('by_embedding', ['embeddingId'])
+
 const skillDailyStats = defineTable({
  skillId: v.id('skills'),
  day: v.number(),
@@ -267,12 +350,20 @@ const skillStatBackfillState = defineTable({
  updatedAt: v.number(),
 }).index('by_key', ['key'])

+const globalStats = defineTable({
+  key: v.string(),
+  activeSkillsCount: v.number(),
+  updatedAt: v.number(),
+}).index('by_key', ['key'])
+
 const skillStatEvents = defineTable({
  skillId: v.id('skills'),
  kind: v.union(
    v.literal('download'),
    v.literal('star'),
    v.literal('unstar'),
+    v.literal('comment'),
+    v.literal('uncomment'),
    v.literal('install_new'),
    v.literal('install_reactivate'),
    v.literal('install_deactivate'),
@@ -318,12 +409,37 @@ const comments = defineTable({
  skillId: v.id('skills'),
  userId: v.id('users'),
  body: v.string(),
+  reportCount: v.optional(v.number()),
+  lastReportedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
+  scamScanVerdict: v.optional(
+    v.union(v.literal('not_scam'), v.literal('likely_scam'), v.literal('certain_scam')),
+  ),
+  scamScanConfidence: v.optional(v.union(v.literal('low'), v.literal('medium'), v.literal('high'))),
+  scamScanExplanation: v.optional(v.string()),
+  scamScanEvidence: v.optional(v.array(v.string())),
+  scamScanModel: v.optional(v.string()),
+  scamScanCheckedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
+  scamBanTriggeredAt: v.optional(v.number()),
  createdAt: v.number(),
  softDeletedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
  deletedBy: v.optional(v.id('users')),
 })
  .index('by_skill', ['skillId'])
  .index('by_user', ['userId'])
+  .index('by_scam_scan_checked', ['scamScanCheckedAt'])
+
+const commentReports = defineTable({
+  commentId: v.id('comments'),
+  skillId: v.id('skills'),
+  userId: v.id('users'),
+  reason: v.optional(v.string()),
+  createdAt: v.number(),
+})
+  .index('by_comment', ['commentId'])
+  .index('by_comment_createdAt', ['commentId', 'createdAt'])
+  .index('by_skill', ['skillId'])
+  .index('by_user', ['userId'])
+  .index('by_comment_user', ['commentId', 'userId'])

 const skillReports = defineTable({
  skillId: v.id('skills'),
@@ -332,6 +448,7 @@ const skillReports = defineTable({
  createdAt: v.number(),
 })
  .index('by_skill', ['skillId'])
+  .index('by_skill_createdAt', ['skillId', 'createdAt'])
  .index('by_user', ['userId'])
  .index('by_skill_user', ['skillId', 'userId'])

@@ -375,6 +492,24 @@ const auditLogs = defineTable({
  .index('by_actor', ['actorUserId'])
  .index('by_target', ['targetType', 'targetId'])

+const vtScanLogs = defineTable({
+  type: v.union(v.literal('daily_rescan'), v.literal('backfill'), v.literal('pending_poll')),
+  total: v.number(),
+  updated: v.number(),
+  unchanged: v.number(),
+  errors: v.number(),
+  flaggedSkills: v.optional(
+    v.array(
+      v.object({
+        slug: v.string(),
+        status: v.string(),
+      }),
+    ),
+  ),
+  durationMs: v.number(),
+  createdAt: v.number(),
+}).index('by_type_date', ['type', 'createdAt'])
+
 const apiTokens = defineTable({
  userId: v.id('users'),
  label: v.string(),
@@ -397,6 +532,28 @@ const rateLimits = defineTable({
  .index('by_key_window', ['key', 'windowStart'])
  .index('by_key', ['key'])

+const downloadDedupes = defineTable({
+  skillId: v.id('skills'),
+  identityHash: v.string(),
+  hourStart: v.number(),
+  createdAt: v.number(),
+})
+  .index('by_skill_identity_hour', ['skillId', 'identityHash', 'hourStart'])
+  .index('by_hour', ['hourStart'])
+
+const reservedSlugs = defineTable({
+  slug: v.string(),
+  originalOwnerUserId: v.id('users'),
+  deletedAt: v.number(),
+  expiresAt: v.number(),
+  reason: v.optional(v.string()),
+  releasedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
+})
+  .index('by_slug', ['slug'])
+  .index('by_slug_active_deletedAt', ['slug', 'releasedAt', 'deletedAt'])
+  .index('by_owner', ['originalOwnerUserId'])
+  .index('by_expiry', ['expiresAt'])
+
 const githubBackupSyncState = defineTable({
  key: v.string(),
  cursor: v.optional(v.string()),
@@ -442,7 +599,7 @@ const userSkillRootInstalls = defineTable({
  .index('by_skill', ['skillId'])

