diff --git a/.env.local.example b/.env.local.example
index ddb17226..83408086 100644
--- a/.env.local.example
+++ b/.env.local.example
@@ -24,6 +24,5 @@ OPENAI_API_KEY=
 
 # Transactional email
 RESEND_API_KEY=
-CLAWHUB_SECURITY_EMAIL=security@notifications.openclaw.ai
 CLAWHUB_SECURITY_EMAIL_FROM=ClawHub Security <noreply@notifications.openclaw.ai>
 CLAWHUB_NOREPLY_FROM=ClawHub <noreply@notifications.openclaw.ai>
diff --git a/convex/emailsNode.test.ts b/convex/emailsNode.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f525638
--- /dev/null
+++ b/convex/emailsNode.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/* @vitest-environment node */
+
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+const { resendConstructorMock, resendSendMock } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  resendConstructorMock: vi.fn(function ResendMock() {
+    return { emails: { send: resendSendMock } };
+  }),
+  resendSendMock: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("resend", () => ({
+  Resend: resendConstructorMock,
+}));
+
+const { sendBanNotificationInternal } = await import("./emailsNode");
+
+type SendBanNotificationHandler = {
+  _handler: (
+    ctx: unknown,
+    args: {
+      userId: string;
+      bannedAt: number;
+      to: string;
+      handle?: string;
+      source: "manual" | "autoban";
+      reason?: string;
+    },
+  ) => Promise<unknown>;
+};
+
+describe("transactional account emails", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.stubEnv("RESEND_API_KEY", "resend_test");
+    resendConstructorMock.mockClear();
+    resendSendMock.mockReset();
+    resendSendMock.mockResolvedValue({ data: { id: "email_123" }, error: null });
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.unstubAllEnvs();
+  });
+
+  it("sends ban notifications without a Reply-To header", async () => {
+    const result = await (
+      sendBanNotificationInternal as unknown as SendBanNotificationHandler
+    )._handler(
+      {},
+      {
+        userId: "users:target",
+        bannedAt: 1_700_000_000_000,
+        to: "target@example.com",
+        handle: "target",
+        source: "manual",
+        reason: "security review",
+      },
+    );
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({ ok: true, id: "email_123" });
+    expect(resendSendMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    const [payload, options] = resendSendMock.mock.calls[0] ?? [];
+    expect(payload).toMatchObject({
+      from: "ClawHub Security <noreply@notifications.openclaw.ai>",
+      to: "target@example.com",
+      subject: "Your ClawHub account has been suspended",
+    });
+    expect(payload).not.toHaveProperty("replyTo");
+    expect(options).toEqual({ idempotencyKey: "ban:users:target:1700000000000" });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/convex/emailsNode.ts b/convex/emailsNode.ts
index 2438003c..246490d5 100644
--- a/convex/emailsNode.ts
+++ b/convex/emailsNode.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import {
 } from "./lib/emails";
 
 const DEFAULT_FROM = "ClawHub Security <noreply@notifications.openclaw.ai>";
-const DEFAULT_REPLY_TO = "security@notifications.openclaw.ai";
 
 const notificationArtifactValidator = v.object({
   kind: v.union(v.literal("skill"), v.literal("plugin")),
@@ -32,7 +31,6 @@ function getEmailConfig() {
   return {
     apiKey: process.env.RESEND_API_KEY,
     from: process.env.CLAWHUB_SECURITY_EMAIL_FROM || DEFAULT_FROM,
-    replyTo: process.env.CLAWHUB_SECURITY_EMAIL || DEFAULT_REPLY_TO,
   };
 }
 
@@ -60,7 +58,6 @@ async function sendTransactionalEmail(args: SendEmailArgs) {
       {
         from: config.from,
         to: args.to,
-        replyTo: config.replyTo,
         subject: args.subject,
         text: args.text,
         html: args.html,
diff --git a/convex/httpApiV1.handlers.test.ts b/convex/httpApiV1.handlers.test.ts
index abb5d7d7..fe8a5183 100644
--- a/convex/httpApiV1.handlers.test.ts
+++ b/convex/httpApiV1.handlers.test.ts
@@ -8121,6 +8121,7 @@ describe("httpApiV1 handlers", () => {
     const resendBody = JSON.parse(String(fetchMock.mock.calls[0]?.[1]?.body));
     expect(resendBody.from).toBe("ClawHub <noreply@notifications.openclaw.ai>");
     expect(resendBody.from).not.toBe("Legacy <legacy@example.com>");
+    expect(resendBody).not.toHaveProperty("replyTo");
   });
 
   it("staff email ignores legacy noreply sender env names", async () => {
@@ -8169,6 +8170,7 @@ describe("httpApiV1 handlers", () => {
     expect(response.status).toBe(200);
     const resendBody = JSON.parse(String(fetchMock.mock.calls[0]?.[1]?.body));
     expect(resendBody.from).toBe("ClawHub <noreply@notifications.openclaw.ai>");
+    expect(resendBody).not.toHaveProperty("replyTo");
   });
 
   it("set role requires auth", async () => {
diff --git a/specs/deploy.md b/specs/deploy.md
index 546fa32e..65d9b5dc 100644
--- a/specs/deploy.md
+++ b/specs/deploy.md
@@ -112,8 +112,6 @@ Ensure Convex env is set (auth + embeddings):
 - `JWKS`
 - `OPENAI_API_KEY`
 - `RESEND_API_KEY` for account-ban notification email
-- `CLAWHUB_SECURITY_EMAIL` for account-action replies, defaulting to
-  `security@notifications.openclaw.ai`
 - `CLAWHUB_SECURITY_EMAIL_FROM` for the outbound From header, defaulting to
   `ClawHub Security <noreply@notifications.openclaw.ai>` on the verified Resend
   domain