 export default defineSchema({
-  ...authSchema,
+  ...authTables,
  users,
  skills,
  souls,
@@ -452,20 +609,26 @@ export default defineSchema({
  skillBadges,
  soulVersionFingerprints,
  skillEmbeddings,
+  embeddingSkillMap,
  soulEmbeddings,
  skillDailyStats,
  skillLeaderboards,
  skillStatBackfillState,
+  globalStats,
  skillStatEvents,
  skillStatUpdateCursors,
  comments,
+  commentReports,
  skillReports,
  soulComments,
  stars,
  soulStars,
  auditLogs,
+  vtScanLogs,
  apiTokens,
  rateLimits,
+  downloadDedupes,
+  reservedSlugs,
  githubBackupSyncState,
  userSyncRoots,
  userSkillInstalls,
@@ -1,12 +1,372 @@
 /* @vitest-environment node */

-import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
-import { __test } from './search'
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { tokenize } from './lib/searchText'
+import { __test, hydrateResults, lexicalFallbackSkills, searchSkills } from './search'
+
+const { generateEmbeddingMock } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  generateEmbeddingMock: vi.fn(),
+}))
+
+vi.mock('./lib/embeddings', () => ({
+  generateEmbedding: generateEmbeddingMock,
+}))
+
+vi.mock('./lib/badges', () => ({
+  isSkillHighlighted: (skill: { badges?: Record<string, unknown> }) =>
+    Boolean(skill.badges?.highlighted),
+}))
+
+type WrappedHandler = {
+  _handler: (
+    ctx: unknown,
+    args: unknown,
+  ) => Promise<Array<{ skill: { slug: string; _id: string } }>>
+}
+
+const searchSkillsHandler = (searchSkills as unknown as WrappedHandler)._handler
+const lexicalFallbackSkillsHandler = (lexicalFallbackSkills as unknown as WrappedHandler)._handler
+const hydrateResultsHandler = (
+  hydrateResults as unknown as {
+    _handler: (
+      ctx: unknown,
+      args: unknown,
+    ) => Promise<Array<{ skill: { slug: string; _id: string } }>>
+  }
+)._handler

 describe('search helpers', () => {
+  it('returns fallback results when vector candidates are empty', async () => {
+    generateEmbeddingMock.mockResolvedValueOnce([0, 1, 2])
+    const fallback = [
+      {
+        skill: makePublicSkill({ id: 'skills:orf', slug: 'orf', displayName: 'ORF' }),
+        version: null,
+        ownerHandle: 'steipete',
+        owner: null,
+      },
+    ]
+    const runQuery = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce([]) // hydrateResults
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(fallback) // lexicalFallbackSkills
+
+    const result = await searchSkillsHandler(
+      {
+        vectorSearch: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([]),
+        runQuery,
+      },
+      { query: 'orf', limit: 10 },
+    )
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].skill.slug).toBe('orf')
+    expect(runQuery).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.objectContaining({ query: 'orf', queryTokens: ['orf'] }),
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('applies highlightedOnly filtering in lexical fallback', async () => {
+    const highlighted = {
+      ...makeSkillDoc({
+        id: 'skills:hl',
+        slug: 'orf-highlighted',
+        displayName: 'ORF Highlighted',
+      }),
+      badges: { highlighted: { byUserId: 'users:mod', at: 1 } },
+    }
+    const plain = makeSkillDoc({ id: 'skills:plain', slug: 'orf-plain', displayName: 'ORF Plain' })
+
+    const result = await lexicalFallbackSkillsHandler(
+      makeLexicalCtx({
+        exactSlugSkill: null,
+        recentSkills: [highlighted, plain],
+      }),
+      { query: 'orf', queryTokens: ['orf'], highlightedOnly: true, limit: 10 },
+    )
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].skill.slug).toBe('orf-highlighted')
+  })
+
+  it('applies nonSuspiciousOnly filtering in lexical fallback', async () => {
+    const suspicious = makeSkillDoc({
+      id: 'skills:suspicious',
+      slug: 'orf-suspicious',
+      displayName: 'ORF Suspicious',
+      moderationFlags: ['flagged.suspicious'],
+    })
+    const clean = makeSkillDoc({ id: 'skills:clean', slug: 'orf-clean', displayName: 'ORF Clean' })
+
+    const result = await lexicalFallbackSkillsHandler(
+      makeLexicalCtx({
+        exactSlugSkill: null,
+        recentSkills: [suspicious, clean],
+      }),
+      { query: 'orf', queryTokens: ['orf'], nonSuspiciousOnly: true, limit: 10 },
+    )
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].skill.slug).toBe('orf-clean')
+  })
+
+  it('includes exact slug match from by_slug even when recent scan is empty', async () => {
+    const exactSlugSkill = makeSkillDoc({ id: 'skills:orf', slug: 'orf', displayName: 'ORF' })
+    const ctx = makeLexicalCtx({
+      exactSlugSkill,
+      recentSkills: [],
+    })
+
+    const result = await lexicalFallbackSkillsHandler(ctx, {
+      query: 'orf',
+      queryTokens: ['orf'],
+      limit: 10,
+    })
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].skill.slug).toBe('orf')
+    expect(ctx.db.query).toHaveBeenCalledWith('skills')
+  })
+
+  it('dedupes overlap and enforces rank + limit across vector and fallback', async () => {
+    generateEmbeddingMock.mockResolvedValueOnce([0, 1, 2])
+    const vectorEntries = [
+      {
+        embeddingId: 'skillEmbeddings:a',
+        skill: makePublicSkill({
+          id: 'skills:a',
+          slug: 'foo-a',
+          displayName: 'Foo Alpha',
+          downloads: 10,
+        }),
+        version: null,
+        ownerHandle: 'one',
+        owner: null,
+      },
+      {
+        embeddingId: 'skillEmbeddings:b',
+        skill: makePublicSkill({
+          id: 'skills:b',
+          slug: 'foo-b',
+          displayName: 'Foo Beta',
+          downloads: 2,
+        }),
+        version: null,
+        ownerHandle: 'two',
+        owner: null,
+      },
+    ]
+    const fallbackEntries = [
+      {
+        skill: makePublicSkill({
+          id: 'skills:a',
+          slug: 'foo-a',
+          displayName: 'Foo Alpha',
+          downloads: 10,
+        }),
+        version: null,
+        ownerHandle: 'one',
+        owner: null,
+      },
+      {
+        skill: makePublicSkill({
+          id: 'skills:c',
+          slug: 'foo-c',
+          displayName: 'Foo Classic',
+          downloads: 1,
+        }),
+        version: null,
+        ownerHandle: 'three',
+        owner: null,
+      },
+    ]
+
+    const runQuery = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(vectorEntries) // hydrateResults
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(fallbackEntries) // lexicalFallbackSkills
+
+    const result = await searchSkillsHandler(
+      {
+        vectorSearch: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([
+          { _id: 'skillEmbeddings:a', _score: 0.4 },
+          { _id: 'skillEmbeddings:b', _score: 0.9 },
+        ]),
+        runQuery,
+      },
+      { query: 'foo', limit: 2 },
+    )
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(result[0].skill.slug).toBe('foo-b')
+    expect(new Set(result.map((entry: { skill: { _id: string } }) => entry.skill._id)).size).toBe(2)
+  })
+
+  it('filters suspicious vector results in hydrateResults when requested', async () => {
+    const result = await hydrateResultsHandler(
+      {
+        db: {
+          get: vi.fn(async (id: string) => {
+            if (id === 'skillEmbeddings:1') {
+              return { _id: 'skillEmbeddings:1', skillId: 'skills:1', versionId: 'skillVersions:1' }
+            }
+            if (id === 'skills:1') {
+              return makeSkillDoc({
+                id: 'skills:1',
+                slug: 'suspicious',
+                displayName: 'Suspicious',
+                moderationFlags: ['flagged.suspicious'],
+              })
+            }
+            if (id === 'users:owner') return { _id: 'users:owner', handle: 'owner' }
+            if (id === 'skillVersions:1') return { _id: 'skillVersions:1', version: '1.0.0' }
+            return null
+          }),
+          query: vi.fn(() => ({
+            withIndex: () => ({ unique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) }),
+          })),
+        },
+      },
+      { embeddingIds: ['skillEmbeddings:1'], nonSuspiciousOnly: true },
+    )
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(0)
+  })
+
  it('advances candidate limit until max', () => {
    expect(__test.getNextCandidateLimit(50, 1000)).toBe(100)
    expect(__test.getNextCandidateLimit(800, 1000)).toBe(1000)
    expect(__test.getNextCandidateLimit(1000, 1000)).toBeNull()
  })
+
+  it('boosts exact slug/name matches over loose matches', () => {
+    const queryTokens = tokenize('notion')
+    const exactScore = __test.scoreSkillResult(queryTokens, 0.4, 'Notion Sync', 'notion-sync', 5)
+    const looseScore = __test.scoreSkillResult(queryTokens, 0.6, 'Notes Sync', 'notes-sync', 500)
+    expect(exactScore).toBeGreaterThan(looseScore)
+  })
+
+  it('adds a popularity prior for equally relevant matches', () => {
+    const queryTokens = tokenize('notion')
+    const lowDownloads = __test.scoreSkillResult(
+      queryTokens,
+      0.5,
+      'Notion Helper',
+      'notion-helper',
+      0,
+    )
+    const highDownloads = __test.scoreSkillResult(
+      queryTokens,
+      0.5,
+      'Notion Helper',
+      'notion-helper',
+      1000,
+    )
+    expect(highDownloads).toBeGreaterThan(lowDownloads)
+  })
+
+  it('merges fallback matches without duplicate skill ids', () => {
+    const primary = [
+      {
+        embeddingId: 'skillEmbeddings:1',
+        skill: { _id: 'skills:1' },
+      },
+    ] as unknown as Parameters<typeof __test.mergeUniqueBySkillId>[0]
+    const fallback = [
+      {
+        skill: { _id: 'skills:1' },
+      },
+      {
+        skill: { _id: 'skills:2' },
+      },
+    ] as unknown as Parameters<typeof __test.mergeUniqueBySkillId>[1]
+
+    const merged = __test.mergeUniqueBySkillId(primary, fallback)
+    expect(merged).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(merged.map((entry) => entry.skill._id)).toEqual(['skills:1', 'skills:2'])
+  })
 })
+
+function makePublicSkill(params: {
+  id: string
+  slug: string
+  displayName: string
+  downloads?: number
+}) {
+  return {
+    _id: params.id,
+    _creationTime: 1,
+    slug: params.slug,
+    displayName: params.displayName,
+    summary: `${params.displayName} summary`,
+    ownerUserId: 'users:owner',
+    canonicalSkillId: undefined,
+    forkOf: undefined,
+    latestVersionId: 'skillVersions:1',
+    tags: {},
+    badges: {},
+    stats: {
+      downloads: params.downloads ?? 0,
+      installsCurrent: 0,
+      installsAllTime: 0,
+      stars: 0,
+      versions: 1,
+      comments: 0,
+    },
+    createdAt: 1,
+    updatedAt: 1,
+  }
+}
+
+function makeSkillDoc(params: {
+  id: string
+  slug: string
+  displayName: string
+  moderationFlags?: string[]
+  moderationReason?: string
+}) {
+  return {
+    ...makePublicSkill(params),
+    _creationTime: 1,
+    moderationStatus: 'active',
+    moderationFlags: params.moderationFlags ?? [],
+    moderationReason: params.moderationReason,
+    softDeletedAt: undefined,
+  }
+}
+
+function makeLexicalCtx(params: {
+  exactSlugSkill: ReturnType<typeof makeSkillDoc> | null
+  recentSkills: Array<ReturnType<typeof makeSkillDoc>>
+}) {
+  return {
+    db: {
+      query: vi.fn((table: string) => {
+        if (table !== 'skills') throw new Error(`Unexpected table ${table}`)
+        return {
+          withIndex: (index: string) => {
+            if (index === 'by_slug') {
+              return {
+                unique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(params.exactSlugSkill),
+              }
+            }
+            if (index === 'by_active_updated') {
+              return {
+                order: () => ({
+                  take: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(params.recentSkills),
+                }),
+              }
+            }
+            throw new Error(`Unexpected index ${index}`)
+          },
+        }
+      }),
+      get: vi.fn(async (id: string) => {
+        if (id.startsWith('users:')) return { _id: id, handle: 'owner' }
+        if (id.startsWith('skillVersions:')) return { _id: id, version: '1.0.0' }
+        return null
+      }),
+    },
+  }
+}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More